Zielony marketing: etyczne i ekologiczne podejście do zrównoważonego biznesu

Green Marketing is not a novel concept in the field of marketing. The American Marketing Association designates green marketing as an essential tool of marketing that promotes environmentally friendly products. In line with this thought, the present study attempts to show that green marketing practices entail the core elements of sustainability i.e., social responsibility, environmental concern and economic growth that reinforce in promoting sustainable development. Besides, it also argues that though there are many overarching implications and challenges in green marketing practices yet it substantially contributes in attaining sustainable development goals by incorporating ethical standards in all of its operational antecedents. This study therefore incorporates the notion of transgenerational ethics of Kant’s Categorical Imperative in green marketing approach. In doing so, it would serve as a guiding forum to the contemporary marketers primarily to prevent the absolute anthropocentrism and pragmatically engage the interests of society, economy and environment equitably by inculcating ethical practices in daily phenomena. At the corollary, the argument shows that the imperative of ethics in green marketing would be an ethical and anti-environmental resilient approach for ensuring sustainable business.Zielony Marketing nie jest nową koncepcją w dziedzinie marketingu. Amerykańskie Stowarzyszenie Marketingu określa zielony marketing jako podstawowe narzędzie marketingu promującego produkty przyjazne dla środowiska. Zgodnie z tą myślą niniejsze badanie próbuje pokazać, że praktyki zielonego marketingu obejmują podstawowe elementy zrównoważonego rozwoju, tj. odpowiedzialność społeczną, troskę o środowisko i wzrost gospodarczy, które wzmacniają promowanie zrównoważonego rozwoju. Poza tym argumentuje również, że chociaż istnieje wiele nadrzędnych implikacji i wyzwań związanych z zielonymi praktykami marketingowymi, to jednak znacząco przyczyniają się one do osiągnięcia Celów zrównoważonego rozwoju poprzez włączenie standardów etycznych do wszystkich swoich poprzedników operacyjnych. Niniejsze opracowanie uwzględnia zatem pojęcie etyki międzypokoleniowej imperatywu kategorycznego Kanta w podejściu do zielonego marketingu. W ten sposób służy jako przewodnik dla współczesnych marketerów przede wszystkim po to, by zapobiegać absolutnemu antropocentryzmowi i pragmatycznie sprawiedliwie angażować interesy społeczeństwa, gospodarki i środowiska poprzez wpajanie etycznych praktyk w codzienne zjawiska. W następstwie imperatyw etyki w zielonym marketingu może być zarazem etycznym i ekologicznym podejściem do zapewnienia zrównoważonego biznesu

Launch disasters in Bangladesh: a geographical study

Bangladesh is a riverine country and communication by waterways is of great importance especially in the southern region of the country. From Chandpur southwards, waterway is the only means of transport and so a large number of people has to travel by motor launches in the coastal areas and inland. Since the early 1950's, motor launch services have become popular and in the period 1997-98 there were 1,853 registered launches operating 227 routes. But this important mode is ridden with tragic disasters every year, incurring a heavy toll of human lives. Since 1977, there were 248 motor launch accidents recorded by BIWTA (Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority) with a loss of 2,309 1ives, 374 persons injured and 208 persons missing. This paper attempts to roughly trace out the causes and the geographical distribution of the accidents through an analysis of a time series data covering the period between 1977 and 2000. It was found that the most frequent type or cause of launch accidents was collision, followed by foundering and overloading. The least frequent accident types were due to under-water currents, shoals, leaning electricity poles and country boats travelling without lights at night and manned by untrained operators, followed by cyclones. Interestingly, overcrowding did not seem to be the most typical of launch disasters in the countr

Gender (In)equality and Discrimination In The Readymade Garments Sector Of Bangladesh: Is The Experience Of The (Female) Office Workers Overshadowed By The Experience Of The Factory Workers?

