Mortalidad por cáncer oral en Chile entre los años 2002-2012

Tesis (Cirujano Dentista, Grado de Magíster en Ciencias Odontológicas)En Chile desde 1970 el cáncer es la 2a causa de muerte, siendo el cáncer oral un problema de salud de alcance mundial, según lo indica la OMS. En nuestro país el 1% de los habitantes fallece a causa de una neoplasia a nivel oral. Objetivo: Conocer la tasa de mortalidad bruta por cáncer oral en Chile y sus regiones, durante los años 2002 a 2012. Materiales y Métodos: Los datos de mortalidad fueron obtenidos de los archivos de defunciones del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE) entre los años 2002-2012 a través del sub-departamento de información ciudadana (SIAC). Las tasas brutas de mortalidad fueron calculadas con los datos publicados por el MINSAL en su registro poblacional total hasta el año 2012. Resultados: En Chile, la mortalidad por cáncer oral corresponde a 1.0 fallecido cada 100.000 habitantes, destacando a Tarapacá (1,33), Antofagasta (1,30) y Magallanes (1,26), como las regiones que sobresalen del promedio nacional. Un 63% de los afectados son hombres y un 37% mujeres, con una relación H:M 1,7:1. La edad promedio de fallecimiento es a los 68 años, siendo el cáncer de lengua la ubicación anatómica más frecuente, seguido por el cáncer parotídeo. Conclusión: La mortalidad por cáncer oral en Chile ha permanecido estable con un 1% durante las últimas 6 décadas, siendo el número de fallecidos proporcional al número de habitantes de cada región. La edad media de fallecimiento de los hombres ha disminuido, aunque aún siguen siendo más afectados que las mujere

Implementacion composicional del Core de SPARQL

48 p.En los últimos años la iniciativa de la W3C acerca de una web con significado, llamada Web Semántica toma cada día mayor importancia. En la base de la arquitectura por capas de la web semántica se encuentra el modelo de datos RDF, el cual es utilizado para describir las relaciones entre los recursos de la Web. Para consultar este modelo de datos, la W3C ha desarrollado el lenguaje SPARQL el cual debido a su especificación, contiene vacíos y ambiguedades que son cubiertas por [14], artículo en el cual además de la especificación formal del lenguaje, que nos permite definir de manera certera la semántica de sus operadores, mencionan ciertos hallazgos producto de este trabajo que mejoran en ciertos casos específicos el rendimiento en la evaluación de consultas SPARQL. El siguiente trabajo presenta el desarrollo de una implementación de SPARQL que recoge los resultados de [14] y presenta una comparación del rendimiento de este desarrollo con respecto a la principal implementación del lenguaje llamada ARQ./ ABSTRACT: Last years theW3C’s intitiative about a web with meaning, called Semantic Web, takes more relevance every day. In the base of the layer architecture of the semantic web is the RDF data model, which is used to describe relationships between resources in the web. In order to query this data model, the W3C has develop the SPARQL language, which due to his specification, contains gaps and ambiguities covered by [14], article in which besides of the formal specification of the language, that allow us to define in an accurate way the semantic of his operators, it mentions some findings product of this work that improves in some specific cases the perfomance of the evaluation of SPARQL queries. The following work presents the develop of an implementation that uses the results of [14] and also presents a comparison between the performance of this implementation and the performace of the main implementation of SPARQL, ARQ

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans – anteaters, sloths, and armadillos – have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with 24 domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, ten anteaters, and six sloths. Our dataset includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data-paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the south of the USA, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to its austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n=5,941), and Cyclopes sp. has the fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n=11,588), and the least recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n=33). With regards to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n=962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other datasets of Neotropical Series which will become available very soon (i.e. Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans dataset

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data