Models for the modern power grid

This article reviews different kinds of models for the electric power grid that can be used to understand the modern power system, the smart grid. From the physical network to abstract energy markets, we identify in the literature different aspects that co-determine the spatio-temporal multilayer dynamics of power system. We start our review by showing how the generation, transmission and distribution characteristics of the traditional power grids are already subject to complex behaviour appearing as a result of the the interplay between dynamics of the nodes and topology, namely synchronisation and cascade effects. When dealing with smart grids, the system complexity increases even more: on top of the physical network of power lines and controllable sources of electricity, the modernisation brings information networks, renewable intermittent generation, market liberalisation, prosumers, among other aspects. In this case, we forecast a dynamical co-evolution of the smart grid and other kind of networked systems that cannot be understood isolated. This review compiles recent results that model electric power grids as complex systems, going beyond pure technological aspects. From this perspective, we then indicate possible ways to incorporate the diverse co-evolving systems into the smart grid model using, for example, network theory and multi-agent simulation.Comment: Submitted to EPJ-ST Power Grids, May 201

An analysis of the use of multiple transmission power levels on wireless sensor networks

The energy consumption in wireless sensor networks is the critical concern of different studies, especially because of the great effort, or even the impossibility, to replace the battery of their motes. Consequently, it is fundamental to investigate and evaluate the energy spent by every individual task executed by the motes in order to provide an efficient use of their batteries. In this work, we employ different metrics to present a thorough study of how the use of multiple transmission power levels affects multihop wireless sensor networks. This work is motivated by the current employment of the multiple transmission power levels, on both academic works and commercial solutions, which is a novel feature of some radio transceivers commonly used in wireless sensor network motes. Aiming for reliable and extensive analysis, this study employs simulations in different scenarios and models of commonly employed electronic components. The contribution of this works is a detailed investigation of the impact caused by the use of different transmission power levels employing different metrics, offering a wide perspective on the subject. In general, the results of this study indicate that the use of multiple power levels grants both positive and negative results, according to the scenario and metrics analyzed43COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESnão tem5th International electronic conference on sensors and application

A Laudato Si como inspiração para a prática educativa: reflexões e perspectivas

O trabalho objetiva refletir sobre as contribuições da Carta Encíclica Laudato Si´´, do Papa Francisco, para o desenvolvimento de processos formativos nos espaços escolares, enfatizando o Cuidado da Casa Comum e das relações humanas e sociais que sustentem a vida. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico que, a partir do método Ver-Julgar-Agir, dialoga com: a) o texto da Encíclica e a atualização de dados e reportagens atuais sobre a crise ambiental e social; b) com a Sagrada Escritura e a Doutrina Social da Igreja, considerando a contribuições do Magistério da Igreja para compreender as questões ambientais; e. por fim, analisa e dialoga com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) identificando pontos de conexão e articulação entre os objetivos e objetos de aprendizagem e possibilidade de ações interdisciplinares que assumam a complexidade dos impasses sociais e naturais que vivenciamos atualmente e que solicitam o desenvolvimento da consciência crítica e ação cidadã. Para análise da BNCC, o foco deteve-se nas propostas para o nono ano do Ensino Fundamental.The aim of this study is to reflect on the contributions of Pope Francis' Encyclical Letter Laudato Si to the development of school-based educational processes, with an emphasis on the Care of Common Home and the human and social relationships that sustain life. This research is bibliographic in nature and employs the "see-judge-act" method to engage with: a) the text of the Encyclical itself, alongside updated data and recent reports on the environmental and social crisis; b) Sacred Scripture and the Social Doctrine of the Church, considering the contributions of the Church's Magisterium in understanding environmental issues; and c) the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), analyzing and identifying points of connection and articulation between its objectives and learning outcomes, and the potential for interdisciplinary actions that address the complexity of the environmental and social challenges we currently face. These challenges call for the development of critical consciousness and civic action. The analysis of the BNCC focuses specifically on the proposals for the ninth grade of Elementary Education. The investigative journey reveals real possibilities for interdisciplinary actions that include reflections on environmental and social issues, contributing to the construction of a more sustainable future

Impactos da indicação geográfica na sustentabilidade regional: estudo de caso na região de Salinas

Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Florianópolis, 2013As Indicações Geográficas confirmam atributos de produtos e serviços circunscritos ao seu território de origem, outorgando-lhes reputação e, concomitantemente, impulsionando-lhes visibilidade e reconhecimento internacional. Nesse processo, elas estimulam o desenvolvimento econômico e a manutenção, quando não o resgate, das tradições e cultura das comunidades envolvidas. Sob esse prisma, a Indicação Geográfica (IG) corrobora para a sustentabilidade, a partir das características locais e organização e compromisso inerentes ao processo de obtenção da Indicação Geográfica. Para verificar essa hipótese, foi realizado um estudo de caso focado na Cachaça de Salinas, que obteve Indicação Geográfica em 2012 para a cachaça artesanal da região. O estudo envolveu quatro etapas: a) revisão bibliográfica; b) pesquisa no portal do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial, órgão responsável pela Indicação Geográfica no Brasil; c) identificação dos principais atores; d) coleta de informações e dados com consultores, técnicos dos órgãos federais responsáveis pelo apoio e pela concessão do registro, representantes de entidades de classe apoiadoras da iniciativa e lideranças locais. Como resultado, foi possível verificar a legitimidade da mobilização em torno da obtenção da Indicação Geográfica, envolvendo produtores, Administração Pública, entidades de apoio e instituições de ensino e pesquisa. O estudo de caso evidenciou a falta de indicadores e o estágio embrionário das Indicações Geográficas no Brasil, que ainda não fornecem subsídios suficientes para aferir a consecução de seus objetivos, sendo necessário construir indicadores e realizar benchmarking para verificar sucessos e pontos passíveis de melhoria, respeitando sempre o ritmo e vontade locais.Abstract : The Geographical Indications confirm attributes of products and services found in their original territory, granting them reputation and alongside boosting their visibility and international acknowledgment. In this process, they stimulate economical development as well as the preservation, when not the recovery of cultures and traditions of the involved communities. From this perspective, the Geographical Indication (GI) corroborates with sustainability, through the local characteristics, organization and commitment inherent to the procedure of obtaining the Geographical Indication. To confirm this hypothesis, we performed a study focused on the cachaça of Salinas, which achieved Geographical Indication in 2012 for the region's artisanal cachaça. The procedure included four steps: a) bibliographical review; b) research on the portal of the National Industrial Property Institute, which is the entity responsible for the Geographical Indication in Brazil; c) identification of the main parts; d) data survey with consultants and representatives of the classes that support the initiative. As a result, it became possible to identify the mobilization of producers, public administration, support entities and education and research institutions in order to obtain the Geographic Indication. The case study shows the lack of indications and the emergent stage of the Geographic Indications in Brazil, which still doesn?t provide sufficient aid for the accomplishment of its goals, making it necessary to create indicators and perform benchmarking in order to verify success and issues to be improved, always respecting locals' wishes and pace

Transição de operador logístico para integrador logístico: um estudo de caso

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2009O propósito deste trabalho foi analisar os principais atributos necessários para que um terceirizador de serviços logísticos se transforme em integrador logístico, proporcionando eficiência na gestão da cadeia de suprimentos para seus clientes. A metodologia utilizada foi um estudo de caso onde foram analisadas as ações implementadas pela SADI do Brasil - empresa de Comércio Exterior do Grupo Fiat, para atender seu cliente, Case New Holland, na importação de partes e peças de fornecedores europeus para a fabricação de máquinas agrícolas no Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que a capacidade tecnológica exerce papel preponderante na gestão da cadeia como um todo e que sem o investimento no desenvolvimento de Sistema de Informações e Comunicação em interface com os sistemas dos clientes e dos operadores logísticos envolvidos no processo não é possível gerenciar a operação de forma eficiente. Os resultados do trabalho permitiram verificar que o grau de integração e parceria estabelecido entre o contratante e o integrador logístico apresentou-se como fator determinante para a transição da SADI de operador logístico para integrador logístico. Constatou-se, pela análise dos fatores-chave de desempenho, que houve a redução efetiva do tempo de chegada dos materiais até as fábricas e armazéns, objetivo principal do cliente, o que consolida o posicionamento da SADI neste novo modelo de negócio. Por fim, pôde-se concluir que a transformação de um prestador de serviço logístico em quarteirizador de serviços logísticos representa um desafio atual para as empresas do setor, como forma de ampliar a gestão da cadeia de suprimentos para os clientes, incorporando novas competências e habilidades estratégicas para se consolidarem como integradores logísticos.Research that reports the importance of continuous search for multiple tools that allows the promotion of competitiveness in the automotive industry, before the frenetic international scene. Demonstration of the development of strategies to market from the global economy and the fall of the borders between countries, driven primarily by a worsening of the competition. Due to the tentative to add value to the product, emerges the need to implement concepts, methods and tools in the logistical organization and its supply chain. Special emphasis on customs drawback as an effective resource to achieve competitiveness, defined as tax incentive to reduce the export price of a motor vehicle intended for export. The deployment of the special customs regime of foreign trade logistics enables the flow of international raw materials, facilitating better screening of suppliers in a global sourcing context. In this sense, the scheme is also analyzed from the focus of a marketing strategy applied to the international automotive industry with the objective of creating competitive advantages and improve their stock of suppliers and quality of inputs used. According to its methodology, this research is structured in a case study, describing most of times, qualitative data in a descriptive bibliographic environment. This research demonstrates a business case application into Fiat Automoveis. It describes drawback#s main characteristics and functionalities presented by international trade, logistic and international marketing's aspects. Thus, it presents the measurable results provided by the association of this resource into export and import process, based on Brazilian regulation. The obtained results at the end of this research justified general and specific objectives since they proved mathematically customs drawback regime as one more effective tool in the quest for corporate competitiveness

Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Recombinant Proteins Modulate Antimycobacterial Functions of Bovine Macrophages

It has been shown that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) activates the Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) p38 pathway, yet it is unclear which components of M. paratuberculosis are involved in the process. Therefore, a set of 42 M. paratuberculosis recombinant proteins expressed from coding sequences annotated as lipoproteins were screened for their ability to induce IL-10 expression, an indicator of MAPKp38 activation, in bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. A recombinant lipoprotein, designated as MAP3837c, was among a group of 6 proteins that strongly induced IL-10 gene transcription in bovine macrophages, averaging a 3.1-fold increase compared to non-stimulated macro- phages. However, a parallel increase in expression of IL-12 and TNF-α was only observed in macrophages exposed to a subset of these 6 proteins. Selected recombinant proteins were further analyzed for their ability to enhance survival of M. avium within bovine macrophages as measured by recovered viable bacteria and nitrite production. All 6 IL-10 inducing MAP recombinant proteins along with M. paratuberculosis cells significantly enhanced phosphorylation of MAPK-p38 in bovine macrophages. Although these proteins are likely not post translationally lipidated in E. coli and thus is a limitation in this study, these results form the foundation of how the protein component of the lipoprotein interacts with the immune system. Collectively, these data reveal M. paratuberculosis proteins that might play a role in MAPK-p38 pathway activation and hence in survival of this organism within bovine macrophages

Performance analysis and optimization of a N-class bipolar network

A wireless network with unsaturated traffic and N classes of users sharing a channel under random access is analyzed here. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the network stability are derived, along with simple closed formulas for the stationary packet transmission success probabilities and mean packet delays for all classes under stability conditions. We also show, through simple and elegant expressions, that the channel sharing mechanism in the investigated scenario can be seen as a process of partitioning a well-defined quantity into portions, each portion assigned to each user class, the size of which determined by system parameters and performance metrics of that user class. Using the derived expressions, optimization problems are then formulated and solved to minimize the mean packet delay and to maximize the channel throughput per unit of area. These results indicate that the proposed analysis is capable of assessing the trade-off involved in radio-resource management when different classes of users are considered7135118135132CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP311485/2015-4não tem2017/21347-0This work was supported in part by the Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo under Grant 2017/21347-0, in part by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development under Grant 311485/2015-4, in part by the Academy of Finland via the ee-IoT Project under Grant 319009, in part by the FIREMAN Consortium under Grant CHIST-ERA 326270, in part by the EnergyNet Research Fellowship under Grant 321265 and Grant 328869, in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Brazil (CAPES) under Grant 001, in part by the RNP, with resources from MCTIC, under the Radiocommunication Reference Center (CRR) Project of the National Institute of Telecommunications (Inatel), Brazil, under Grant 01250.075413/2018-0