Multimorbidity and leisure-time physical activity over the life course : a population-based birth cohort study

Background: We aimed to test which life course model best described the association between leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and multimorbidity at age 55. We analyzed data from birth to age 55 using the database from the 1958 National Child Development Survey. Methods: Multimorbidity was considered as the presence of more than one chronic condition. LTPA was measured through questionnaires from 1965 (age 7) to 2013 (age 55), which were applied in eight different occasions. We compared the fit of a series of nested adjusted logistic regression models (representing either the critical, accumulation or sensitive period models) with a fully saturated model. Data were reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: From an eligible sample of 15,613 cohort members, 9137 were interviewed in the latest sweep (58.5%). Men were more physically active than women at ages 11, 16, and 23 (p < 0.001). LTPA every day in the week was more frequent in women than men in ages 33, 42, and 50 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of multimorbidity at age 55 was 33.0% (n = 2778). The sensitive analysis revealed that LTPA during adolescence (OR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.70, 0.98) and mid adult life (age 50 and 55; OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.69, 0.98) have a stronger effect on the risk for multimorbidity at age 55 considering all other life stages in the model. Also, adolescence showed a critical independent effect on the risk for multimorbidity (OR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.70, 0.97). No difference was found between those models. Conclusions: These data support the notion of a protective physical activity “legacy” at early ages of childhood against multimorbidity at older ages. We highlight the need for LTPA promotion through intervention tailored especially on schooling and older ages in order to reduce the burden of multimorbidity

Rendimiento académico en asignaturas del trayecto de formación del Analista Programador Universitario (APU) de la LSI-UNNE mediante técnica de datos composicionales

En el marco de los procesos de acreditación de las carreras de Informática se hace necesario evaluar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos, en particular aquellos vinculados con los indicadores más preocupantes para las mismas, tales como el desgranamiento de los alumnos de primer año y su bajo rendimiento, situaciones que afectan la permanencia en la carrera y la terminación exitosa de sus estudios. En este trabajo se describe el desempeño de los estudiantes que cursaron las asignaturas que conforman el trayecto de formación del Analista Programador Universitario (APU), titulación intermedia de la Licenciatura en Sistemas de Información de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (FaCENA-UNNE), en base a la información del resultado del cursado de dichas asignaturas en el periodo 2010-2012, obtenidos mediante la técnica de Datos Composicionales. Esta información permitirá apoyar el proceso de monitoreo de la implementación del plan de estudio, actividad comprometida en el proceso de acreditación.Eje: Educación en TecnologíaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Rendimiento académico en asignaturas del trayecto de formación del Analista Programador Universitario (APU) de la LSI-UNNE mediante técnica de datos composicionales

En el marco de los procesos de acreditación de las carreras de Informática se hace necesario evaluar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos, en particular aquellos vinculados con los indicadores más preocupantes para las mismas, tales como el desgranamiento de los alumnos de primer año y su bajo rendimiento, situaciones que afectan la permanencia en la carrera y la terminación exitosa de sus estudios. En este trabajo se describe el desempeño de los estudiantes que cursaron las asignaturas que conforman el trayecto de formación del Analista Programador Universitario (APU), titulación intermedia de la Licenciatura en Sistemas de Información de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (FaCENA-UNNE), en base a la información del resultado del cursado de dichas asignaturas en el periodo 2010-2012, obtenidos mediante la técnica de Datos Composicionales. Esta información permitirá apoyar el proceso de monitoreo de la implementación del plan de estudio, actividad comprometida en el proceso de acreditación.Eje: Educación en TecnologíaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Rendimiento académico en asignaturas del trayecto de formación del Analista Programador Universitario (APU) de la LSI-UNNE mediante técnica de datos composicionales

En el marco de los procesos de acreditación de las carreras de Informática se hace necesario evaluar el rendimiento académico de los alumnos, en particular aquellos vinculados con los indicadores más preocupantes para las mismas, tales como el desgranamiento de los alumnos de primer año y su bajo rendimiento, situaciones que afectan la permanencia en la carrera y la terminación exitosa de sus estudios. En este trabajo se describe el desempeño de los estudiantes que cursaron las asignaturas que conforman el trayecto de formación del Analista Programador Universitario (APU), titulación intermedia de la Licenciatura en Sistemas de Información de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura (FaCENA-UNNE), en base a la información del resultado del cursado de dichas asignaturas en el periodo 2010-2012, obtenidos mediante la técnica de Datos Composicionales. Esta información permitirá apoyar el proceso de monitoreo de la implementación del plan de estudio, actividad comprometida en el proceso de acreditación.Eje: Educación en TecnologíaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Errores en la identificación de números reales cometidos por ingresantes universitarios

