Conceptions of the teaching-learning process: a study of medical professors

This article addresses medical teaching as a social construction process, linking academic policy, pedagogical, personal, and inter-subjective factors. With the aim of analyzing the conceptions towards teaching practice, learning, and faculty training in medicine among medical professors at the Federal University in Alagoas, Brazil, a study was designed with a sample of 21 professors that joined the university's medical faculty from the 1950s to the 1990s. Data collection used semi-structured interviews, submitted to thematic content analysis. Within the context of teaching and learning in medicine, the professors highlighted the faculty-student relationship. Analysis of faculty background showed that many professors were self-taught, and there was an evident lack of systematization, which the interviewees indicated as a gap in their medical teaching careers. Faculty training in medicine appeared as a process encompassing multiple experiences and models, highlighting that to become a medical professor is a complex, plural, and multifaceted processEste artigo aborda a docência médica como um processo de construção social, que articula condicionantes político-acadêmicos, pedagógicos, pessoais e intersubjetivos. Com o objetivo de analisar as concepções de professores-médicos que ingressaram nas últimas cinco décadas na Universidade Federal de Alagoas sobre o ensino, a aprendizagem e os processos de formação docente em Medicina, delineou-se uma pesquisa com 21 docentes que atuam ou atuaram no curso de Medicina daquela universidade nas décadas de 1950 a 1990. Na coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, tratadas a partir da análise de conteúdo, do tipo temática. No âmbito do ensinar e do aprender em Medicina, os professores entrevistados destacaram a dimensão relacional entre professor e aluno. As trajetórias de formação mostraram-se influenciadas pelo autodidatismo, e a falta de sistematização de uma formação didático-pedagógica foi indicada pelos professores como uma lacuna em seus itinerários na docência médica. A formação docente em Medicina apresentou-se como um processo que abrange múltiplas experiências e modelos, evidenciando que se tornar professor de medicina é complexo, plural e multifacetadoUniversidade Federal de AlagoasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESP, ISS, Santos, BrasilSciEL

SCALE OF ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE TERM OF FREE, PRIOR AND INFORMED CONSENT (FPIC) AND THE HUMANIZATION PROCESS ON MEDICAL FIELD

The objectives of the following article is to develop and verify the factorial validity and the internal consistency of the Scale of Attitudes toward the Term of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) and the Humanization Process on Medical field, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study started from an analysis of the key concepts of humanization for the purpose of giving theoretical support to the empirical research. So, for the validation process of the instrument developed, it counted with the participation of 164 Brazilian medical students [61% female], with aged 19 to 34 years old (M=22.58, SD=2.27). Thus, were proceeded the Exploratory Factor Analysis and the Cronbach’s alpha test. The results confirmed that this scale of 14 items make an one-dimensional measure which reliably predicts Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Perceived of Control and Behavioural Intention in relation to the FPIC and the humanization process. Theoretical and empirical implications of the results are discussed about the instrument developed. Thereto, it was possible to identify the total scores for each one of the components, to create an instrument that can be used to find behavioural patterns between groups, and verifying the relationship between variables through the correlation and the level of explanation of the antecedent variables as the consequential variables

Concepções do processo ensino-aprendizagem: um estudo com professores de medicina

Este artigo aborda a docência médica como um processo de construção social, que articula condicionantes político-acadêmicos, pedagógicos, pessoais e intersubjetivos. Com o objetivo de analisar as concepções de professores-médicos que ingressaram nas últimas cinco décadas na Universidade Federal de Alagoas sobre o ensino, a aprendizagem e os processos de formação docente em Medicina, delineou-se uma pesquisa com 21 docentes que atuam ou atuaram no curso de Medicina daquela universidade nas décadas de 1950 a 1990. Na coleta de dados foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas, tratadas a partir da análise de conteúdo, do tipo temática. No âmbito do ensinar e do aprender em Medicina, os professores entrevistados destacaram a dimensão relacional entre professor e aluno. As trajetórias de formação mostraram-se influenciadas pelo autodidatismo, e a falta de sistematização de uma formação didático-pedagógica foi indicada pelos professores como uma lacuna em seus itinerários na docência médica. A formação docente em Medicina apresentou-se como um processo que abrange múltiplas experiências e modelos, evidenciando que se tornar professor de medicina é complexo, plural e multifacetad

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN