Marketing Sensorial en el comportamiento de compra hacia la industria restaurantes temáticos, El Salvador.

El presente trabajo fue realizado con el objetivo de identificar y dar a conocer cuáles son las estrategias basadas en el marketing sensorial que se implementan en la actualidad en los restaurantes temáticos en El Salvador y como afectan en las decisiones y el comportamiento del consumidor. El sector restaurante es importante porque influye en el ámbito económico, social y cultural, aporta a los diferentes sectores de la economía como la agricultura, ganadería y pesca, industrias manufactureras, comercio al por mayor y menor, entre otros sectores que muestran potencial y desarrollo para el país, es por ello que se considera importante el estudio de este sector. En El Salvador el crecimiento del rubro de restaurantes y hoteles fue de 5.79% en el año 2018 con respecto al año anterior según el BCR, este incremento se ve reflejado en el aumento de la oferta lo cual representa un reto para los empresarios de este sector, impulsando la utilización de estrategias mercadológicas que ayuden a diferenciarse de la competencia para captar la atención del consumidor. El capítulo uno está conformado por El Marketing Sensorial y Los Sentidos donde se describe la aplicación de la neurociencia en el marketing, la motivación del consumidor y los mecanismos cerebrales, el marketing sensorial aplicado en el marketing mix y el funcionamiento de los sentidos y su importancia en el marketing. El capítulo dos se encuentra La Evolución del Consumidor en el Proceso de Compra donde se describe el nuevo consumidor, cambio en los procesos de compra, nuevos patrones de consumo y el nuevo “buyer” persona de restaurantes temáticos. El capítulo tres está conformado por La Creación de Experiencias en el Proceso de Compra donde se describe como estimular cada uno de los sentidos y como el marketing sensorial es visto como una herramienta de creación de experiencias para el consumidor. En cada uno de los capítulos se contextualiza a la realidad investigada donde se describe un caso em particular para profundizar en el tema específico de los capítulos que conforman la investigación

Fungal volatile organic compounds: emphasis on their plant growth-promoting

Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) commonly formed bioactive interface between plants and countless of microorganisms on the above- and below-ground plant-fungus interactions. Fungal-plant interactions symbolize intriguingly biochemical complex and challenging scenarios that are discovered by metabolomic approaches. Remarkably secondary metabolites (SMs) played a significant role in the virulence and existence with plant-fungal pathogen interaction; only 25% of the fungal gene clusters have been functionally identified, even though these numbers are too low as compared with plant secondary metabolites. The current insights on fungal VOCs are conducted under lab environments and to apply small numbers of microbes; its molecules have significant effects on growth, development, and defense system of plants. Many fungal VOCs supported dynamic processes, leading to countless interactions between plants, antagonists, and mutualistic symbionts. The fundamental role of fungal VOCs at field level is required for better understanding, so more studies will offer further constructive scientific evidences that can show the cost-effectiveness of ecofriendly and ecologically produced fungal VOCs for crop welfare

Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Properties of Ga Doped and Ag Doped ZnO Nanorods for Water Treatment

Water contamination is a worldwide concerning problem. Emerging contaminants have made conventional water treatment processes ineffective. This makes the search for new materials with improved physical-chemical properties for water treatment an urgent necessity. Doping metal oxides nanostructures can improve the photocatalytic degradation of contaminants and the antimicrobial activity of the material. During this process, water treatment not only involves the degradation of toxic pollutants, but also the elimination of virus and bacteria. Then, it is important to study not only the effect of a dopant in a material as photocatalyst but also the effect in its antimicrobial properties. In this work ZnO nanorods, Ga doped ZnO nanorods and Ag doped ZnO nanorods are synthesized and supported in polyethylene by a fast-hydrothermal microwave heating synthesis. Their photocatalytic performance and antimicrobial properties for water treatment were evaluated. Experiments show that Ag and Ga can improve the photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of ZnO nanorods; the relationship between doping concentrations, with both the toxicity effect of the nanorods toward bacteria and the nanorods photocatalytic performance, is shown

Effect of reaction parameters on WOx nanostructures by the solvothermal process

In this work, nanowires and nanorods of WOx have been synthesized by the solvothermal method. The effect of reaction time and acetic acid as solvent were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the monoclinic WO2.72, WO2.79, and orthorhombic WO3 crystalline structures. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electronic Microscopy (HRTEM) images presented nanostructures such as nanowires and nanorods at different sizes. Band gap energies were supplied by Ultra Violet visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra. The Photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibited three emission peaks in the blue zone at 440, 460, and 484 nm. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was used to calculate W6+, W5+, and W4+ oxidation states. The results showed that increasing the reaction time from 10 h to 24 h affected the crystalline structure from monoclinic to orthorhombic. Moreover, with the addition of acetic acid as solvent, the crystal structure is not affected but stabilizes the monoclinic phase in the course of time

Single ZnO Nanowire-Based Gas Sensors to Detect Low Concentrations of Hydrogen

Low concentrations of hazardous gases are difficult to detect with common gas sensors. Using semiconductor nanostructures as a sensor element is an alternative. Single ZnO nanowire gas sensor devices were fabricated by manipulation and connection of a single nanowire into a four-electrode aluminum probe in situ in a dual-beam scanning electron microscope-focused ion beam with a manipulator and a gas injection system in/column. The electrical response of the manufactured devices shows response times up to 29 s for a 121 ppm of H2 pulse, with a variation in the nanowire resistance appreciable at room temperature and at 373.15 K of approximately 8% and 14% respectively, showing that ZnO nanowires are good candidates to detect low concentrations of H2

Mechanisms associated to apoptosis of cancer cells by phenolic extracts from two canned common beans varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Two varieties of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), Bayo Victoria and Negro 8025, were evaluated to determine the effect on cellular viability and mechanisms involved in apoptosis pathways, using a cellular model with HT-29 cells. Aqueous methanolic (50:50) extracts from cooked beans were analyzed for phenolic composition, identifying greater diversity of phenolic compounds in Bayo Victoria extracts. However, Negro 8025 showed greater phenolic content and cytotoxicity effects at lower media inhibitory concentrations, and greater effectiveness to activate apoptotic pathways. Proteins related to the arrest of cell cycle were modulated by both bean cultivars. Qualitative analysis by HPLC-PAD and HPLC-MS systems of phenolic compounds in common bean extracts showed mainly hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonols, and monomeric flavan-3-ols. Bioactive phenolics such as catechin, kaempferol, and ferulic acid were found in both cultivars as well anticancer phytochemicals such as quercetin, protocatechuic acid, myricetin, naringenin and their derivatives, and procyanidins.This work was financially supported by the Tecnológico Nacional de Mexico (TecNM) (Project grant No. 5737.16‐P). We acknowledge to the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) for the analytical equipment acquired by means of two project grants (No. 253333 and 224651). Author RLB also recognizes graduate scholarship from CONACyT.Peer reviewe