Exploring the antibiotic resistance profile of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Portugal

While antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels, resistance mechanisms are spreading globally among diverse bacterial species. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, mainly due to the production of antibiotic-inactivating enzymes, is currently responsible for most treatment failures, threatening the effectiveness of classes of antibiotics used for decades. This study assessed the presence of genetic determinants of β-lactam resistance in 102 multi-drug resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae isolates from patients admitted to two central hospitals in northern Portugal from 2010 to 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed a high rate (>90%) of resistance to most β-lactam antibiotics, except for carbapenems and cephamycins, which showed antimicrobial susceptibility rates in the range of 23.5–34.3% and 40.2–68.6%, respectively. A diverse pool of β-lactam resistance genetic determinants, including carbapenemases- (i.e., blaKPC-like and blaOXA-48-like), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL; i.e., blaTEM-like, blaCTX-M-like and blaSHV-like), and AmpC β-lactamases-coding genes (i.e., blaCMY-2-like and blaDHA-like) were found in most K. pneumoniae isolates. blaKPC-like (72.5%) and ESBL genes (37.3–74.5%) were the most detected, with approximately 80% of K. pneumoniae isolates presenting two or more resistance genes. As the optimal treatment of β-lactamase-producing K. pneumoniae infections remains problematic, the high co-occurrence of multiple β-lactam resistance genes must be seen as a serious warning of the problem of antimicrobial resistance.This work was financially supported by: LA/P/0045/2020 (ALiCE), UIDB/00511/2020 and UIDP/00511/2020 (LEPABE), funded by national funds through FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC). This study was also supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of the UIDB/04469/2020 unit, LABELS—Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems—LA/P/0029/2020, Inov4Agro—Associate Laboratory for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability in Agri-Food Production—LA/P/0126/2020, and projects UIDB/04033/2020 and UIDP/04033/2020 (CITAB). The authors also thank FCT for the Ph.D. Fellowship SFRH/BD/138883/2018.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Morphological transition of Helicobacter pylori adapted to water

To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at: www. futuremedicine.com /doi/full/10.2217/fmb-2016-0174.Aim: This study aims to investigate the morphological transition of Helicobacter pylori during adaptation to water. Materials \& methods: Different strains were adapted to water. Changes regarding cultivability and cellular morphology were recorded. Expression of 11 genes involved in H. pylori morphological changes was evaluated by real-time PCR. Results: H. pylori presented increased cultivability in water after adaptation. The permanent loss of the spiral shape was observed, but no transition into coccoid form has occurred. Expression levels of genes involved in peptidoglycan assembly of H. pylori 26695 have shown significant changes between adapted and nonadapted strains. Conclusion: Adaption to water favors the culturable phenotype and the morphological transition to the rod shape, into a process that implicates the peptidoglycan turnover.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the project ‘Heliwater’ (PTDC/BIA-MIC/108811/2008), the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 – Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

BETWEEN RISKS AND PREVENTION: YOUNG UNIVERSITY HEALTH STUDENTS' SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS ABOUT THE HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

Objective: to identify the social representations of young university students in the health area about the Human Papillomavirus and to analyze how they develop risk factors and prevention strategies against this infection.Method: an exploratory and descriptive study based on the Theory of Social Representations and carried out from July 2018 to July 2020 using the Free Word Association Test with 200 students from 14 health areas at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data were analyzed by means of Correspondence Factor Analysis using the Tri-Deux 5.2 program.Results: the university students' representations vary according to gender and sexual orientation. However, they only direct responsibility for prevention of the disease to women.Conclusion: identifying young people's representations about the Human Papillomavirus contributes so that Nursing can devise strategies to face it through the training of these future professionals

Transexualidade e demandas de saúde: representações de graduandos de Enfermagem

Objetivo: Analisar as representações sociais dos graduandos de enfermagem acerca da transexualidade e as demandas de saúde das pessoas transexuais.Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, com 28 graduandos em enfermagem de uma universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro/Brasil. Realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, no período de novembro de 2017 a março de 2018, e análise tipo lexical com auxílio do software Alceste 2012.Resultados: A transexualidade foi representada como uma transgressão, sendo a pessoa transexual objetivada como antinatural por não se identificar com seu sexo biológico. Terapia hormonal e cirurgias de redesignação sexual foram entendidas como as principais demandas, sendo ancoradas numa esfera patologizante e medicalizadora da saúde. A temática não é abordada durante a graduação, gerando despreparo para vida profissional.Considerações finais: Faz-se necessário ampliar as discussões sobre gênero na academia, tendo como propósito a transposição do imperativo da heteronormatividade, para que futuros enfermeiros estejam aparelhados para fornecer um cuidado integral e equânime. Palavras-chave: Pessoas transgênero. Identidade de gênero. Transexualidade. Saúde. Estudantes de enfermagem

Prevalence and control of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli: from diversity in dairy cattle to phage therapy

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains are important foodborne pathogens worldwide, transmitted from ruminant to humans through contaminated food. Their control is still a challenge as most E. coli in nature are commensal and, thus, controlling strategies should target only pathogenic strains/serotypes. Bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) can cope with this challenge by allowing a tailored intervention. We performed an epidemiological study of STEC at 21 milk farms across the Northern region of Portugal and evaluated the potential of bacteriophage therapy to control the well-known O157 STEC serotype. From 409 dairy cattle analyzed, STEC strains were more prevalent in heifers (45 %) than in lactating cows (16 %). STEC isolates with several stx1 and stx2 subtypes were identified and they belonged to 73 different O:H serotypes. Regarding bacteriophage therapy evaluation, an O157-specific phage (CBA120), was tested in vitro and in vivo. The bacteriophage reduced STEC in contaminated ruminant fluids of rumen and intestine (>4 logs) as well as STEC biofilms adhered with intestinal mucosa (>2 logs). Moreover, bacteriophage treatments significantly reduced E. coli O157:H7 numbers (1 log) in artificially contaminated sheep, comparatively with the mockedtreated group. Overall, results suggest the potential use of bacteriophages to control STEC in vivo.This study was supported by project PhageSTEC (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029628) funded by FEDER through COMPETE2020 (Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização) and by National Funds thought FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ENTRE RISCOS E PREVENÇÃO: REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DE JOVENS UNIVERSITÁRIOS DA SAÚDE SOBRE O PAPILOMAVÍRUS HUMANO

Objetivo: identificar as representações sociais de jovens universitários da área da saúde sobre o Papilomavírus Humano e analisar como elaboram os fatores de riscos e as estratégias de prevenção frente a essa infecção.Método: estudo descritivo exploratório, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado com 200 estudantes de 14 áreas da saúde de uma universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro -BR, no período de julho de 2018 a julho de 2020, pelo Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras. Os dados foram analisados por Análise Fatorial de Correspondência pelo programa TriDeux 5.2.Resultados: as representações dos jovens universitários variam de acordo o gênero e orientação sexual. Contudo, direcionam unicamente à mulher a responsabilização pela prevenção da doença.Conclusão: a identificação das representações dos jovens acerca do Papilomavírus Humano contribui para que a enfermagem possa traçar estratégias para seu enfrentamento por meio da formação desses futuros profissionais

ENTRE RIESGOS Y PREVENCIÓN: REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES DE JÓVENES UNIVERSITARIOS DE LA SALUD SOBRE EL VIRUS DEL PAPILOMA HUMANO

Objetivo: identificar las representaciones sociales de jóvenes universitarios del área de la salud sobre el Virus del Papiloma Humano y analizar cómo elaboran los factores de riesgo y las estrategias de prevención para esta infección.Método: estudio descriptivo exploratorio, basado en la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales, realizado con 200 estudiantes de 14 áreas de la salud de una universidad pública de Río de Janeiro, BR, de julio de 2018 a julio de 2020, utilizando el Test de Asociación Libre de Palabras. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el Análisis Factorial de Correspondencia usando el programa TriDeux 5.2.Resultados: las representaciones de los jóvenes universitarios varían según el género y la orientación sexual. Sin embargo, solo le atribuyen la responsabilidad de la prevención de la enfermedad a la mujer.Conclusión: identificar las representaciones de los jóvenes sobre el Virus del Papiloma Humano contribuye a que el área de enfermería diseñe estrategias para enfrentarlo mediante la formación de estos futuros profesionales

Data analysis about Diabetes Mellitus and glycemic control collected from screening and prevention campaigns of Chronic Kidney Disease in a community-based service and education

Pencak silat merupakan budaya tradisional bangsa Indonesia yang masih bertahan hingga saat ini. Pencak silat merupakan budaya yang turun temurun diwarisi dari para leluhur bangsa Indonesia. Pencak silat merupakan ilmu beladiri yang digunakan untuk mempertahankan diri dari musuh dan berperang serta mempertahankan kekuasaan. Dalam Pencak silat ini juga terkandung unsur kepribadian bangsa. Dinegara – negara lain di dunia ini budaya ilmu bela diri seperti contohnya Karate, Kungfu, Taekwondo juga membawa cermin diri dari lingkungan sosial bangsanya. Bangsa Indonesia memiliki beraneka ragam aliran pencak silat yang berkembang selama berabad-abad yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Komunitas persilatan Indonesia membagi perkembangan pencak silat menjadi 4 (empat) period