Escrita da História, memória e cibercultura: considerações sobre os espaços de memória virtuais na Wikipédia

Neste artigo, temos por objetivo examinar asconexõesentre o discurso historiográfico e a constituição de espaços de memória virtuais no contexto da cibercultura. Para tanto, estabelecemos uma análise do verbete “Impeachment de Dilma Rousseff” na Wikipédia Lusófona, compreendendo como o processo de desmediatização gera o compartilhamento do ciberespaço entre historiadores profissionais e outras formas de produção e difusão de escritas da História.In this article, our aim is to examine the connections between historiographical discourse and the constitution of virtual memory spaces within the context of cyberculture. To do so, we establish an analysis of the entry 'Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff' on the Lusophone Wikipedia, understanding how the process of demediatization fosters the sharing of cyberspace between professional historians and other forms of production and dissemination of historical writings

Câncer de próstata: conhecimentos e interferências na promoção e prevenção da doença

The article aimed to describe the men’s perception about prostate cancer and related prevention factors. This is a qualitative community trial type study. Three meetings were held in the form of a focus group, composed of 60 men aged over 40 years old, addressing the topic of prostate cancer. In order to analyze the qualitative data, thematic content analysis was performed and the data were organized in the software - Atlas Ti. The results were referenced in the objectives of this study and emphasized into categories. The data showed that there is still a physical and social barrier to overcome with male stigmas, and there is a lack of knowledge about the prevention of this cancer. The increase in the availability of diagnostic tests, agility in care, and differentiated schedules for workers are some of the efficient strategies to attract this population to the prevention of prostate cancer.  El artículo objetivó describir la percepción de los hombres sobre el cáncer de próstata y los factores de prevención relacionados. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo del tipo de ensayo comunitario. Se realizaron tres reuniones en forma de grupo focal, compuesto por 60 hombres con rango de edad superior a 40 años, abordando el tema del cáncer de próstata. Para el análisis de los datos cualitativos se realizó el análisis de contenido temático y los datos fueron organizados en el software - Atlas Ti. Los resultados fueron referenciados en los objetivos de este estudio y enfatizados en categorías. Los datos evidenciaron que todavía hay una barrera física y social a ser superada ante los estigmas masculinos, y existe una carencia de conocimiento sobre la prevención de este cáncer. El aumento de la oferta de exámenes diagnósticos, agilidad en la atención, horarios diferenciados para los trabajadores son algunas de las estrategias eficientes para atraer a esta población para la prevención del cáncer de próstata.O artigo objetivou descrever a percepção dos homens sobre o câncer de próstata e os fatores de prevenção relacionados. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo do tipo ensaio comunitário. Foram realizadas três reuniões em forma de grupo focal, composto por 60 homens com faixa etária superior a 40 anos, abordando o tema do câncer de próstata. Para a análise dos dados qualitativos foi realizada a análise de conteúdo temática e os dados foram organizados no software – Atlas Ti. Os resultados foram referenciados nos objetivos deste estudo e enfatizados em categorias. Os dados evidenciaram que ainda há uma barreira física e social a ser ultrapassada diante dos estigmas masculinos, e existe uma carência de conhecimento sobre a prevenção deste câncer. O aumento da oferta de exames diagnósticos, agilidade no atendimento, horários diferenciados para os trabalhadores são algumas das estratégias eficientes para atrair esta população para a prevenção do câncer de próstata

Overweight in university students: a comparative study between academics of different courses and genders

Introduction: Overweight (OW) is a serious public health problem. Among university students, unhealthy lifestyle may favor increased of PE levels. Aim: To evaluate the body mass index (BMI) and verify the prevalence of OW in university students of different courses and genders. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 172 volunteers (27.6 +/- 8.6 years), 76 women (26.1 +/- 7.7 years) and 96 men (28.7 +/- 9.2 years) enrolled regularly follow courses: Law (DIR), Physical Education (EF), Logistics (LOG), Engineering (ENG), Human Resources (RH) and Administration (ADM). All volunteers completed a questionnaire to identify physical exercise and were submitted to BMI assessment. Results: The study showed the prevalence of PE among university students, in their respective genders and courses, being women (38.1%) and men (54.2%). The individual analysis by course revealed the following PE prevalence: RH (60%), ENG (53.6%), DIR (49.1%), EF (43.9%), LOG (33.3%) and ADM (30.8%). Conclusion: High rates of OW were observed in the general sample (47.1%), and men presented higher indices. The RH and ADM courses presented higher and lower prevalence of OW, respectively. In physical exercise practitioners, the prevalence of OW was slightly lower, suggesting that diet is the most influential factor in controlling body weight.Introdução: O excesso de peso (EP) é um grave problema de saúde pública. Dentre universitários, o estilo de vida pouco saudável pode favorecer o aumento dos níveis de EP. Objetivo: Avaliar o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e verificar a prevalência de EP em universitários de diferentes cursos e sexos. Métodos: Estudo transversal com a participação de 172 (27,6 ± 8,6 anos) universitários voluntários, sendo 76 mulheres (26,1 ± 7,7 anos) e 96 homens (28,7 ± 9,2 anos) matriculados regularmente nos cursos de Educação Física (EF), Direito (DIR), Logística (LOG), Engenharia (ENG), Recursos Humanos (RH) e Administração (ADM). Todos os voluntários preencheram um questionário para identificação da prática de exercícios físicos e foram submetidos à avaliação do IMC. Resultados: O estudo apresentou a prevalência de EP entre os universitários, nos seus respectivos gêneros e cursos, sendo mulheres (38,1%) e homens (54,2%). A análise individual por curso revelou as seguintes prevalência de EP: RH (60%), ENG (53,6%), DIR (49,1%), EF (43,9%), LOG (33,3%) e ADM (30,8%). Conclusão: Constataram-se altas taxas de EP na amostra geral (47,1%), sendo que os homens apresentaram maiores índices. Os cursos de RH e ADM apresentaram maior e menor prevalência de EP, respectivamente. Nos praticantes de exercício físico, a prevalência de EP foi ligeiramente menor, sugerindo a dieta como maior fator influente no controle do peso corporal.Fac Praia Grande, Fac Educ Fis, Praia Grande, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Temporal patterns of cytokine and injury biomarkers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with methylprednisolone

BackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with complex pathophysiological effects in various organ systems. Following the COVID-19, there are shifts in biomarker and cytokine equilibrium associated with altered physiological processes arising from viral damage or aggressive immunological response. We hypothesized that high daily dose methylprednisolone improved the injury biomarkers and serum cytokine profiles in COVID-19 patients.MethodsInjury biomarker and cytokine analysis was performed on 50 SARS-Cov-2 negative controls and 101 hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients: 49 methylprednisolone-treated (MP group) and 52 placebo-treated serum samples. Samples from the treated groups collected on days D1 (pre-treatment) all the groups, D7 (2 days after ending therapy) and D14 were analyzed. Luminex assay quantified the biomarkers HMGB1, FABP3, myoglobin, troponin I and NTproBNP. Immune mediators (CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL9, CXCL10, TNF, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-12p70, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, and IL-1β) were quantified using cytometric bead array.ResultsAt pretreatment, the two treatment groups were comparable demographically. At pre-treatment (D1), injury biomarkers (HMGB1, TnI, myoglobin and FABP3) were distinctly elevated. At D7, HMGB1 was significantly higher in the MP group (p=0.0448) compared to the placebo group, while HMGB1 in the placebo group diminished significantly by D14 (p=0.0115). Compared to healthy control samples, several immune mediators (IL-17A, IL-6, IL-10, MIG, MCP-1, and IP-10) were considerably elevated at baseline (all p≤0.05). At D7, MIG and IP-10 of the MP-group were significantly lower than in the placebo-group (p=0.0431, p=0.0069, respectively). Longitudinally, IL-2 (MP-group) and IL-17A (placebo-group) had increased significantly by D14. In placebo group, IL-2 and IL-17A continuously increased, as IL-12p70, IL-10 and IP-10 steadily decreased during follow-up. The MP treated group had IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-17A and IL-12p70 progressively increase while IL-1β and IL-10 gradually decreased towards D14. Moderate to strong positive correlations between chemokines and cytokines were observed on D7 and D14.ConclusionThese findings suggest MP treatment could ameliorate levels of myoglobin and FABP3, but appeared to have no impact on HMGB1, TnI and NTproBNP. In addition, methylprednisolone relieves the COVID-19 induced inflammatory response by diminishing MIG and IP-10 levels. Overall, corticosteroid (methylprednisolone) use in COVID-19 management influences the immunological molecule and injury biomarker profile in COVID-19 patients

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

A TESSITURA DA TEIA Caminhos e descaminhos nos Sertões do Macacu – Século XVIII

O presente artigo trata de aspectos relacionados aos Sertões do Macacu, na capitania do Rio de Janeiro, na segunda metade do século XVIII, objeto de pesquisa de minha tese de doutoramento, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Salgado de Oliveira. Através de acesso a um novo conjunto de fontes voltadas para essa região, o texto aborda sobre medidas de contenção de contrabando de ouro, além da constituição do “Caminho de Macacu”, o qual, em conjunto com o Caminho Velho”, por Paraty (RJ) e o Caminho Novo, por Petrópolis (RJ), integrava os acessos a Minas Gerais. O texto também traz um caso de controle de contrabando nesses Sertões através de um caso em particular

Ocupação e estrutura fundiária em Macacu e Guapiaçu: a família Muros no século XVII

The text intends to analyze the process of occupation of the Region of Cachoeiras de Macacu, more specifically, the locality of Guapiaçu during the seventeenth century. For this, it follows the trajectory of the Muros family, one of its most relevant in social, political and economic terms and that maintained family connections in other regional centers in the captaincy of Rio de Janeiro and outside it. To search this family, we sought, in various documentation, the use of the onomastic method, allowing the identification of its permanence in the power structures in the region, as well as its strategies to insert itself and remain in the elite of local and regional society of Rio de Janeiro.O texto pretende analisar o processo de ocupação da região de Cachoeiras de Macacu, mais especificamente, a localidade de Guapiaçu durante o século XVII. Para isso, segue a trajetória da família Muros, uma de suas mais relevantes em termos social, político e econômico e que mantinha ligações familiares em outros núcleos regionais na capitania do Rio de Janeiro e fora dela. Para perscrutar esta família, buscou-se, em variadas documentações, a utilização do método onomástico, permitindo a identificação de sua permanência nas estruturas de poder na região, bem como suas estratégias para se inserir e se manter na elite da sociedade local e regional do Rio de Janeiro