Canadian English-Language Children's Songs in Toronto Schools: A Comparison of 1959-64 and 1988 Collections

Virginia Caputo examine la transmission orale des chansons enfantines. Par une comparaison des chansons enregistrées pendant la période 1959-64 et un corpus enregistré aux mêmes écoles en 1988, elle analyse la stabilité et l’évolution caractérisant cette tradition musicale à travers le temps. Elle détermine que ces chansons reflètent les attitudes des enfants envers la classe sociale, le genre, le pouvoir, et l’ethnicité

Occurrence of Fusarium species in asymptomatic barley plants grown in field conditions under differential phosphate regimes

Occurrence of genus Fusarium as endophytes in roots of healthy barley plants cultivated in fields under two levels of phosphorous (P) was examined. F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. konzum, F. oxysporum, F. sacchari, F. scirpi, F. solani were isolated from asymptomatic surface sterilized root tissues. F. konzum and F. solani were only present in the roots of fertilized plants, whereas F. sacchari was present in unfertilized plants. F. scirpi was isolated in highest frequency and relative density, and was higher under P deficiency suggesting that P availability would determinate the occurrence of this species, suggesting the possibility of their association with stressed plants. This is the first report on the occurrence of Fusarium spp. as endophytes in healthy barley plants. However, it remains to be determined whether Fusarium spp. isolated are nonpathogenic forms and beneficial to barley plants or latent pathogens that could produce disease symptoms in other conditions.Fil: Echeverria, Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Maria Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnolológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología. Laboratorio de Biología Funcional y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Caputo Suarez, Carla Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; Argentin

Influence of FFF Process Conditions on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Rheological Properties of Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxy Hexanoate)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates are natural polyesters synthesized by microorganisms and bacteria. Due to their properties, they have been proposed as substitutes for petroleum derivatives. This work studies how the printing conditions employed in fuse filament fabrication (FFF) affect the properties of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxy hexanoate) or PHBH. Firstly, rheological results predicted the printability of PHBH, which was successfully realized. Unlike what usually happens in FFF manufacturing or several semi-crystalline polymers, it was observed that the crystallization of PHBH occurs isothermally after deposition on the bed and not during the non-isothermal cooling stage, according to calorimetric measurements. A computational simulation of the temperature profile during the printing process was conducted to confirm this behavior, and the results support this hypothesis. Through the analysis of mechanical properties, it was shown that the nozzle and bed temperature increase improved the mechanical properties, reducing the void formation and improving interlayer adhesion, as shown by SEM. Intermediate printing velocities produced the best mechanical properties.This work has received funding from the Basque Government through grant IT1503-22, the Gipuzkoa Provincial Council (Red I+D+i 2022-CIEN-000022-01), and the project National Centre of Competence in Polymer Materials and Technologies for the 21st Century no. TN02000051 (TA CR, Czech Republic)

Comparação entre dois métodos de determinação de cálcio ionizável em amostras de recém-nascidos

Changes in ionized calcium (iCa) concentration seem to occur in newborns when the calcium supply from the mother is disconnected at birth, and a related hypocalcemia is produced. Thus, measurement of iCa is of particular importance in newborns. The aim of this study was to compare two methods of iCa measurement. We collected 50 samples from newborns in which we obtained values of iCa using both the direct and the indirect measurement. There is a significant correlation between iCa values obtained from Omni C and those obtained from the calculated method.As alterações na concentração de cálcio ionizado (iCa) ocorrem nos recém-nascidos quando a fonte de cálcio proveniente da mãe é removida no momento do nascimento, resultando em hipocalcemia. Portanto, a verificação de iCa é de particular importância no recém-nascido. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar dois métodos de determinação de iCa utilizados em laboratórios. Foram utilizadas 50 amostras de recém-nascidos que obtiveram valores de iCa pela medida direta e também pelo método indireto. Existe uma correlação significativa entre os valores de iCa obtidos utilizando Omni C e aqueles com o método calculado.Hospital Estadual Mário CovasUniversidade de São Paulo Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)USP Faculdade de Ciências FarmacêuticasUNIFESPUSPUSP Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de Santo AmaroInstituto de Pesquisa e Educação em Saúde de São PauloFaculdade de Medicina do ABCUNIFESP FMABCUNIFESP, FMABCSciEL

A Single-Molecule Bioelectronic Portable Array for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer Precursors

A cohort of 47 patients is screened for pancreatic cancer precursors with a portable 96-well bioelectronic sensing-array for single-molecule assay in cysts fluid and blood plasma, deployable at point-of-care (POC). Pancreatic cancer precursors are mucinous cysts diagnosed with a sensitivity of at most 80% by state-of-the-art cytopathological molecular analyses (e.g., KRASmut DNA). Adding the simultaneous assay of proteins related to malignant transformation (e.g., MUC1 and CD55) is deemed essential to enhance diagnostic accuracy. The bioelectronic array proposed here, based on single-molecule-with-a-large-transistor (SiMoT) technology, can assay both nucleic acids and proteins at the single-molecule limit-of-identification (LOI) (1% of false-positives and false-negatives). It comprises an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like 8 × 12-array organic-electronics disposable cartridge with an electrolyte-gated organic transistor sensor array, and a reusable reader, integrating a custom Si-IC chip, operating via software installed on a USB-connected smart device. The cartridge is complemented by a 3D-printed sensing gate cover plate. KRASmut, MUC1, and CD55 biomarkers either in plasma or cysts-fluid from 5 to 6 patients at a time, are multiplexed at single-molecule LOI in 1.5 h. The pancreatic cancer precursors are classified via a machine-learning analysis resulting in at least 96% diagnostic-sensitivity and 100% diagnostic-specificity. This preliminary study opens the way to POC liquid-biopsy-based early diagnosis of pancreatic-cancer precursors in plasma.</p

A Single-Molecule Bioelectronic Portable Array for Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer Precursors

A cohort of 47 patients is screened for pancreatic cancer precursors with a portable 96-well bioelectronic sensing-array for single-molecule assay in cysts fluid and blood plasma, deployable at point-of-care (POC). Pancreatic cancer precursors are mucinous cysts diagnosed with a sensitivity of at most 80% by state-of-the-art cytopathological molecular analyses (e.g., KRASmut DNA). Adding the simultaneous assay of proteins related to malignant transformation (e.g., MUC1 and CD55) is deemed essential to enhance diagnostic accuracy. The bioelectronic array proposed here, based on single-molecule-with-a-large-transistor (SiMoT) technology, can assay both nucleic acids and proteins at the single-molecule limit-of-identification (LOI) (1% of false-positives and false-negatives). It comprises an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-like 8 × 12-array organic-electronics disposable cartridge with an electrolyte-gated organic transistor sensor array, and a reusable reader, integrating a custom Si-IC chip, operating via software installed on a USB-connected smart device. The cartridge is complemented by a 3D-printed sensing gate cover plate. KRASmut, MUC1, and CD55 biomarkers either in plasma or cysts-fluid from 5 to 6 patients at a time, are multiplexed at single-molecule LOI in 1.5 h. The pancreatic cancer precursors are classified via a machine-learning analysis resulting in at least 96% diagnostic-sensitivity and 100% diagnostic-specificity. This preliminary study opens the way to POC liquid-biopsy-based early diagnosis of pancreatic-cancer precursors in plasma.</p

Defective proteasome biogenesis into skin fibroblasts isolated from Rett syndrome subjects with {MeCP}2 non-sense mutations

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder which affects about 1: 10000 live births. In &gt;95% of subjects RTT is caused by a mutation in Methyl-CpG binding protein-2 (MECP2) gene, which encodes for a transcription regulator with pleiotropic genetic/epigenetic activities. The molecular mechanisms underscoring the phenotypic alteration of RTT are largely unknown and this has impaired the development of therapeutic approaches to alleviate signs and symptoms during disease progression. A defective proteasome biogenesis into two skin primary fibroblasts isolated from RTT subjects harbouring non-sense (early-truncating) MeCP2 mutations (i.e., R190fs and R255X) is herewith reported. Proteasome is the proteolytic machinery of Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS), a pathway of overwhelming relevance for post-mitotic cells metabolism. Molecular, transcription and proteomic analyses indicate that MeCP2 mutations down-regulate the expression of one proteasome subunit, α7, and of two chaperones, PAC1 and PAC2, which bind each other in the earliest step of proteasome biogenesis. Furthermore, this molecular alteration recapitulates in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells upon silencing of MeCP2 expression, envisaging a general significance of this transcription regulator in proteasome biogenesis

“Cocinando” un proyecto de extensión universitaria en clave audiovisual: diálogos entre saberes "locales" y "académicos" en torno a la cerámica de la Microrregión del Salado

En este trabajo reflexionamos sobre una experiencia de intercambio entre ceramistas de la microrregión del Salado (provincia de Buenos Aires), arqueólogos, antropólogos sociales y realizadores audiovisuales reunidos con el propósito de producir una muestra itinerante en el interior de la provincia y registrar dicho proceso. En este sentido, esta ponencia sigue un doble objetivo. Por un lado, nos interesa hacer foco en la experiencia del equipo de arqueología del Salado -que lleva más de tres décadas trabajando en el territorio- y los desafíos asumidos para promover reformulaciones conceptuales sobre la historicidad de las poblaciones prehispánicas de la zona. Así se impulsan trabajos de investigación y extensión comprometidos con los modos en que las materialidades que sustentan el conocimiento arqueológico forman parte del presente y se constituyen en elementos significativos de las identidad/es local/regional/es. Particularmente, los abundantes fragmentos de alfarería prehispánica -junto con sus imágenes e información sobre sus formas de producción- que circulan en el territorio son utilizados como modelo e inspiración de prácticas alfareras en la actualidad. El reconocimiento de las diferentes formas de pensar y hacer con la cerámica arqueológica es el punto de partida para la elaboración de una muestra itinerante que busca fortalecer los vínculos entre ceramistas de diferentes pueblos y ampliar la visibilidad de su trabajo en sus comunidades. Esta involucra la realización de un registro documental -fílmico y fotográfico-, lo que nos conduce al segundo objetivo de la ponencia, referido al trabajo audiovisual. Nos interesa reflexionar sobre el potencial de esta forma de registro en tanto permite profundizar, interrogar y cuestionar los saberes (locales y académicos) sobre las prácticas cerámicas del presente y del pasado, al tiempo que los reproduce y comparte frente diferentes audiencias.GT50: Antropologxs y arqueologxs en proyectos de extensión universitaria y de comunicación científica. Redes, apropiaciones y tensiones.Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Gliadin Peptide P31-43 Localises to Endocytic Vesicles and Interferes with Their Maturation

BACKGROUND: Celiac Disease (CD) is both a frequent disease (1:100) and an interesting model of a disease induced by food. It consists in an immunogenic reaction to wheat gluten and glutenins that has been found to arise in a specific genetic background; however, this reaction is still only partially understood. Activation of innate immunity by gliadin peptides is an important component of the early events of the disease. In particular the so-called "toxic" A-gliadin peptide P31-43 induces several pleiotropic effects including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-dependent actin remodelling and proliferation in cultured cell lines and in enterocytes from CD patients. These effects are mediated by delayed EGFR degradation and prolonged EGFR activation in endocytic vesicles. In the present study we investigated the effects of gliadin peptides on the trafficking and maturation of endocytic vesicles. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Both P31-43 and the control P57-68 peptide labelled with fluorochromes were found to enter CaCo-2 cells and interact with the endocytic compartment in pulse and chase, time-lapse, experiments. P31-43 was localised to vesicles carrying early endocytic markers at time points when P57-68-carrying vesicles mature into late endosomes. In time-lapse experiments the trafficking of P31-43-labelled vesicles was delayed, regardless of the cargo they were carrying. Furthermore in celiac enterocytes, from cultured duodenal biopsies, P31-43 trafficking is delayed in early endocytic vesicles. A sequence similarity search revealed that P31-43 is strikingly similar to Hrs, a key molecule regulating endocytic maturation. A-gliadin peptide P31-43 interfered with Hrs correct localisation to early endosomes as revealed by western blot and immunofluorescence microscopy. CONCLUSIONS: P31-43 and P57-68 enter cells by endocytosis. Only P31-43 localises at the endocytic membranes and delays vesicle trafficking by interfering with Hrs-mediated maturation to late endosomes in cells and intestinal biopsies. Consequently, in P31-43-treated cells, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) activation is extended. This finding may explain the role played by gliadin peptides in inducing proliferation and other effects in enterocytes from CD biopsies