497 research outputs found
Chiral SU(3) Dynamics with Coupled Channels: Inclusion of P-Wave Multipoles
We extend our recent non-perturbative chiral SU(3) coupled channel approach
to pion- and photon-induced - and -meson production off protons by
including all strong and electromagnetic p-wave multipoles. We identify the
p-wave amplitudes of the next-to-leading order SU(3) chiral meson-baryon
Lagrangian with a coupled channel potential which is iterated to infinite
orders in a separable Lippmann-Schwinger equation. Our approach to - and
-photoproduction introduces no additional free parameters. By adjusting a
few finite range parameters and the unknown parameters in the Lagrangian, we
are able to simultaneously describe a very large amount of low-energy data.
These include the total and differential cross sections of the -induced
reactions and
as well as those of photoproduction . The polarization observables
measured in - and -photoproduction are particularly sensitive to
interference terms between the s- and p-wave multipoles. The total cross
section data are remarkably well reproduced in all channels. There remain,
however, some open questions concerning details of angular distributions and
polarization observables.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys.
Strange Decays of Nonstrange Baryons
The strong decays of excited nonstrange baryons into the final states Lambda
K, Sigma K, and for the first time into Lambda(1405) K, Lambda(1520) K,
Sigma(1385) K, Lambda K*, and Sigma K*, are examined in a relativized quark
pair creation model. The wave functions and parameters of the model are fixed
by previous calculations of N pi and N pi pi, etc., decays. Our results show
that it should be possible to discover several new negative parity excited
baryons and confirm the discovery of several others by analyzing these final
states in kaon production experiments. We also establish clear predictions for
the relative strengths of certain states to decay to Lambda(1405) K and
Lambda(1520) K, which can be tested to determine if a three-quark model of the
Lambda(1405) K is valid. Our results compare favorably with the results of
partial wave analyses of the limited existing data for the Lambda K and Sigma K
channels. We do not find large Sigma K decay amplitudes for a substantial group
of predicted and weakly established negative-parity states, in contrast to the
only previous work to consider decays of these states into the strange final
states Lambda K and Sigma K.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, RevTe
The reaction pi+ p --> K+ Sigma+ in a unitary coupled-channels model
Elastic pi N scattering and the reaction pi+ p --> K+ Sigma+ are described
simultaneously in a unitary coupled-channels approach which respects
analyticity. SU(3) flavor symmetry is used to relate the t- and u-channel
exchanges that drive the meson-baryon interaction in the different channels.
Angular distributions, polarizations, and spin-rotation parameters are compared
with available experimental data. The pole structure of the amplitudes is
extracted from the analytic continuation.Comment: 43 pages, 15 figures, Version accepted for publication in Nuclear
Physics
P-wave excited baryons from pion- and photo-induced hyperon production
We report evidence for , , ,
, , and , and find
indications that might have a companion state at 1970\,MeV. The
controversial is not seen. The evidence is derived from a
study of data on pion- and photo-induced hyperon production, but other data are
included as well. Most of the resonances reported here were found in the
Karlsruhe-Helsinki (KH84) and the Carnegie-Mellon (CM) analyses but were
challenged recently by the Data Analysis Center at GWU. Our analysis is
constrained by the energy independent scattering amplitudes from either
KH84 or GWU. The two amplitudes from KH84 or GWU, respectively, lead to
slightly different branching ratios of contributing resonances but the
debated resonances are required in both series of fits.Comment: 22 pages, 28 figures. Some additional sets of data are adde
Discriminatory optical force for chiral molecules
We suggest that the force F exerted upon a chiral molecule by light assumes the form F = a∇w + b∇h under appropriate circumstances, where a and b pertain to the molecule whilst w and h are the local densities of electric energy and helicity in the optical field; the gradients ∇ of these quantities thus governing the molecule’s centre-of-mass motion. Whereas a is identical for the mirror- image forms or enantiomers of the molecule, b has opposite signs; the associated contribution to F therefore pointing in opposite directions. A simple optical field is presented for which ∇w vanishes but ∇h does not, so that F is absolutely discriminatory. We then present two potential applications: a Stern–Gerlach-type deflector capable of spatially separating the enantiomers of a chiral molecule and a diffraction grating to which chiral molecules alone are sensitive; the resulting diffraction patterns thus encoding information about their chiral geometry
Search for CP Violation in the Decay Z -> b (b bar) g
About three million hadronic decays of the Z collected by ALEPH in the years
1991-1994 are used to search for anomalous CP violation beyond the Standard
Model in the decay Z -> b \bar{b} g. The study is performed by analyzing
angular correlations between the two quarks and the gluon in three-jet events
and by measuring the differential two-jet rate. No signal of CP violation is
found. For the combinations of anomalous CP violating couplings, and , limits of \hat{h}_b < 0.59h^{\ast}_{b} < 3.02$ are given at 95\% CL.Comment: 8 pages, 1 postscript figure, uses here.sty, epsfig.st
Comparison of Lambda and Sigma(0) Threshold Production in Proton-Proton Collisions
Threshold measurements of the associated strangeness production reactions pp
--> p K(+) Lambda and pp --> p K(+) Sigma(0) are presented. Although slight
differences in the shapes of the excitation functions are observed, the most
remarkable feature of the data is that at the same excess energy the total
cross section for the Sigma(0) production appears to be about a factor of 28
smaller than the one for the Lambda particle. It is concluded that strong
Sigma(0)-p final state interactions, and in particular the Sigma-N --> Lambda-p
conversion reaction, are the likely cause of the depletion for the yield in the
Sigma signal. This hypothesis is in line with other experimental evidence in
the literature.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
Do Nurses Use Discourse Markers Differently when Using Their Second Language as Opposed to Their First while Interviewing Patients?
This study examined whether discourse-marker use changes in nurse-patient interactions as a function of nurses using their first (L1) or second (L2) language. Discourse markers were analyzed as turn-maintenance markers that indicate acknowledgement and discourse-shift markers that signal shifts of a topic or speaker in the conversation. These two categories differ in terms of degree of discourse management and interactional control. Sixteen nurses conducted a pain-assessment interview with a patient native speaker of English and with a patient native speaker of French, where the nurses used their own L1 in one case and their own weaker L2 in the other. The first hypothesis, that nurses would generally use discourse markers more frequently in the L1 than in the L2, was not supported. The second hypothesis, that nurses would use discourse-shift markers less frequently in their L2 compared to the L1, relative to their (baseline) use of turn-maintenance markers, was supported. The findings, especially the support for the second hypothesis, could have implications for the development of L2 training for health practitioners.</p
Nucleon resonances in the fourth resonance region
Nucleon and resonances in the fourth resonance region are studied in
a multichannel partial-wave analysis which includes nearly all available data
on pion- and photo-induced reactions off protons. In the high-mass range, above
1850\,MeV, several alternative solutions yield a good description of the data.
For these solutions, masses, widths, pole residues and photo-couplings are
given. In particular, we find evidence for nucleon resonances with
spin-parities . For one set of solutions, there are four
resonances forming naturally a spin-quartet of resonances with orbital angular
momentum L=2 and spin S=3/2 coupling to . Just below 1.9\,GeV we
find a spin doublet of resonances with and . Since a spin
partner with is missing at this mass, the two resonances form a
spin doublet which must have a symmetric orbital-angular-momentum wave function
with L=1. For another set of solutions, the four positive-parity resonances are
accompanied by mass-degenerate negative-parity partners -- as suggested by the
conjecture of chiral symmetry restoration. The possibility of a spin doublet at 1900\,MeV belonging to a 20-plet is discussed.Comment: 16 page
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