Proficiência motora, força muscular dos membros inferiores e índice de massa corporal de crianças com perturbações do espectro do autismo: efeito de programas de treino de trampolins

As Perturbações do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) consistem num transtorno neurológico que é limitante em diferentes dimensões para os indivíduos que as apresentam, nomeadamente, no que se refere ao comportamento motor. O treino de trampolins promove experiências motoras que permitem potenciar o desenvolvimento da coordenação, equilíbrio e fortalecimento muscular. Esta investigação teve como principais objetivos: (i) Avaliar a influência de dois programas de treinos de trampolins, de 20 e 32 semanas, na proficiência motora (PM), na força muscular dos membros inferiores (FMMI), no índice de massa corporal (IMC) e no perímetro da cintura (PC) de crianças com PEA. A investigação consistiu num estudo transversal, quasi-experimental com uma amostra inicial de 25 crianças (6.9±2.3 anos), com diagnóstico de PEA. As crianças foram divididas em 3 grupos: grupo experimental A (GEA, n=6); grupo experimental B (GEB, n=8); e grupo de controlo (GC, n=11). A avaliação das variáveis em estudo foi feita usando os seguintes procedimentos metodológico: a PM foi avaliada através do Teste de Proficiência Motora de Bruininks-Oseretsky – segunda edição (BOT-2) na sua forma reduzida, a FMMI foi avaliada através da realização do salto de impulsão horizontal; o cálculo do IMC foi realizado de acordo com os padrões internacionais de avaliação antropométrica; o PC foi medido tendo em conta as diretrizes existentes; e foi, ainda, utilizado o Autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC) para verificar os efeitos dos programas de intervenção que foram implementados. Foram realizados 3 momentos de avaliação: no início (baseline), no meio das intervenções e no final das mesmas. Os resultados reportam que com o treino de trampolins se verificaram melhorias significativas na FMMI (0.001) e na PM (p≤0.001). A ATEC mostra igualmente uma melhoria significativa nos grupos intervencionados com o treino de trampolins (p=0.007). Por outro lado, o PC e o IMC não registaram alterações significativas nos grupos experimentais, quando comparados com o grupo de controlo. Os resultados sugerem que: i) as crianças sujeitas a um programa de treino de trampolins registaram melhorias significativas na PM e FMMI e apresentam melhorias em diferentes dimensões avaliadas pela ATEC; ii) o IMC e PC não sofreram alterações significativas após o treino proposto. Os resultados apresentados reportam as potencialidades do uso do treino de trampolins em crianças com PEA, apresentando-se uma atividade inovadora, lúdica e estimulante, que pode vir a ser integrada nas terapias recomendadas para crianças com PEA.Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is limiting for individuals in particular with regards to their motor behavior. Trampolines seem to promote motor experiences that allow the development of coordination, balance and strength. The main objectives of this research were: (i) To assess the influence of two trampoline training programs, 20 and 32 weeks long, the motor proficiency (MP), in muscle strength of the lower limbs (MSLL), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) of children with ASD. Two separate studies were conducted. The initial sample consisted of 25 children with ASD (6.9 ± 2.3 years). The children were divided into 3 groups: experimental group A (GEA, n=6); experimental group B (GEB, n=8); group and control group (n=11). Evaluated using the following variables: MP, MSLL, BMI and WC. To collect data related to the variables mentioned, we used: the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency - second edition (BOT2) brief form to evaluate the MP; the BMI calculation was conducted according to the international standards of anthropometric measurements. A jump from horizontal thrust was carried out to assess the MSLL; and the Autism treatment evaluation checklist (ATEC) was also used to determine the effects of intervention programs that have been implemented. The results report that with trampoline training, there were no significant improvements in the MSLL (0.001) and MP (p≤0.001). The ATEC also shows a significant improvement in groups intervened with trampoline training (p = 0.007). On the other hand, the WC and BMI presented no significant changes in experimental groups compared with the control group. Results suggest that: i) children subject to trampoline training programs display significant improvements in the MP and MSLL and the improvements have different dimensions assessed by ATEC; ii) the BMI and WC did not change significantly after the proposed training. The results presented report the potential use of trampoline training in children with ASD, presenting an innovative, fun and exciting activity that might be integrated into the recommended therapies for children with ASD