Master's ThesisGLODE36

Religious Identity, Ideology, and Dilemma of Bangladeshi Muslims in Atlanta

My thesis will analyze the religious life of Bangladeshi Muslims in Atlanta, Georgia. Previous research recognized a significant clash between secular nationalistic ideology and Islamic ideology in Bangladesh and elsewhere; therefore, this research focuses on Atlanta’s Bangladeshi Muslims’ identity and ideology regarding secularism and Islamism. Previous literature reveals the fact that some terms about Muslims like fundamentalist, extremist, and revivalist are intermingled with terrorism and radicalism; Muslims are identified based on these terms and concepts. This paper also examines the fear of Islam in America and how this fear impacts Bangladeshi Muslims in Atlanta. This research will focus on the ideology and identity of Bangladeshi Muslim in their religious life. It will analyze the conflicts, clashes, threats, inner conflicts and dilemmas of Bangladeshi Muslims regarding Islam while dealing with a two-way fear that I possess as a Muslim; I bear a fear of Islamist terrorist attack and a fear of being a Muslim in America. Therefore, it considers how America treats Muslims and Islam as a religion, and how the life of Bangladeshi Muslims in Atlanta is impacted. The research is based upon several interviews with Bangladeshi Muslims in the Atlanta area, participation observations, and my experiences as a Bangladeshi Muslim

Novel Materials and Devices for Terahertz Detection and Emission for Sensing, Imaging and Communication

Technical advancement is required to attain a high data transmission rate, which entails expanding beyond the currently available bandwidth and establishing a new standard for the highest data rates, which mandates a higher frequency range and larger bandwidth. The THz spectrum (0.1-10 THz) has been considered as an emerging next frontier for the future 5G and beyond technology. THz frequencies also offer unique characteristics, such as penetrating most dielectric materials like fabric, plastic, and leather, making them appealing for imaging and sensing applications. Therefore, employing a high-power room temperature, tunable THz emitters, and a high responsivity THz detector is essential. Dyakonov-theory Shur\u27s was applied in this dissertation to achieve tunable THz detection and emission by plasma waves in high carrier density channels of field-effect devices. The first major contribution of this dissertation is developing graphene-based THz plasmonics detector with high responsivity. An upside-down free-standing graphene in a field effect transistor based resonant room temperature THz detector device with significantly improved mobility and gate control has been presented. The highest achieved responsivity is ~3.1kV/W, which is more than 10 times higher than any THz detector reported till now. The active region is predominantly single-layer graphene with multi-grains, even though the fabricated graphene THz detector has the highest responsivity. The challenges encountered during the fabrication and measurement of the graphene-based detector have been described, along with a strategy to overcome them while preserving high graphene mobility. In our new design, a monolayer of hBN underneath the graphene layer has been deposited to increase the mobility and electron concentration rate further. We also investigated the diamond-based FETs for their potential characteristics as a THz emitters and detectors. Diamond\u27s wide bandgap, high breakdown field, and high thermal conductivity attributes make it a potential semiconductor material for high voltage, high power, and high-temperature operation. Diamond is a good choice for THz and sub-THz applications because of its high optical phonon scattering and high momentum relaxation time. Numerical and analytical studies of diamond materials, including p-diamond and n-diamond materials, are presented, indicating their effectiveness as a prospective contender for high temperature and high power-based terahertz applications These detectors are expected to be a strong competitor for future THz on-chip applications due to their high sensitivity, low noise, tunability, compact size, mobility, faster response time, room temperature operation, and lower cost. Furthermore, when plasma wave instabilities are induced with the proper biasing, the same devices can be employed as THz emitters, which are expected to have a higher emission power. Another key contribution is developing a method for detecting counterfeit, damaged, forged, or defective ICs has been devised utilizing a new non-destructive and unobtrusive terahertz testing approach to address the crucial point of hardware cybersecurity and system reliability. The response of MMICs, VLSI, and ULSIC to incident terahertz and sub-terahertz radiation at the circuit pins are measured and analyzed using deep learning. More sophisticated terahertz response profiles and signatures of specific ICs can be created by measuring a more significant number of pins under different frequencies, polarizations, and depth of focus. The proposed method has no effect on ICs operation and could provide precise ICs signatures. The classification process between the secure and unsecure ICs images has been explained using data augmentation and transfer learning-based convolution neural network with ~98% accuracy. A planar nanomatryoshka type core-shell resonator with hybrid toroidal moments is shown both experimentally and analytically, allowing unique characteristics to be explored. This resonator may be utilized for accurate sensing, immunobiosensing, quick switching, narrow-band filters, and other applications

Programming Of Muscle Activity In Arm Movements In Relation To Force Requirements

Analysis of the relationship between movement kinematics and muscle activity is a widely used approach for understanding how the nervous system formulates motor commands to produce movements. In planar single joint movements, phasic muscle activity is highly correlated with specific kinematic variables. Such correlations have not proven to be as direct in complex movements. The rules used by the nervous system in movement coordination are thus poorly understood. The purpose of this study was first, to examine kinematics, dynamics and electromyographic (EMG) activity during single and two-joint arm movements to discern the common planning strategies between these movements; and second, to gain insight into the variables used in planning complex movements.;In single joint movements made in the vertical plane, all movements were characterized by time symmetric velocity profiles. Gravitational loading directly influenced muscle activity. This suggests that basic patterns of muscle activation are modulated in relation to external forces. In two-joint planar movements involving the wrist and elbow joints, the selection of muscle activation patterns at the wrist was dependent on the relative magnitude and direction of elbow reaction torques, in relation to wrist motion. Elbow joint movement is therefore an important consideration in planning wrist movement. The details of the actual wrist trajectory may not be specifically planned, but emerges from the integration of basic patterns of activity with the dynamic interaction between joints.;The influence of visual feedback information on movement coordination was also examined. Visual feedback of the endpoint targets as well as the subject\u27s endpoint limb position, were presented in a range of concrete to abstract representations. Changes were observed in the timing relationship between the two joints, and in the EMG patterns, in relation to visual feedback conditions.;Thus, in selecting the level and pattern of muscle activity of the distal joint during a two-joint movement, the nervous system requires information about the amplitude of the desired distal movement, and the magnitude and direction of acceleration of the proximal joint. Inter-joint coordination will further be influenced by the nature of visual feedback information

Characterization of chromosomal translocations in a group of killifish species by using genome-wide high-density SNP mapping approach

The role of chromosomal rearrangements in reproductive isolation and introgression between species is poorly understood. In heterozygous form, rearrangements may directly interrupt meiotic progression leading to partial sterility/subfertility (underdominance) or may suppress local meiotic segregation (recombination suppression). Such unbalanced meiotic segregation may also result in reproductive isolation and play roles as a driving force of speciation. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the pattern of chromosomal rearrangements in two closely related killifish species in the genus Fundulus (F. notatus, and F. olivaceus) by constructing genetic linkage maps using high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Markers associated with Robertsonian (Rb) translocations in F. notatus were generated by high-throughput genotyping-by sequencing (GBS) method and intra-specific SNPs were aligned to contigs in a reference F. olivaceus genome. This SNP-based mapping approach revealed 24 linkage groups (LGs) in F. olivaceus and 20 LGs in F. notatus including four Rb fusions (corresponding to chromosomes). We also found strong homology at the LG level between our maps and a previously constructed F. heteroclitus linkage map. Finally, using these maps and GBS-SNP data, we compared patterns of hybridization and introgression between populations of F. olivaceus and F. notatus from two natural hybrid zones. We observed weak prezygotic isolation, but stronger post-zygotic isolation between karyotypically different populations, which indicated multiple chromosomal fusions in F. notatus might have influenced reproductive viability of F1 hybrids, promoting reproductive isolation between these two species --Abstract, page iii

Fabrication of Solar Absorber Tube with Internal Fin Structure with IN718 and Effect of Boron with IN718 for Solar Absorber Tube Using Selective Laser Melting 3D Printing Technology

This research aimed to fabricate Solar Absorber Tubes for Solar-Thermal Power Plant with internal fin structures using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology. In this study, we investigated the effect of B with IN718 in 3D printing using SLM for solar absorber tubes. The objective was to study the material-process-properties relationship with goal to identify and validate the optimal parameters for the SLM process. Material selected for this study was IN718 with 0.5% and 1% B particle mixed using a V-shape mixing machine. The flowability test was conducted using the Angle of Repose (AOR) method. 3D printed samples were fabricated with mixed powder under different energy densities using different parameter settings. The microstructure of these 3D printed samples was observed using an Optical Microscope. The goal of this study included mixing different percentages of B with In718, fabrication of 3D printed sample and optimizing its process parameters to observe the surface morphology, optical properties, and microstructure to investigate the effect of B with IN718 for the solar absorber tube