The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

Can Patients With IUGR and Abnormal Umbilical Artery Dopplers Safely Undergo Induction of Labor?

Objective To compare the difference in fetal outcomes in 3 groups of pregnancies affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and abnormal umbilical artery (UA) Dopplers: those who underwent cesarean delivery without labor, those who underwent intrapartum cesarean delivery, and those who underwent a vaginal delivery following a successful induction of labor. Study Design A retrospective cohort study of 125 pregnancies affected by IUGR and abnormal UA Dopplers. Eighty-one underwent cesarean delivery without labor. Twenty-six had a successful induction while 18 underwent intrapartum cesarean delivery. Maternal and neonatal demographics and outcomes were collected and compared. The primary outcomes were neonatal APGARs \u3c7 at 5 minutes of life, fetal acidosis at birth (arterial cord pH \u3c7.2), Birth weight and NICU admission. Secondary outcomes were indication for delivery, preeclampsia with severe features and gestational age at time of delivery Results There were no differences in NICU admissions, APGAR scores \u3c7 at 5 minutes of life and rates of fetal acidosis, even when adjusted for degree of UA abnormality and maternal age. Interval fetal growth of \u3e100g / 2 weeks prior to delivery, favorable bishop score, younger maternal age, and a later gestational age at time of IUGR diagnosis were associated with higher rates of successful induction of labor (p=0.001, p\u3c0.001, p=0.004, p=0.002). Higher birth weight and a lower incidence of preeclampsia with severe features were more common in the group that underwent successful induction of labor (p \u3c0.001, Beta coefficient 0.55, 0.23-0.88 95% CI, p=0.003 OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.51). Conclusion There was no difference in neonatal outcomes in those patients who underwent induction of labor compared to those who underwent scheduled cesarean delivery in pregnancies affected by IUGR and abnormal UA doppler regardless of severity of UA doppler abnormality