Factors associated with grazing behavior in candidates for bariatric surgery at a hospital in the Amazon

BlackgroundTo assess grazing behavior and associated factors in candidates for bariatric surgery monitored at a public hospital that is a reference in the care of people with severe obesity.MethodsCross-sectional analytical study, with candidates for bariatric surgery of both genders, treated in a public hospital in the Amazon. To assess grazing behavior, the Repetitive Eating Questionnaire was used, and to investigate patterns of eating behavior, the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire was used, which assesses: Emotional Eating, Cognitive Restriction and Uncontrolled Eating. Sociodemographic information was obtained through self-report and the description of medication use through the medical record. Body mass index (BMI) was also calculated by measuring weight and height. The SPSS program, v. 21.0 was used. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee.ResultsA total of 205 participants were evaluated, with a mean age of 37.5 ± 8.6 years, the majority (93.7%) being women and the majority (59.5%) was not also using medication to lose weight. About 66.3% of the participants had compulsive grazing. The factor with the highest score was cognitive restriction (p < 0.001). Individuals who used weight loss drugs had higher scores in the cognitive restriction factor (p = 0.015) and lower scores for uncontrolled eating (p = 0.008), compulsive grazing (p = 0.021) and non-compulsive grazing (p = 0.034).ConclusionLinear regression showed that emotional eating and uncontrolled eating were predictors of both compulsive grazing and non-compulsive grazing behavior. It was observed that grazing behavior, cognitive restriction, emotional eating and uncontrolled eating are present and correlated in the studied patients. In addition, the use of weight loss drugs seems to help reduce dysfunctional eating behaviors in patients with severe obesity

Práticas artísticas no ensino básico e secundário

A matéria-prima de que trata esta revista é base de trabalho para um ensino artístico alargado, estendendo-se fora dos limites da aula, transgredindo os limites formais dos curricula, implicando património e riqueza cultural, sensibilizando para o imaterial, criando públicos apreciadores e também agentes criadores. É toda uma comunidade que se interliga através dos valores imateriais que sempre foram os da arte. A tarefa do educador é muito alargada: exige-se que esteja à altura deste desígnio humanista, que é também um desafio ao destino da humanidade: pela educação artística constroem-se futuros, e sem arte há intolerância, materialismo, indiferença, alienação, morte. Os tempos que se vivem são exigentes. As questões da pós modernidade estão muito acesas, desde as que nos obrigam ao desassossego, como a sustentabilidade e a poluição, como as que nos implicam politicamente, como a justiça, os direitos civis, a desigualdade. Tudo isto é matéria com a qual se amassa um barro que pode ser mais ou menos criativo: trata-se de extrair a matéria-prima com que se pode fazer os blocos que constroem o futuro. Aos profissionais da educação e do ensino, esta consciência, ao mesmo tempo desamparada – os cortes da economia neoliberal transformaram a arte em indústria, e a sua educação em criação de consumidores – e ao mesmo tempo vigilante e interventiva. Os artigos que responderam a esta chamada, respondem, cada um a seu modo, a este desassossego, a este desconforto, a este mal-estar contemporâneo. Dispuseram-se segundo uma sequência que se articula com base em temas afins que se podem descrever sucintamente: Todos os que participaram neste número mostraram a sua matéria-prima, a sua reação à falta que a arte nos faz. A chamada soa, e ressoa, e é necessário que seja por todos ouvida, em todos os países. É simples: as artes estão em perigo. Perigo porque há menos horas, menos professores, menos opções, menos conhecimento. As reduções no horário, a eliminação de disciplinas tão importantes como a história da arte, fazem de cada professor um agente da resistência, um ser mais implicado na sobrevivência da chama da criação. Matéria-prima: matéria para resgatar a verdade humana, a arte, a expressão mais valiosa da sua vaidade. Resgatar o homem que Michel Foucault (1988: 412) vê ameaçado, como um rosto na areia, desenhado à beira-mar.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications