Governance and Environmental Democracy: a Global Policy

In legal terms, and through the late decades sustainable development has transformed from an economic development theory to a public policy obligation that in turn has also translated in practice into concrete rights and obligations in legal systems throughout the world. These rights and obligations apply both to individuals and governments through constitutional, civil, administrative, commercial and even criminal legal rules. Environmental law has become an essential tool for governance and administration of sustainable development while environmental democracy and its elements are becoming essential for a safe and sound planetary cohabitation. Environmental democracy provides the basis for the policies and government actions that may ensure that the use of natural resources is equitable and sustainable at a time. Based on environmental problems of global dimensions such as climate change, environmental degradation, and energy crisis, the proposal of efficient means of assuring peaceful wellbeing of humanity is necessary. Even though it is not exclusively a legal nor a political problem, world governance will strongly rely on coherent and efficient implementation of environmental democracy throughout the current century. This paper will explore and identify the role of environmental law and environmental democracy in particular, for the achievement of governance and democracy in general, trying to ensure sustainable development considering global environmental issues. This will be done through the analysis of elements contained in traditional soft law instruments, as well as those contained under economical and political international instruments influenced by sustainable development policies, trying to identify and propose the possibility of current innovative environmental governance policies

Using Law to Advance Sustainability: The Law of Sustainable Development

Sustainability and law as a social tool behold linkages that strengthen one another, although this conjunction is frail when analyzed under the typical standards and paradigm of most contemporary legal systems. The role of law under sustainability must be carefully profiled and differentiated as compared to the rest of legal rules. Even though it is true that all legal rules are created and implemented with the main purpose of improving human interaction, the role of law oriented towards sustainability should be the protection and preservation of natural resources, elements, as well as the conditions associated to these in order to guarantee the development and well being of the human race. As it has been declared by other environmental law scholars, there should be a “sustainable development law”, referring to the fact that certain sustainability based main principles should be introduced and recognized considering that the largest and most widely spread legal systems were unable to recognize them. The identity of a new legal paradigm strongly based on the current environmental paradigm should be recognized and legal systems throughout the globe should implement and enforce it in order to assure a sustainable development approach through law. Any argument of modern environmental law should be based in several focal aspects that will be identified, reasoned and proposed in this paper, as well as this proposed identity and character of the modern legal paradigm which embraces and strengthens sustainability

Comunicación institucional y marketing educativo en las I.E. de la Red 01, UGEL 03, Cercado – 2015

La presente investigación titulada “Comunicación institucional y marketing educativo en las I.E., de la Red 01 , UGEL 03, Cercado – 2015”. Tiene como objetivo demostrar la relación que existe entre la Comunicación institucional y el Marketing educativo. Este aspecto como respuesta al problema: ¿En qué medida se relaciona la Comunicación institucional y el Marketing educativo en las I.E., de la Red 01, UGEL 03, Cercado – 2015? Es un estudio de tipo básico, descriptivo correlacional de diseño no experimental transversal. Los instrumentos que se aplicaron fueron cuestionarios diseñados en la escala de Likert para medir las variables, en una población de 231 docentes; la muestra constituyó 144 docentes, la misma que se obtuvo a través del muestreo probabilístico, cabe resaltarse que el instrumento fue validado y determinado su confiabilidad. Luego del procesamiento de los datos, y habiendo realizado la distinción de la hipótesis, se llegó a la siguiente conclusión: existe relación entre la “Comunicación institucional y marketing educativo en las I.E., de la Red 01, UGEL 03, Cercado – 2015”, como se muestra en los resultados de la prueba de Spearman (Rho 0.799; p= .000 < 0.05)

Traveling through heritage : Brazilian popular dance to the creative process in contemporary dance

Orientador: Inaicyra Falcão dos SantosAcompanha 01 DVD "Gengibre", 01 caderno "O sol cai", 01 caderno "Rosarina", 01 CD-ROM "Rosarina", 01 envelope de Bibliografias, 01 envelope de agradecimentos, 01 envelope "Ponto de partida" acondicionados em pastaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de ArtesResumo: Este trabalho tem como foco a pesquisa em danças do Brasil; articulando as matrizes afro-brasileiras do Congado de São José do Triunfo Zona da Mata mineira, MG, para a construção dos processos criativos nas linguagens de performance e em dança contemporânea. Através de imagens, textos e recursos multimídia, a pesquisa visa articular, os contextos do Real, Ritual e Virtual aliando-os aos recursos do processo de criação em dança contemporânea aos elementos técnicos de montagem cênica. Reflete como tais processos criativos envolvendo tradição e tradução, projetam as artes para novos territórios, possíveis platôs para uma sociedade transformadaAbstract: The purpose of this paper is to research Brazilian dances by tracing the African Brazilian origins of the Congado from São José do Triunfo, in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais, for the construction of creative processes in the performance languages and contemporary dance. Using images, texts, and multimedia resources, the study aims to trace the Real, Ritual, and Virtual contexts by joining the resources of the contemporary dance creative process to the technical elements of staging. It reflects on how these creative processes, involving tradition and translation, push the arts into new territories, possible grounds for a transformed societyMestradoMestre em Arte

Aprendizaje cooperativo y estrés académico en estudiantes de Psicología de una universidad privada de Trujillo

El presente estudio descriptivo correlacional, tuvo como objetivo general establecer la relación de aprendizaje cooperativo y estrés académico en estudiantes de psicología de una universidad privada de Trujillo, para la medición respectiva se utilizó las adaptaciones de los instrumentos denominados Aprendizaje Cooperativo (AC) y el Inventario de estrés académico (SISCO), los cuales fueron aplicados a una muestra de 256 estudiantes de la escuela de psicología y se contó con una población de 762 estudiantes de una universidad privada de Trujillo. Los resultados muestran que el 80% de los estudiantes tiene un nivel de aprendizaje cooperativo alto, seguido del 19% que es medio y 2% que es bajo; con respecto al nivel de estrés académico el 66% fue bajo, 7% promedio bajo, 3.9% promedio alto y 22.7% alto. También se evidenció una correlación inversa y significativa (p.< 0.05) entre ambas variables; es decir que, a mayor aprendizaje cooperativo, menor es el estrés académico en los estudiantes. Por lo cual se concluye que cuanto más los estudiantes de psicología compartan sus actividades académicas con su grupo de pares y establezcan un ambiente cooperativo mediante la interacción, menor sería el estrés percibido en los estudiantes quienes serían capaces de lograr metas compartidasThe aim of the research was to establish the relationship between cooperative learning and academic stress in psychology students of a private university of Trujillo. This correlational design research used the Adaptations of instruments like Cooperative Learning (CA) and Academic Stress Inventory (SISCO) as a data collection used. The study population was a sample of 256 students from psychology school and had a global population of 762 students from a private university in Trujillo. It is reported that 80% of students proved a high level of cooperative learning, followed by 19% in medium and 2% in low of cooperative learning. Regarding academic stress 66% was low, 7% low average, 3.9% high average and 22.7% high. It is observed an inverse and significant correlation (p.< 0.05) between both variables; it means, the greater the cooperative learning is, the less academic stress the students have. To sum up, the more psychology students share their academic activities with their peer group and establish a cooperative environment through interaction, then less is perceived stress on students and they are able to achieve shared goals.Tesi

Increased regional gray matter atrophy and enhanced functional connectivy in male multiple sclerosis patients

Evidence suggests that sex/gender is an important factor for understanding multiple sclerosis (MS) and that some of its neuropathological consequences might manifest earlier in males. In the present study, we assessed gray matter (GM) volume and functional connectivity (FC) in a sample of female and male MS patients (MSp) and female and male healthy controls (HCs). As compared to female MSp, male MSp showed decreased GM volume in the bilateral frontal areas and increased FC between different brain regions. Because both sets of changes correlated significantly and no differences in cognitive performance were observed, we suggest that the FC increase observed in male MSp acts as a compensatory mechanism for their more extensive GM loss and that it promotes a functional convergence between male- and female-MSp.This research has been supported by grant P1-1B2014-15 provided to Cristina Forn by the Universitat Jaume I

Phosphorylation of eIF2α on Threonine 169 is not required for Trypanosoma brucei cell cycle arrest during differentiation.

The trypanosome life cycle consists of a series of developmental forms each adapted to an environment in the relevant insect and/or mammalian host. The differentiation process from the mammalian bloodstream form to the insect-midgut procyclic form in Trypanosoma brucei occurs in two steps in vivo. First proliferating 'slender' bloodstream forms differentiate to non-dividing 'stumpy' forms arrested in G1. Second, in response to environmental cues, stumpy bloodstream forms re-enter the cell cycle and start to proliferate as procyclic forms after a lag during which both cell morphology and gene expression are modified. Nearly all arrested cells have lower rates of protein synthesis when compared to the proliferating equivalent. In eukaryotes, one mechanism used to regulate the overall rate of protein synthesis involves phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of initiation factor eIF2 (eIF2α). The effect of eIF2α phosphorylation is to prevent the action of eIF2B, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates eIF2 for the next rounds of initiation. To investigate the role of the phosphorylation of eIF2α in the life cycle of T. brucei, a cell line was made with a single eIF2α gene that contained the phosphorylation site, threonine 169, mutated to alanine. These cells were capable of differentiating from proliferating bloodstream form cells into arrested stumpy forms in mice and into procyclic forms in vitro and in tsetse flies. These results indicate that translation attenuation mediated by the phosphorylation of eIF2α on threonine 169 is not necessary for the cell cycle arrest associated with these differentiation processes.This work was supported by Fapesp grants 09/52047-5 and 11/51973-3 to B.A.C. and S. S., respectively, and CNPq grants 309860/2011-3 and 478903/2012-0 to B.A.C. and 477143/2011-3 and 445655/2014-3 to S.S.. C.C.A. was supported by a Fapesp doctoral fellowship (2007/59753-7) and a CAPES-PSDE fellowship. Work in Cambridge and Bristol was supported by Wellcome Trust Project, Grants 085956 and 088099 respectively.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Elsevier via https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.03.00

Hippocampal dysfunction is associated with memory impairment in multiple sclerosis: A volumetric and functional connectivity study

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested a relationship between neuroanatomical and neurofunctional hippocampal alterations and episodic memory impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients OBJECTIVE: We examined hippocampus volume and functional connectivity (FC) changes in MS patients with different episodic memory capabilities. METHODS: hippocampal subfield volume and FC changes were compared in two subgroups of MS patients with and without episodic memory impairment (MSi and MSp, respectively) and healthy controls. A discriminant function (DF) analysis was used to identify which of these neuroanatomical and neurofunctional parameters were the most relevant components of the mnemonic profiles of HC, MSp and MSi. RESULTS: MSi showed reduced volume in several hippocampal subfields compared to MSp and HC. Ordinal gradation (MSi>MSp>HC) was also observed for FC between the posterior hippocampus and several cortical areas. DF-based analyses revealed that reduced right fimbria volume and enhanced FC at the right posterior hippocampus were the main neural signatures of the episodic memory impairments observed in the MSi group. CONCLUSIONS: Before any sign of episodic memory alterations (MSp), FC increased on several pathways that connect the hippocampus with cortical areas. These changes further increased when the several hippocampal volumes reduced and memory deficits appeared (MSi).This study was sponsored by grants P1-1B2014-15 awarded by Universitat Jaume I and PSI2015-67285-R awarded by MINECO to Dr. Cristina For

Mineralogy and chemistry of incrustations resulting from the 2014-15 eruption of Fogo volcano, Cape Verde

The last eruption of the Fogo volcano, in the Cape Verde Archipelago, occurred in 2014-2015. A mineralogical and chemical study was undertaken on fumarole incrustations resulting from this event and compared with results obtained from the previous 1995 eruption. The mineralogical constitution of the fumarole deposits was assessed by X-ray diffraction and the chemical characterization was performed through X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with a wavelength dispersive system and by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The most common compounds/minerals in solid deposits were sulfur, sodium chloride, and calcium sulphates with variable degrees of hydration, sodium sulphate, hydrated sulphates of sodium aluminum, potassium magnesium, or sodium magnesium and a fluorine-bearing mineral. Thenardite (Na2SO4) and its polymorph (phase III) were found simultaneously for the first time in incrustations, to the best of our knowledge. A large span of minor and trace elements present in incrustations (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ba, Ce, Tl, Pb) were also identified, some of them potentially hazardous to animal and human health. This study reveals that low temperature incrustations, allied to the atmospheric conditions of Fogo volcano, constitute a natural laboratory to observe the process of mineral formation-namely the Na2SO4 phase III considered metastable.This research received financial support from FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) through project FIRE (PTDC/GEO-GEO/1123/2014). We acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities and in particular in using beamline BM 25A. Special thanks are due to the guides Manuel Montrond Fernandes (Izaquiel) and Edimar Montrond that helped us in the Fogo volcano. J.P. Veiga acknowledges funding by FEDER funds through the COMPETE 2020 Programme and National Funds through FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project UID/CTM/50025/2013 and the funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme H2020-DRS-2015 GA nr. 700395 (HERACLES project). Carla Candeias would also like to acknowledge FCT by the grant SFRH/BPD/99636/2014 and UID/GEO/04035/2013. Special thanks are also due to Dr. Tonci Balic-Žunic, an anonymous reviewer and to the editors for their comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to Dr. Lídia Quental for the satellite image of Fogo Island