İnsan ve Keçi Kolostrum Whey Fraksiyonu Ortak Proteinlerinin Maldı-Tof/Tof Yöntemi İle Belirlenmesi

Anne sütü, yenidoğanlar için en önemli besin kaynağı olmanın yanında sindirilebilir aminoasit kaynağı, immunolojik koruma ve gelişimsel fonksiyonların desteklenmesini sağlamaktadır. Anne sütünün yenidoğanın gelişmesindeki rolü, sütün farklı fraksiyonlarında bulunan whey proteinleri ve kazeinlerden oluşan skim milk proteinleri ve MFGM proteinleri (milk fat globule membrane) tarafından sağlanmaktadır. İnsan sütünün farklı türlerin sütünden en büyük farklılığı, whey fraksiyonunun majör protein kaynağı olmasıdır. Bu nedenle, whey proteinlerinin belirlenebilmesi için yapılan çalışmalar, süt biyogenezinin anlaşılması ve süt protein fonksiyonlarının belirlenebilmesi için önem arz etmektedir. Çalışmada proteomik yöntemler kullanarak insan ve keçi kolostrumunun skim fraksiyonundaki ortak whey proteinlerini belirlemek ve kıyaslamak amaçlanmış; insan sütünün yerine kullanılabilecek alternatiflerin protein içeriklerinin belirlenmesine katkı sağlamak hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaçla, laktasyonun başlangıcındaki (12-24 saat) sağlıklı insan (n=6) ve keçi (n=6) kolostrum örnekleri toplanarak, 2-DIGE (two dimensional differential gel electrophoresis) jel görüntülerindeki insan ve keçi kolostrumuna ait çakışan spotlar kesilip tripsin ile digest edilip MALDI-TOF/TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization) kütle spektrometrisi yöntemiyle tanımlama yapılmıştır. Kütle spektrometri analizi sonuçlarına göre, insan ve keçi kolostrumunun whey proteinlerini içeren örneğinin bulunduğu master jelde çakışan 422 spot bulunmuştur. Bu spotlarda hem insan hem de keçi örnekleri için 270 adet farklı protein saptanmıştır. Bu proteinlerden; immünoglobulin, kazein, albümin, laktoferrin, laktotransferrin, laktoglobulin ve laktalbumin kökenli proteinler spotlarda en fazla görünen (HAP) majör proteinlerdir. Ayrıca α1-antitripsin, integrin, kathelisidin, galaktin-3-binding protein, laktadherin, tenascin ve apoliprotein J gibi minör proteinlerde (LAP) tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, keçi ile insan kolostrumunda bulunan ortak proteinlerin profillerinin belirlenmesi için öncü nitelik taşımasına rağmen; özellikle insan sütüne 2 alternatif formüllerin geliştirilmesi göz önüne alındığında, insan ve keçi kolostrumuna ait proteomik profillerinin detaylıca incelenmesi ve ortak olmayan proteinlerin profil farklılıklarının belirlenmesi gerekmektedir

A case of tinea incognito mimicking subcorneal pustular dermatosis

An 89-year-old woman presented with plaque-like lesions, accompanied with pustules and desquamation on the back and front of the trunk for approximately one year. Long term use of potent topical corticosteroids was ineffective. Because of the chronicity of her condition, the diagnoses of subcorneal dermatosis or subcorneal pustular dermatosis type of IgA pemphigus were considered. However, fungal hyphae were observed in the potassium hydroxide examination. Therefore, we present this case since this clinical appearance of tinea incognito can also mimic various pustular dermatoses

Ultrasound Guided Infraclavicular Block for Pain Control After Upper Extremity Surgery

Background: Opioids added to local anesthetics for peripheral nerve blocks may intensify analgesia and prolong analgesic and sensorial block duration. These agents may also cause potentiation and prolongation of motor block. Objective: This study compared the postoperative effects of 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine +50 mcg fentanyl and 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine + 100 mcg fentanyl solutions for the ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block in patients undergoing elbow and forearm surgery. Methods: In this randomized double-blind study, thirty-six patients with risk of ASA class I-III were randomly allocated into 2 randomized groups. Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular blocks with 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine + 50 mcg fentanyl for group 1 and 30 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine + 100 mcg fentanyl for group 2 were performed before patients emerged from general anesthesia. After surgery, pain levels at rest and during movement were evaluated using the 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS) at recovery room admission, at the 15th and 30th minutes in the recovery room, and at the 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th hours postoperatively. Both morphine and rescue analgesic requirements were recorded. Sensorial and motor block durations, patient satisfaction, and complications related to the infraclavicular block were recorded. Results: In both groups, no significant difference in VAS pain scores, total morphine and total rescue analgesic requirements, duration of sensorial and motor block, or patient satisfaction were observed. None of the patients experienced any complications. Conclusion: The mixtures of 0.25% bupivacaine + 50 mcg fentanyl and 0.25% bupivacaine + 100 mcg fentanyl showed similar postoperative effects

Solar generated steam injection in heavy oil reservoirs: A case study

Combination of solar generated steam technology and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques have attracted a great deal of attention due to its positive impact on economics and on the environment. Solar steam project has already proven itself as it can reduce both gas consumption and CO2 emissions by up to 80%. However, operational issues as well as geographical factors (i.e. terrain suitability, drill sites and future field development plans) may affect solar EOR operations. In this study, a heavy oil field in Southeast Turkey was evaluated to find whether solar EOR is technically and economically feasible. Operational data such as injection rate, steam temperature and steam quality were determined by using a numerical model. A solar collector system was designed and combined with the steam injection method. Results indicated that direct normal insolation (DNI) of the oil field location was not high enough to maintain continuous steam injection. In order to sustain continuous steam injection natural gas burner back-up system must be used when DNI is intermittent to maintain required steam especially during winter nights. Economic analysis of combined system showed that fuel saving cannot compensate the initial cost of solar project with current oil price

The effect of the communication source on brand value and brand trust in publicity of product crisis

Bu çalışmada, ürün krizlerinde hedef kitleye bilgi veren kaynağın marka değerine ve markaya güvene etkisi araştırılmıştır. Yaşanan krizlerin hedef kitleye iletilmesinde iki farklı senaryo belirlenmiştir. Birincisinde ürün krizi firma dışındaki bir kaynak tarafından aktarılmakta, ikinci durumda ise firma tarafından aktarılmaktadır. Her iki durum için de markaya güven ve marka değeri ölçümü amaçlanmıştır. İhtiyaç duyulan veriler anket yardımıyla elde edilmiş ve verilerin analiziyle iki senaryonun sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, şirket ürün krizinde müşterileri doğrudan bilgilendirdiğinde marka değerinde ve marka güvendeki azalmanın daha sınırlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.In this study, the effect of the source, which gives information to the target group in brand crises, on brand trust and on brand value was investigated. Two different scenarios have been developed in the transmission of the living crises to the target group. In the first scenario, the product crisis is announced by a source, which is outside the firm and in the second scenario, it is transmitted by the company. It is aimed to measure the brand trust and the brand value for both situations. The required data were obtained with a questionnaire and the results of the two scenarios were compared with the analysis of the data. According to the results, it has been determined that the decrease in the brand value and in the brand trust is more limited when the company directly inform the customers in the product crisis

Özel Arı Okulları’nın tarihi ve Türk eğitim sistemindeki yeri

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2016.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Özer, Abdürrahim

A case of tinea incognito mimicking subcorneal pustular dermatosis

An 89-year-old woman presented with plaque-like lesions, accompanied with pustules and desquamation on the back and front of the trunk for approximately one year. Long term use of potent topical corticosteroids was ineffective. Because of the chronicity of her condition, the diagnoses of subcorneal dermatosis or subcorneal pustular dermatosis type of IgA pemphigus were considered. However, fungal hyphae were observed in the potassium hydroxide examination. Therefore, we present this case since this clinical appearance of tinea incognito can also mimic various pustular dermatoses

Effect of Thiophene Units on the Properties of Donor Acceptor Type Monomers and Polymers Bearing Thiophene-Benzothiadiazole- Scaffolds

In this article, a series of benzothiadiazole and thiophene based donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type monomers and their corresponding polymers, via potential cycling, were reported. Effect of increasing number of thiophene units in the electron rich donor segment on the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the monomers and their corresponding polymers were reported. Electrochemical and optical properties were determined by cyclic voltammetry, UV-Vis and emission spectrometry. Monomers with one, two and three thiophene units on both sides of benzothiadiazole (TBz, T2Bz, T3Bz) exhibited better conjugation and intramolecular charge transfer with increasing thiophene length. On the other hand, the inverse trend was observed in their corresponding polymers (PTBz, PT2Bz, PT3Bz). Blue shift of the absorption edge in polymer thin films resulted in wider optical bandgap (from 1.70 eV to 1.99 eV) with increasing donor/ acceptor ratio on the polymer chain. Based on our experimental and theoretical studies, molecular weight or branching on these polymers together with degree of stiffness and conformational degree of freedom might be an explanation for these controversial observations. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved