259 research outputs found
Enteric Nervous System Abnormalities in Ulcerative Colitis
In the recent years, there is increasing evidence highlighting the crucial role played by ENS
in intestinal inflammation, as demonstrated by the growing numbers of studies looking at
both morphological and functional alterations in the ENS and its cellular elements, neurons
and glial cells. These observations are the results of investigations carried out in both
experimental animal models and in intestinal tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel
disease. Although morpho-functional abnormalities of the ENS of UC patients have been
consistently reported, additional studies are necessary to better understand the changes in
the enteric cells, including neurons (of both submucosal and myenteric layers) and glial
cells, which control gut functions, such as colonic motility and secretion, in the inflamed gut.
This approach will help to prevent enteric neuropathies associated with inflammation and
pave the way to future therapeutic options. Targeting neuronal and/or glial alterations
during the course of inflammation may represent a novel approach to diminish the entity of
tissue damage as well as the lack of long-term effectiveness of classical immunosuppressant
agents used in the treatment of UC. Moreover, additional studies investigating the
relationship between ENS and immune cells are warranted in order to carry out an in-depth
assessment of the role of neurons, glial cells and their derived factors in the modulation of
immune/inflammatory responses in the human gut, in light of establishment of new
therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of gut inflammatory diseases.
One of the main questions that still need to be addressed to is whether the alterations of the
ENS precede or are secondary to the inflammatory process within the gut. This will
hopefully help to predict the disease outcome in UC, that until now remains a challenge,
and for better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease.
In conclusion, the complex interactions of the ENS and the other systems during gut
inflammation require a broad perspective from neurophysiology, biochemistry and
immunology to completely understand the regulation of inflammatory processes involved
in UC. Therefore, important progress in this field can only be achieved by interdisciplinary
approaches. Further research in this direction needs to be done for the discovery of longlasting,
effective treatment for inflammatory diseases of the gut
La formazione del docente di Scuola Primaria nell’interazione teoria-prassi
Teachers school of base has been among the most important themes of reflectionof the Italian school in the last twenty years. The education and theformation in fact together with the search historian critical of the formativetrials with the renewal of the didactic methodologies they not only evolvehim to change some social classes, of the relationships between individualand collectivity or to constitute him of new conditions of life of job andknowledge, but also to impose and the to converge of practical-scientificappeals, (you see the role of the socials middle, the technological innovation)at least as point of departure to the educational problem list. In subjectof formation teacher emerges by now a contradiction leading generallyalways among the traditional structure-function of the M. P.I., in the dialecticsamong the two logical natural-mind prevails.La formazione degli insegnanti della scuola di base è stata tra i più importantitemi di riflessione della scuola italiana nell’ultimo ventennio. L’educazionee l’istruzione infatti insieme alla ricerca storico critica dei processiformativi con il rinnovamento delle metodologie didattiche si evolvononon solo per il trasformarsi dei ceti sociali, dei rapporti fra individuo e collettivitào per il costituirsi di nuove condizioni di vita di lavoro e diconoscenza, ma anche per l’imporsi e il convergere di istanze pratico-scientifiche,(vedi il ruolo dei social media, l’innovazione tecnologica) almenocome punto di partenza alle problematiche educative. In materia di formazionedocente emerge ormai una contraddizione di fondo tra latradizionale struttura-funzione del M.P.I., in genere sempre più centralizzatadi ogni altra amministrazione statale, e le nuove spinte autonomistiche esocializzanti che dalla fine degli anni ‘60 hanno preso a circolare e che oggisi sono, spesso trasformate in Camarilles amministrativo-scolastiche
S100B inhibitor pentamidine attenuates reactive gliosis and reduces neuronal loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Among the different signaling molecules released during reactive gliosis occurring in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the astrocytederived S100B protein plays a key role in neuroinflammation, one of the hallmarks of the disease. The use of pharmacological tools targeting S100B may be crucial to embank its effects and some of the pathological features of AD. The antiprotozoal drug pentamidine is a good candidate since it directly blocks S100B activity by inhibiting its interaction with the tumor suppressor p53. We used a mouse model of amyloid beta- (A-) induced AD, which is characterized by reactive gliosis and neuroinflammation in the brain, and we evaluated the effect of pentamidine on the main S100B-mediated events. Pentamidine caused the reduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein, S100B, and RAGE protein expression, which are signs of reactive gliosis, and induced p53 expression in astrocytes. Pentamidine also reduced the expression of proinflammatory mediators and markers, thus reducing neuroinflammation in AD brain. In parallel, we observed a significant neuroprotection exerted by pentamidine on CA1 pyramidal neurons. We
demonstrated that pentamidine inhibits A-induced gliosis and neuroinflammation in an animal model of AD, thus playing a role in slowing down the course of the disease
Critical currents and pinning forces in Nd2−xCexCuO4− thin films
Critical current density, Jc, and flux-pinning force density, Fp, have been investigated at different temperatures
in electron-doped Nd2−xCexCuO4− thin films for magnetic fields, H, applied parallel to the c axis. The
reduced pinning force density fFp /Fp
max shows a clear scaling behavior when H is normalized to the
irreversibility field H, indicating the presence of the same pinning mechanism in the investigated temperature
range. Moreover the maximum of Fp as function of the field at each temperature depends linearly on H. The
experimental data, interpreted using a modified Anderson-Kim description of the flux-creep theory, imply a
magnetic field dependence of the activation energy UHH− with =0.8. This value indicates that in
Nd2−xCexCuO4− a quasi-two-dimensional vortex system is present, intermediate between Bi-based and
Y-based hole-doped compounds
Quasiparticles energy relaxation times in NbN/CuNi nanostripes from critical velocity measurements
The dynamic instability of the moving vortex lattice at high driving currents in NbN/CuNi-based and NbN nanostripes designed for optical detection has been studied. By applying the model proposed by Larkin and Ovchinnikov [Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, 1915 (1975)], from the critical velocity v∗ for the occurrence of the instability, it was possible to estimate the values of the quasiparticle relaxation times τE. The results show that the NbN/CuNi-based devices are characterized by shorter values of τE compared to that of NbN
Local characterization of ferromagnetic properties in ferromagnet/superconductor bilayer by Point Contact Andreev Reflection Spectroscopy
We realized point contact spectroscopy experiment on
ferromagnet/superconductor bilayers. Differential conductance curves show
several features that we explained within Bogoliubov-de Gennes formalism
considering the presence of two interfaces in the
normal-metal-tip/ferromagnet/superconductor device. We demonstrate that such
configuration is suitable as local probe of the spin polarization and thickness
of ferromagnetic layer, directly on bilayer areas. This is due to the high
sensitivity of the Andreev surface states to the physical properties of the
ferromagnetic interlayer
Temperature dependence of resistivity of porous silicon formed on N-substrates
Results of measurement of resistivity of mesoporous silicon formed on n-type substrates in a wide temperature range are presented. Measurements show that at low temperatures there is a growth of resistance of four orders of magnitude compared to that at
room temperature which occurs in a relatively narrow temperature range.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2063
Novel Findings into AIRE Genetics and Functioning: Clinical Implications
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), formerly known as autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, is a paradigm of a monogenic autoimmune disease caused by mutations of a gene, named autoimmune regulator (AIRE). AIRE acts as a transcription regulator that promotes immunological central tolerance by inducing the ectopic thymic expression of many tissue-specific antigens. Although the syndrome is a monogenic disease, it is characterized by a wide variability of the clinical expression with no significant correlation between genotype and phenotype. Indeed, many aspects regarding the exact role of AIRE and APECED pathogenesis still remain unraveled. In the last decades, several studies in APECED and in its mouse experimental counterpart have revealed new insights on how immune system learns self-tolerance. Moreover, novel interesting findings have extended our understanding of AIRE's function and regulation thus improving our knowledge on the pathogenesis of APECED. In this review, we will summarize recent novelties on molecular mechanisms underlying the development of APECED and their clinical implications
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Magnetotransport and magnetic properties of amorphous NdNi 5 thin films
Abstract: NdNi5 is an intermetallic compound with a bulk Curie temperature (TCurie) of 6–13 K. While existing studies have focused on NdNi5 crystals, amorphous thin-films of NdNi5 are potentially important since they would be magnetically soft without magnetocrystalline anisotropy, meaning that small external magnetic fields could reverse the direction of their magnetization. Here, we report NdNi5 thin-films with a thickness in the 5–200 nm range, deposited by DC magnetron sputtering onto Si(100). Films are amorphous with a weak temperature-dependent resistivity with values ranging between 150 and 300 μΩ cm. By means of noise spectroscopy, by analyzing the time-dependence of fluctuation-induced voltages, it is found that at low temperatures the resistance fluctuations are due to the Kondo effect. Volume magnetometry indicates TCurie=70 K with a magnetic coercive field of 30 mT at 5 K for a 125-nm-thick film. The results are promising for the development of Ferromagnet(F)/Superconductor(S)/Ferromagnet(F) pseudo spin-valve devices based on amorphous NdNi5 thin films
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