Stories recycleres, smiles pickers

O artigo tem por objetivo compartilhar a experiência da organização de uma exposição fotográfica realizada com catadores/as de resíduos sólidos da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, RS. As pessoas em geral não conhecem o trabalho realizado pelo catador/a e também não associa a sua atividade como algo digno, que gere renda e que possibilite qualidade de vida e inclusão social. Os/As catadores/as são sujeitos invisibilizados pela sociedade e estigmatizados pelo trabalho que realizam com o ‘lixo’. Para a organização da exposição, convidou-se um fotógrafo voluntário que registrou o trabalho realizado em quatro cooperativas de reciclagem pós-consumo. Com as imagens selecionadas pela equipe a exposição foi constituída. O sucesso com o público, evidenciado por meio do número e da reação dos visitantes, da aprovação dos/as catadores/as, bem como a sua apresentação em diversos espaços como empresas, escolas e eventos, podem ser indicativos do resultado positivo da exposição.The article aims to share the experience of holding a photographic exhibition held with solid waste collectors in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, RS. People generally do not know the work of the pickers and also does not associate your activity as something worthy, which generates income and that allows the quality of life and social inclusion. The pickers are people rendered invisible by society and stigmatized for their work with ‘waste’. For the organization of the exhibition was invited a volunteer photographer who took photos in four post-consumer recycling cooperatives. The exposure was made with the images selected by the authors. The success with the public, evidenced by the number and the reaction of visitors, the approval of the pickers as well as their presentation in various spaces such as businesses, schools, and events, may be indicative of the positive outcome of the exposition

Molecular phylogeny of the Myzorhynchella Section of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) (Diptera: Culicidae): genetic support for recently described and resurrected species

Phylogenetic relationships among species of the Myzorhynchella Section of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were investigated using the nuclear ribosomal DNA second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2), the nuclear whitegene and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) regions. The recently described Anopheles pristinus and resurrected Anopheles guarani were also included in the study. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses found Anopheles parvus to be the most distantly related species within the Section, a finding that is consistent with morphology. An. pristinus and An. guarani were clearly resolved from Anopheles antunesi and Anopheles lutzii, respectively. An. lutzii collected in the same mountain range as the type locality were found within a strongly supported clade, whereas individuals from the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, tentatively identified as An. lutzii based on adult female external morphology, were distinct from An. lutzii, An. antunesi and from each other, and may therefore represent two new sympatric species. A more detailed examination of An. lutzii sensu latoalong its known geographic range is recommended to resolve these anomalous relationships.FAPESPCNP

New records and epidemiological potential of certain species of mosquito (Diptera, Culicidae) in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

INTRODUÇÃO: A vigilância entomológica tem se mostrado uma importante estratégia de monitoramento da fauna de culicídeos com vistas a predizer o risco de exposição a espécies vetoras de patógenos. Esse trabalho apresenta uma lista de mosquitos identificados pela primeira vez no Rio Grande do Sul e discute o potencial epidemiológico de algumas espécies ocorrentes no Município de Maquiné com registros em outras regiões do Estado. MÉTODOS: Os mosquitos foram coletados com aspirador de Nasci e armadilhas CDC, entre dezembro de 2006 e dezembro de 2008, em área silvestre, rural e urbana do Município de Maquiné. RESULTADOS: Foram verificadas 55 espécies, das quais 22 são registradas pela primeira vez no estado e 10 são potencialmente vetoras do vírus Saint Louis, Oropouche, Aura, Trocara, Ilhéus, Rocio, Una, West Nile e encefalite equina do leste. CONCLUSÕES: Esses dados demonstram a importância da Vigilância Entomológica como ferramenta de informação e ação para a Vigilância em Saúde.INTRODUCTION: Entomological surveillance has proven to be an important strategy for monitoring culicidae fauna, aimed at predicting the risk of exposure to pathogen vector species. The present work reports species identified for the first time in the State Rio Grande do Sul and discusses the epidemiological potential displayed by mosquito species occurring in Maquiné municipality and in other regions of the State. METHODS: Mosquitoes were collected with Nasci vacuum and CDC light traps between December 2006 and December 2008, in the wild, rural and urban areas of Maquiné. RESULTS: Fifty-five species were verified, of which 22 were registered for the first time in the state and 10 are potential vector species for the Saint Louis, Oropouche, Aura, Trocara, Ilhéus, Rocio, Una, West Nile, and eastern equine encephalitis viruses. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the importance of entomological surveillance as a tool for gathering information and promoting Health Surveillance actions.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Técnico e Científico (CNPq

Reemergence of human malaria in Atlantic Forest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Unforeseen Plasmodium infections in the Atlantic Forest of Brazilian Extra-Amazonian region could jeopardise malaria elimination. A human malaria case was registered in Três Forquilhas, in the Atlantic Forest biome of Rio Grande do Sul, after a 45 years’ time-lapsed without any malaria autochthonous notification in this southern Brazilian state. This finding represents the expansion of the malaria distribution areas in Brazil and the southernmost human malaria case record in South America in this decade. The coexistence of the bromeliad-breeding vector Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii and non-human primates in the Atlantic Forest regularly visited by the patient claimed for the zoonotic origin of this infection. The reemergence of Atlantic Forest human malaria in Rio Grande do Sul was also discussed

Synthesizing the connections between environmental disturbances and zoonotic spillover

Zoonotic spillover is a phenomenon characterized by the transfer of pathogens between different animal species. Most human emerging infectious diseases originate from non-human animals, and human-related environmental disturbances are the driving forces of the emergence of new human pathogens. Synthesizing the sequence of basic events involved in the emergence of new human pathogens is important for guiding the understanding, identifi cation, and description of key aspects of human activities that can be changed to prevent new outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. This review synthesizes the connections between environmental disturbances and increased risk of spillover events based on the One Health perspective. Anthropogenic disturbances in the environment (e.g., deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity loss, wildlife exploitation) lead to changes in ecological niches, reduction of the dilution effect, increased contact between humans and other animals, changes in the incidence and load of pathogens in animal populations, and alterations in the abiotic factors of landscapes. These phenomena can increase the risk of spillover events and, potentially, facilitate new infectious disease outbreaks. Using Brazil as a study model, this review brings a discussion concerning anthropogenic activities in the Amazon region and their potential impacts on spillover risk and spread of emerging diseases in this region

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Entomological surveillance of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) as a strategy of the Health Environmental Surveillance in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil

Introdução: O estudo dos insetos em virtude da nocividade ou benefício que oferecem ao homem é objeto da entomologia aplicada. No Brasil, a incorporação da entomologia pela saúde pública vem ocorrendo de forma gradual até os dias de hoje. A vigilância entomológica surge como uma ferramenta que possibilita sistematizar informações sobre os insetos, com a finalidade de conhecer aspectos biológicos e ecológicos que permitam definir o papel vetorial, predizer o risco de exposição da população humana aos vetores e fornecer bases técnicas para ações de controle das espécies de interesse. Embora existam meios legais para tornar a Vigilância Entomológica uma prática contínua e abrangente, essa ainda não é uma realidade no Rio Grande do Sul. Objetivo: Demonstrar a importância da entomologia em saúde pública, através das práticas de Vigilância Entomológica de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae), vinculadas à rotina da Vigilância Ambiental em Saúde. Métodos: Entre dezembro de 2006 e dezembro de 2008 foram realizados estudos mensais, abordando aspectos ecológicos da fauna em uma área de Mata Atlântica do litoral norte do Estado, empregando armadilhas CDC e aspirador de Nasci. Em novembro de 2008, no noroeste, foram realizadas investigações entomológicas em áreas com circulação de vírus da febre amarela, utilizando rede entomológica associada a aspirador tipo frasco e, em julho de 2006, ações de monitoramento do vírus do Nilo Ocidental em refúgio de aves migratórias no sul do Estado, com uso de aspirador de Nasci. Resultados: O trabalho possibilitou detectar 23 novos registros de mosquitos para o Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas continuadas mostraram uma distribuição sazonal das espécies, sendo o período de outubro a maio o mais indicado para atividades de levantamento e monitoramento da fauna. O papel vetorial de Haemagogus leucocelaenus foi comprovado já que o vírus da febre amarela foi novamente detectado nessa espécie. Outra importante contribuição foi o primeiro isolamento do vírus da febre amarela em Aedes serratus, sugerindo o papel dessa espécie como 5 vetor secundário do vírus. Conclusões: A Vigilância Entomológica forneceu informações e indicadores que ampliam as perspectivas sobre a capacidade e competência vetorial de algumas espécies de mosquitos do Rio Grande do Sul, evidenciando a importância dessa ferramentaIntroduction: The study of insects, due to the damage or benefit they give to humans, is an object of applied entomology. In Brazil, the incorporation of entomology by public health has been occurring gradually until today. The Entomological Surveillance appears as a tool that provides the organization of information about the insects, aiming to know biological and ecological aspects that allow the definition of the role of vectors, the prediction of the risk of exposure of the human population to the vectors, and the provision of technical foundation in the control of key species. Although there are legal ways to turn the Entomological Surveillance in a continuous and broad practice, this is not real in Rio Grande do Sul. Objective: To demonstrate the importance of the entomology in public health through the practice of Entomological Surveillance of mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae), linked to the routine of the Health Environmental Surveillance. Methods: Between December 2006 and December 2008 systematic studies were carried out and focused on ecological aspects of the fauna in an Atlantic Forest area on the north coast of the state, using CDC traps and Nasci vacuum. In November 2008, in the northwestern region, entomological investigations were performed in areas with circulation of the yellow fever virus, using an entomological net associated with a bottle-type vacuum. In July 2006, monitoring of the West Nile virus in a refuge of migratory birds was carried out using a Nasci vacuum. Results: The study promoted the detection of 23 new records of mosquitoes for Rio Grande do Sul State. Systematic sampling demonstrated a seasonal distribution of the species, with the period between October and May adequate to activities related to fauna surveying and monitoring. The role of Haemagogus leucocelaenus as a vector was demonstrated since the yellow fever virus was again detected in this species. Another important contribution was the discovery of the first isolate of the virus in Aedes serratus, suggesting a role of this 7 species as secondary vector of the virus. Conclusions: The Entomological Surveillance gave information and indicators that broadened perspectives on the vector capacity and competency of determined mosquito species in Rio Grande do Sul, highlighting the importance of this too