Immunomodulation with Probiotics Against Aeromonas veronii in Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Aeromonas comprisea wide range of opportunistic bacteria that cause septicemia (blood poisoning)in fish.Withexpandingaquaculture, myriad methods have been used to combat these pathologiesincludingprobiotics and plant extracts which canpotentiallyaddress these diseases without harmingthe environment. Inthis study, four strains of opportunistic pathogens were isolated from diseased fish, thenmolecular identification of 16SrDNA was performed. Results identifiedthe four strains asAeromonas veronii, Shewanella sp., Bacillus cereus, and Aeromonas salmonicida. Experimental trialsrevealed that A.veroniiwas the primary strain. Multiple virulence-related factors were discovered, includingaerolysin (Aer), cytotoxic enterotoxin (Act), and the outer membrane protein (OmpAII).Thesewere foundonly in A.veronii. LC50 in grass carp was 3.6×104CFU/mLover 96 h, whereas the safe concentration was 9.11×103CFU/mL.Grass carp were challenged with 3 differentconcentrations of A.veronii. Following a 48h incubation period they were treated for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h with 8.1×106CFU/mLconcentrations.The expression ofInterleukin-8(IL-8)andTumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α)was up-regulated in the kidney, liver, spleen, and heart using qRT-PCR. Simultaneously, enzyme activity involving Pyruvate Kinase(PK),Alkaline Phosphatase(AKP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT),Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDH), and Lysozyme (Lsz)inserum and liver tissues was significantly up-regulated.We found that probiotics enhancedgrowth of grass carp, improvedhealth status,and was beneficial in reducing the prevalence of this disease. Subsequent to feeding mixed probiotics,IL-8 and TNF-α geneexpression was significantly lower (p>0.05)than inthe infected group,at 16 and 31 days. Expression of these genes in the liver, spleen, and intestines of healthy grass carp fed probiotics wassignificantly up-regulated in contrast to grass carp fed a basal diet (p<0.05).Our results suggestthat use of probiotics as immune stimulator may improve the control of fish diseases in aquaculture

Multisource excitations in a stratified biphase structure

A stratified biphase structure can have many mechanical resonance modes due to the existence of several length scales in the system. The resonance effect is greatly enhanced if there are periodic synchronized multiple driving sources in the structure. For example, a single beam or a linear array composite transducers used in medical ultrasonic imaging. Such resonance behavior can be studied using an extended transfer matrix technique which we name: multisource T-matrix technique. Using this technique we have studied the effects of randomization in a 2-2 composite. It is found that for dispersing the pitch resonance the randomization of ceramic spa&amp;g is more effective for low ceramic content, while randomization of ceramic width is more effective for high ceramic content. 0 1995 American Institute of Physics

El comercio, herramienta de potenciación del desarrollo argentino

Fil: Caoa Goudailliez, Jorge Augusto. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas

Dry Sliding-Friction and Wear Behavior of Hot-Extruded Al6061/Si3N4/Cf Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite.

The effects of reinforcement addition and hot extrusion on the microstructures, micro hardness, friction, and wear behavior of aluminium (Al) hybrid composite were investigated. Al6061 dispersed with electroless nickel-coated Si3N4 (6wt.%) and copper-coated carbon fiber (Cf) (1wt.%) hybrid composites was developed through stir casting followed by hot extrusion. Optical micro structural studies confirmed that the size of reinforcements decreased, and their orientations were in the extrusion direction. The decrease in the grain size (29%) of hybrid composites was larger than that in the grain size of matrix alloys under hot-extruded conditions. The synthesized hot-extruded Al6061 hybrid composite exhibited a lower coefficient of friction (51%) and high wear resistance (39%) compared with the hotextruded Al6061base alloy

Study of e+e−→ppˉe^+e^- \rightarrow p\bar{p} in the vicinity of ψ(3770)\psi(3770)

Using 2917 $\rm{pb}^{-1}$ of data accumulated at 3.773~$\rm{GeV}$, 44.5~$\rm{pb}^{-1}$ of data accumulated at 3.65~$\rm{GeV}$ and data accumulated during a $\psi(3770)$ line-shape scan with the BESIII detector, the reaction $e^+e^-\rightarrow p\bar{p}$ is studied considering a possible interference between resonant and continuum amplitudes. The cross section of $e^+e^-\rightarrow\psi(3770)\rightarrow p\bar{p}$, $\sigma(e^+e^-\rightarrow\psi(3770)\rightarrow p\bar{p})$, is found to have two solutions, determined to be ($0.059\pm0.032\pm0.012$) pb with the phase angle $\phi = (255.8\pm37.9\pm4.8)^\circ$ ($<$0.11 pb at the 90% confidence level), or $\sigma(e^+e^-\rightarrow\psi(3770)\rightarrow p\bar{p}) = (2.57\pm0.12\pm0.12$) pb with $\phi = (266.9\pm6.1\pm0.9)^\circ$ both of which agree with a destructive interference. Using the obtained cross section of $\psi(3770)\rightarrow p\bar{p}$, the cross section of $p\bar{p}\rightarrow \psi(3770)$, which is useful information for the future PANDA experiment, is estimated to be either ($9.8\pm5.7$) nb ($<17.2$ nb at 90% C.L.) or $(425.6\pm42.9)$ nb

Campaign Against AOW / WTO

For the years 1999 and 2000 the Peoples Campaign Against Imperialist Globalization (PCAIG) focuses on the AOA in its campaign against the WTO and imperialist globalization

Design of Temperature Measurement System Based on Microcontroller

Abstract. This temperature measurement system is based on the control of AT89S52 single chip microcontroller, with temperature display function. Temperature information is changed into digital signal directly by a single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20, and the digital signal is sent into microcontroller for real-time acquisition. The results are displayed through LCD module 1602 in real time. The system is with the characteristics of low cost, high precision, stable performance and convenient operation. The system can be extended to multi-point temperature detecting system easily, and adding temperature transfinite alarm function

Preparation of reduced carbon-wrapped carbon–sulfur composite as cathode material of lithium–sulfur batteries

Sulfur is a promising cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries as it possesses high theoretical specific capacity and low cost. In this work, the dispersion for sulfur and restriction for lithium polysulfides have been combined to improve the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. Sulfur is dispersed on acetylene black particles at first and then reduced carbon coating wraps acetylene black–sulfur particles. The reduced carbon coating is fabricated by deoxidizing carbon precursor which is the product of reaction between sucrose and concentrated sulfuric acid. Morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of materials have been characterized and tested. Results show that sulfur envelops acetylene black particles and is uniformly dispersed in acetylene black–sulfur composite. A layer of deoxidized carbon coating wraps acetylene black–sulfur particles. The carbon–sulfur composite with deoxidized carbon electrode exhibits higher specific capacity and cycle stability in comparison with acetylene black–sulfur composite electrode. Besides, the carbon–sulfur composite with deoxidized carbon electrode displays high coulombic efficiency, which is attributed to the restriction for dissolution of lithium polysulfides through the deoxidized carbon coating