Web Coverage Service Challenges for NASA's Earth Science Data

In an effort to ensure that data in NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) is available to a wide variety of users through the tools of their choice, NASA continues to focus on exposing data and services using standards based protocols. Specifically, this work has focused recently on the Web Coverage Service (WCS). Experience has been gained in data delivery via GetCoverage requests, starting out with WCS v1.1.1. The pros and cons of both the version itself and different implementation approaches will be shared during this session. Additionally, due to limitations with WCS v1.1.1 ability to work with NASA's Earth science data, this session will also discuss the benefit of migrating to WCS 2.0.1 with EO-x to enrich this capability to meet a wide range of anticipated user's needs This will enable subsetting and various types of data transformations to be performed on a variety of EOS data sets

Tropospheric HONO distribution and chemistry in the southeastern US

Here we report the measurement results of nitrous acid (HONO) and a suite of relevant parameters on the NCAR C-130 research aircraft in the southeastern US during the NOMADSS 2013 summer field study. The daytime HONO concentration ranged from low parts per trillion by volume (pptv) in the free troposphere (FT) to mostly within 5&ndash;15&thinsp;pptv in the background planetary boundary layer (PBL). There was no discernible vertical HONO gradient above the lower flight altitude of 300&thinsp;m in the PBL, and the transport of ground surface HONO was not found to be a significant contributor to the tropospheric HONO budget. The total in situ HONO source mean (&plusmn;1&thinsp;SD) was calculated as 53 (&plusmn;21)&thinsp;pptv&thinsp;h-1 during the day. The upper-limit contribution from NOₓ-related reactions was 10 (&plusmn;5)&thinsp;pptv&thinsp;h-1, and the contribution from photolysis of particulate nitrate (pNO3) was 38 (&plusmn;23)&thinsp;pptv&thinsp;h-1, based on the measured&nbsp;pNO3&nbsp;concentrations and the median&nbsp;pNO3&nbsp;photolysis rate constant of 2.0&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;10-4&thinsp;s-1 determined in the laboratory using ambient aerosol samples. The photolysis of HONO contributed to less than 10&thinsp;% of the primary OH source. However, a recycling NOx source via&nbsp;pNO3 photolysis was equivalent to &sim;&thinsp;2.3&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;10-6&thinsp;mol&thinsp;m-2&thinsp;h-1 in the air column within the PBL, a considerable supplementary NOx source in the low-NOx background area. Up to several tens of parts per trillion by volume of HONO were observed in power plant and urban plumes during the day, mostly produced in situ from precursors including NOₓ and&nbsp;pNO3. Finally, there was no observable accumulation of HONO in the nocturnal residual layer and the nocturnal FT in the background southeastern US, with an increase in the HONO&thinsp;∕&thinsp;NOx ratio of &le;&thinsp;3&thinsp;&times;&thinsp;10-4&thinsp;h-1 after sunset.</p

Higher measured than modeled ozone production at increased NOx levels in the Colorado Front Range

Abstract. Chemical models must correctly calculate the ozone formation rate, P(O3), to accurately predict ozone levels and to test mitigation strategies. However, air quality models can have large uncertainties in P(O3) calculations, which can create uncertainties in ozone forecasts, especially during the summertime when P(O3) is high. One way to test mechanisms is to compare modeled P(O3) to direct measurements. During summer 2014, the Measurement of Ozone Production Sensor (MOPS) directly measured net P(O3) in Golden, CO, approximately 25 km west of Denver along the Colorado Front Range. Net P(O3) was compared to rates calculated by a photochemical box model that was constrained by measurements of other chemical species and that used a lumped chemical mechanism and a more explicit one. Median observed P(O3) was up to a factor of 2 higher than that modeled during early morning hours when nitric oxide (NO) levels were high and was similar to modeled P(O3) for the rest of the day. While all interferences and offsets in this new method are not fully understood, simulations of these possible uncertainties cannot explain the observed P(O3) behavior. Modeled and measured P(O3) and peroxy radical (HO2 and RO2) discrepancies observed here are similar to those presented in prior studies. While a missing atmospheric organic peroxy radical source from volatile organic compounds co-emitted with NO could be one plausible solution to the P(O3) discrepancy, such a source has not been identified and does not fully explain the peroxy radical model–data mismatch. If the MOPS accurately depicts atmospheric P(O3), then these results would imply that P(O3) in Golden, CO, would be NOx-sensitive for more of the day than what is calculated by models, extending the NOx-sensitive P(O3) regime from the afternoon further into the morning. These results could affect ozone reduction strategies for the region surrounding Golden and possibly other areas that do not comply with national ozone regulations. Thus, it is important to continue the development of this direct ozone measurement technique to understand P(O3), especially under high-NOx regimes

Introduction to the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) 2012 Studies

The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) project aimed to determine the impact ofdeep, midlatitude continental convective clouds on tropospheric composition and chemistry. The DC3field campaign was conducted over a broad area of the central United States during May&ndash;June 2012. Datacollected by DC3 have been extensively analyzed, with many results published in Deep Convective Cloudsand Chemistry 2012 Studies (DC3), a joint special section of JGR Atmospheres and Geophysical ResearchLetters. This paper highlights key results from the DC3 project as an introduction to the special issue.</p

Geochemical Characterization Data Package for the Vadose Zone in the Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Areas at the Hanford Site

This data package discusses the geochemistry of vadose zone sediments beneath the single-shell tank (SST) farms at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Hanford Site. The purpose of the report is to provide a review of the most recent and relevant geochemical information available for the vadose zone beneath the SST farms and the Integrated Disposal Facility (IDF)

"Libraries model sustainability": The results of an OCLC survey on library contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals

Ce document constitue un modèle de durabilité en bibliothèque. OCLC a mené une enquête auprès de 1700 employés de bibliothèques dans le monde entier pour déterminer comment les bibliothèques contribuent à cinq des objectifs de développement durable des Nations Unies. Dans cet article, du Journal de l’IFLA, nous découvrons des résultats détaillés, montrant que les bibliothèques non seulement mettent en œuvre elles-mêmes des pratiques de durabilité, mais promeuvent également activement un comportement durable parmi leurs utilisateurs

Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 and 241 C 204: Residual Waste Contaminant Release Model and Supporting Data

This report was revised in May 2007 to correct 90Sr values in Chapter 3. The changes were made on page 3.9, paragraph two and Table 3.10; page 3.16, last paragraph on the page; and Tables 3.21 and 3.31. The rest of the text remains unchanged from the original report issued in October 2004. This report describes the development of release models for key contaminants that are present in residual sludge remaining after closure of Hanford Tanks 241-C-203 (C-203) and 241-C-204 (C-204). The release models were developed from data generated by laboratory characterization and testing of samples from these two tanks. Key results from this work are (1) future releases from the tanks of the primary contaminants of concern (99Tc and 238U) can be represented by relatively simple solubility relationships between infiltrating water and solid phases containing the contaminants; and (2) high percentages of technetium-99 in the sludges (20 wt% in C-203 and 75 wt% in C-204) are not readily water leachable, and, in fact, are very recalcitrant. This is similar to results found in related studies of sludges from Tank AY-102. These release models are being developed to support the tank closure risk assessments performed by CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy