Current status and perspectives of mollusc (bivalves and gastropods) culture in the Spanish Mediterranean

This is a review of the current status, problems and perspectives of bivalve and gastropod culture in the Spanish Mediterranean. Along this coast, bivalve culture has traditionally been located in the two Ebro Delta bays, and in the harbours of Valencia and Mahón, where the main species is the mussel. At present, the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 culture is developing in Andalusia. Ostreid culture is currently limited to two species, the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) in the bays of the Ebro Delta, and the European oyster Ostrea edulis L., 1758 in Santa Pola (Alicante). Cultures of the grooved carpet and Japanese carpet clams, Ruditapes decussatus (L., 1758) and Ruditapes philippinarum (Adamsampersand Reeve, 1850), are located only in the shallow areas of the Ebro Delta. In addition, beds of several species of clams and scallops are distributed along this coast, including the truncate donax Donax trunculus L., 1758, the striped venus Chamelea gallina (L., 1758), the tuberculate cockle Acanthocardia tuberculata (L., 1758) and the smooth callista Callista chione (L., 1758).En este trabajo se revisa la situación actual del cultivo de moluscos bivalvos y gasterópodos en el Mediterráneo español, analizando su problemática y sus perspectivas de futuro. De todo el litoral, el cultivo de moluscos se ha concentrado tradicionalmente en las dos bahías del delta del Ebro y en los puertos de Valencia y Mahón, con el mejillón Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 como la especie de mayor producción, cuyo cultivo, recientemente, se está desarrollando con éxito en Andalucía. El cultivo de ostreidos se limita en la actualidad a dos especies: el ostrón Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) en las bahías del delta del Ebro y la ostra plana Ostrea edulis L., 1758 en Santa Pola (Alicante). El cultivo de almejas Ruditapes decussatus (L., 1758) y R. philippinarum (Adamsampersand Reeve, 1850) se realiza en el delta del Ebro. Además, a lo largo del litoral mediterráneo español existen numerosos bancos naturales de coquina Donax trunculus L., 1758, chirla Chamelea gallina (L., 1758), corruco Acanthocardia tuberculata (L., 1758), almejón Callista chione (L., 1758) y varias especies de almejas y vieiras.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

The red seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) fishery in the Strait of Gibraltar: Data updated for assessment of the ICES Sub area IX

This paper presents the available information of the Red seabrem fishery in the Strait of Gibraltar and updates the documents presented in previous years with the information from the last analyzed year, 2008. The document presents data about landings, LPUE, length frequencies and also biological information for Pagellus bogaraveo which should be used for its assessment.Versión del edito

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Updating the available information from Spanish Red seabream fishery in the Strait of Gibraltar

This paper presents the available information of the Red seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo) Spanish fishery in the Strait of Gibraltar and updates the documents presented in previous years with the information from 2014. This document presents Spanish data about landings, LPUEs, and landings length frequencies

Long-term ecological research of aquatic ecosystem at Guadalquivir estuary (1997-2014): community structure and food web

A long term ecological research program (LTER) is developed monthly at the Guadalquivir estuary since 1997. Inter- and intra-specific euryhalinity differences both in prey and predators seem to determine spatial species distribution at this important nursery area: the less euryhaline species (marine recruits) tends to occur at physiologically more favourable salinities (lower osmotic stress and mortality risk); whereas most euryhaline species (estuarine species) occurred at ecologically more favourable salinities (lower inter-specific competition and predation). Likewise, inter-specific differences in spawning periods cause certain temporal segregation of those marine recruits using the estuary. High spatiotemporal coincidence of prey (mainly mysids and copepods) density peaks with that of their predators suggests food availability as a key factor in the estuarine nursery function. According to their distribution, the estuarine stretch situated seaward from the 5 isohaline position is mainly used as a nursery ground, principally during warm period (T > 15 °C). Thus, human management of the freshwater input to the estuary (from a 110 km upstream dam) modifies the nursery ground extent due to seaward/upstream displacements of the estuarine salinity gradient. During droughts, this freshwater control may also lead to a partial loss of the estuarine nursery function due to a decrease of prey availability linked to extremely high-turbidity events

Estudios de marcado y recaptura de especies marinas

Los resultados obtenidos del marcado y posterior recaptura de los ejemplares son una herramienta muy valiosa para contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento de la biología y ecología de una especie, examinando ciertos aspectos como son: el crecimiento, los movimientos o migraciones, la mortalidad o supervivencia, la abundancia y distribución de la especie, el hábitat y diferenciación de poblaciones o stocks. Actualmente la técnica de marcado se aplica a muchas especies, tanto terrestres como marinas, pertenecientes a diversos grupos zoológicos: peces, crustáceos, reptiles, moluscos y mamíferos. Este libro repasa algunos ejemplos de marcado de especies marinas de interés comercial. No todas las especies pueden ser marcadas, porque es necesario cumplir una serie de requisitos para poder llevar a cabo con éxito un experimento de marcado. En uno de los apartados de esta guía, se describen los distintos aspectos a tener en cuenta para obtener buenos resultados. Se describen los principales proyectos de marcado actualmente en ejecución o en marcha llevados a cabo por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). En primer lugar, se describe brevemente la especie, su distribución, crecimiento, reproducción, alimentación, etc. A continuación, se presenta la información del marcado, es decir, campañas realizadas, número de ejemplares marcados y algunos de los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha a partir de las recapturas disponibles. En algunas especies, los programas de marcado se llevan realizando desde hace más de 20 años, como es el caso del atún rojo, por lo que la información disponible es bastante amplia. En otros casos por el contrario como la merluza, los proyectos son relativamente recientes, no obstante los resultados son bastante interesantes y prometedores.Nowadays many different marine animals are being tagged. This book summarizes recent tagging programs carried out by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO). Although the objectives of these various studies mainly depend on the species and each project in particular, the general aim is to better understand the biology and ecology of these animals the structure and dynamics of their populations and their capacity to respond to human activities. This book provides an overview of different aspects of this technique such as a brief history of tagging, the types of tags currently used, including both conventional and electronic tags, where and how to put them on the marine animals, some recommendations regarding how to perform a tagging survey and where to go or what to do if anyone recovers a tagged fish or marine animal. The book then summarizes the main species tagged by the IEO, making a short description of their biology followed by some of the results obtained from tagging studies undertaken until now. Other applications are to know the spatial distribution (spawning or feeding areas), estimate growth parameters, mortality and survival rates, longevity, the size of the population or identifying stocks. Nowadays the advances in electronics have also open new fields such us the possibility of tracking an animal and knowing its habitat preferences and behaviour. Besides some of these tags have the capacity of recording this information during long periods and sending the data from long distances even without the need to recover the animal. Tagging activities constitute a very useful tool to improve the knowledge of many species and contribute to their management and conservation. For that reason this methodology is included in many IEO projects in which other activities like the monitoring of the fishery (landings, fishing effort, fleet characteristics, fishing areas, biological sampling, etc.) are carried out. Some projects are related with coastal pelagic fisheries including anchovy, sardine and mackerel or oceanic pelagic fisheries like tuna and billfish species and pelagic sharks. Others are focused on benthic and demersal species such as hake, black spot seabream, anglerfish, flatfish, etc. Nevertheless not all species can be tagged, as they have to survive being caught and handled before being release. For this reason, tagging techniques may not easily be applied to some species.Versión del edito

El cultivo de moluscos en Andalucía

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