Un anno di letteratura nefrologica sulla nefrolitiasi

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Europe’s Care Regimes and the Role of Migrant Care Workers Within Them

This paper is an examination of the recent restructuring and subsequent convergence of European long-term care models. This paper also aims to highlight the increased role of migrant care workers and the need for great social and governmental recognition for all care providers. The provision of long term care is complex, divided between state, market and family providers; the state alone could not and does not act as the sole provider of care (Banks 1998). The extent to which different sectors are relied upon is largely dependent on the ideology of the country's welfare state (Timonen and Doyle 2007)

Uso del sonido para discriminar las especies consumidas por vacas

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial uso del sonido para determinar la composición de la dieta de vacas en pastoreo. La hipótesis fue que es posible identificar con precisión las diferentes especies forrajeras consumidas a través del análisis del espectro y otras variables complementarias de los sonidos producidos durante la ingestión. Se utilizaron registros de sonido de cuatro vacas Holando Argentino (620±18,3 kg) pastoreando cuatro especies forrajeras: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), trébol blanco (Trifolium repens), avena (Avena sativa) y festuca alta (Festuca arundinacea) en estado vegetativo. Las especies se ofrecieron en grupos de macetas, de a una especie por vez. Las sesiones de pastoreo se realizaron en forma individual y ordenadas al azar durante seis días consecutivos.Fil: Galli, J.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Milone, Diego Humberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigación en Señales, Sistemas e Inteligencia Computacional. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas. Instituto de Investigación en Señales, Sistemas e Inteligencia Computacional; ArgentinaFil: Cangiano, Carlos Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Pece, Mariela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Larripa, M.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Rufiner, Hugo Leonardo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Laca, E. A.. University of California; Estados Unido

Uso del sonido para discriminar los eventos masticatorios de vacas en pastoreo.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener información básica para evaluar el potencial uso del sonido para discriminar los eventos masticatorios de vacas en pastoreo. La hipótesis fue que es posible identificar con precisión los diferentes tipos de eventos masticatorios a través del análisis del espectro y otras variables características de los sonidos. Se registraron los sonidos ingestivos cuatro vacas Holando Argentino (596±26,2 kg) pastoreando alfalfa (Medicago sativa) o raigrás anual (Lolium multiflorum) en lotes separados y sembrados en forma convencional.Fil: Galli, Julio Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Milone, Diego Humberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigación en Señales, Sistemas e Inteligencia Computacional. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas. Instituto de Investigación en Señales, Sistemas e Inteligencia Computacional; ArgentinaFil: Cangiano, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extension Rural Balcarce.; ArgentinaFil: Pece, Mariela Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extension Rural Balcarce.; ArgentinaFil: Larripa, M.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extension Rural Balcarce.; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, C.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extension Rural Balcarce.; ArgentinaFil: Laca, E. A.. University of California; Estados Unido

Processing of Retinal Signals in Normal and HCN Deficient Mice

This study investigates the role of two different HCN channel isoforms in the light response of the outer retina. Taking advantage of HCN-deficient mice models and of in vitro (patch-clamp) and in vivo (ERG) recordings of retinal activity we show that HCN1 and HCN2 channels are expressed at distinct retinal sites and serve different functions. Specifically, HCN1 operate mainly at the level of the photoreceptor inner segment from where, together with other voltage sensitive channels, they control the time course of the response to bright light. Conversely, HCN2 channels are mainly expressed on the dendrites of bipolar cells and affect the response to dim lights. Single cell recordings in HCN1−/− mice or during a pharmacological blockade of Ih show that, contrary to previous reports, Ikx alone is able to generate the fast initial transient in the rod bright flash response. Here we demonstrate that the relative contribution of Ih and Ikx to the rods' temporal tuning depends on the membrane potential. This is the first instance in which the light response of normal and HCN1- or HCN2-deficient mice is analyzed in single cells in retinal slice preparations and in integrated full field ERG responses from intact animals. This comparison reveals a high degree of correlation between single cell current clamp data and ERG measurements. A novel picture emerges showing that the temporal profile of the visual response to dim and bright luminance changes is separately determined by the coordinated gating of distinct voltage dependent conductances in photoreceptors and bipolar cells

Old(er) Care home residents and sexual/intimate citizenship

Sexuality and intimacy in care homes for older people are overshadowed by concern with prolonging physical and/or psychological autonomy.When sexuality and intimacy have been addressed in scholarship, this can reflect a sexological focus concerned with howto continue sexual activitywithreduced capacity.We reviewthe (Anglophone) academic and practitioner literatures bearing on sexuality and intimacy in relation to older care home residents (though much of this applies to older people generally).We highlight how ageism (or ageist erotophobia), which defines older people as post-sexual, restricts opportunities for the expression of sexuality and intimacy. In doing so, we draw attention to more critical writing that recognises constraints on sexuality and intimacy and indicates solutions to some of the problems identified. We also highlight problems faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGB&T) residents who are doubly excluded from sexual/intimate citizenship because of ageism combined with the heterosexual assumption. Older LGB&T residents/individuals can feel obliged to deny or disguise their identity. We conclude by outlining an agenda for research based on more sociologically informed practitioner-led work

Klinefelter syndrome: cardiovascular abnormalities and metabolic disorders

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is one of the most common genetic causes of male infertility. This condition is associated with much comorbidity and with a lower life expectancy. The aim of this review is to explore more in depth cardiovascular and metabolic disorders associated to KS. KS patients have an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease (standardized mortality ratio, SMR, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.6–3.0), but it is not clear whether the cause of the death is of thrombotic or hemorrhagic nature. Cardiovascular congenital anomalies (SMR, 7.3; 95% CI, 2.4–17.1) and the development of thrombosis or leg ulcers (SMR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.9–17.2) are also more frequent in these subjects. Moreover, cardiovascular abnormalities may be at least partially reversed by testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). KS patients have also an increased probability of endocrine and/or metabolic disease, especially obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effects of TRT on these abnormalities are not entirely clear