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis estadístico descriptivo de los errores cometidos por ingresantes a las carreras Ingeniería Eléctrica, Ingeniería en Agrimensura, Ingeniería en Electrónica, Licenciatura en Ciencias Físicas y Licenciatura en Ciencias Químicas al identificar números reales como tales o como elementos de los conjuntos de números naturales, enteros, racionales e irracionales. Se pudo observar elevados porcentajes de errores que dan cuenta de las dificultades de los estudiantes para identificar al 0 como un número racional, entero y no natural, como racionales a aquellos números racionales con infinitas cifras periódicas y como número complejo no real a la raíz cuadrada de un número real negativo. Puede concluirse que los errores cometidos están vinculados a concepciones alternativas de los estudiantes las cuales provienen de hábitos escolares habituales a lo largo de la escolaridad preuniversitaria.

Broad MICA/B expression in the small bowel mucosa: a link between cellular stress and celiac disease

The MICA/B genes (MHC class I chain related genes A and B) encode for non conventional class I HLA molecules which have no role in antigen presentation. MICA/B are up-regulated by different stress conditions such as heat-shock, oxidative stress, neoplasic transformation and viral infection. Particularly, MICA/B are expressed in enterocytes where they can mediate enterocyte apoptosis when recognised by the activating NKG2D receptor present on intraepithelial lymphocytes. This mechanism was suggested to play a major pathogenic role in active celiac disease (CD). Due to the importance of MICA/B in CD pathogenesis we studied their expression in duodenal tissue from CD patients. By immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and flow cytometry we established that MICA/B was mainly intracellularly located in enterocytes. In addition, we identified MICA/B+ T cells in both the intraepithelial and lamina propria compartments. We also found MICA/B+ B cells, plasma cells and some macrophages in the lamina propria. The pattern of MICA/B staining in mucosal tissue in severe enteropathy was similar to that found in in vitro models of cellular stress. In such models, MICA/B were located in stress granules that are associated to the oxidative and ER stress response observed in active CD enteropathy. Our results suggest that expression of MICA/B in the intestinal mucosa of CD patients is linked to disregulation of mucosa homeostasis in which the stress response plays an active role.Fil: Allegretti, Yessica Lorena. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas. Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bondar, Constanza María. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas. Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Luciana. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica" de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cueto Rua, Eduardo. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños "Sor María Ludovica" de la Plata; ArgentinaFil: Chopita, Nestor. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Gral. San Martin; ArgentinaFil: Fuertes, Mercedes Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; ArgentinaFil: Zwirner, Norberto Walter. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología; ArgentinaFil: Chirdo, Fernando Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas. Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmune; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Catching Element Formation In The Act

Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation. The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide set of astrophysical questions.Comment: 14 pages including 3 figure

Catching Element Formation In The Act

Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation. The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide set of astrophysical questions

Catching element formation in the act

Gamma-ray astronomy explores the most energetic photons in nature to address some of the most pressing puzzles in contemporary astrophysics. It encompasses a wide range of objects and phenomena: stars, supernovae, novae, neutron stars, stellar-mass black holes, nucleosynthesis, the interstellar medium, cosmic rays and relativistic-particle acceleration, and the evolution of galaxies. MeV gamma-rays provide a unique probe of nuclear processes in astronomy, directly measuring radioactive decay, nuclear de-excitation, and positron annihilation. The substantial information carried by gamma-ray photons allows us to see deeper into these objects, the bulk of the power is often emitted at gamma-ray energies, and radioactivity provides a natural physical clock that adds unique information. New science will be driven by time-domain population studies at gamma-ray energies. This science is enabled by next-generation gamma-ray instruments with one to two orders of magnitude better sensitivity, larger sky coverage, and faster cadence than all previous gamma-ray instruments. This transformative capability permits: (a) the accurate identification of the gamma-ray emitting objects and correlations with observations taken at other wavelengths and with other messengers; (b) construction of new gamma-ray maps of the Milky Way and other nearby galaxies where extended regions are distinguished from point sources; and (c) considerable serendipitous science of scarce events -- nearby neutron star mergers, for example. Advances in technology push the performance of new gamma-ray instruments to address a wide set of astrophysical questions

Global disparities in surgeons’ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study

: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSS® v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity &gt; 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI