Mezenterik Kistik Lenfanjiom: BT Bulguları

Abdominal lenfanjiomlar oldukça seyrek görülen kistik lezyonlar olup en sık ince barsak mezenterinde yerleşim gösterir. Asemptomatik olabileceği gibi akut ya da kronik karın ağrısı ve distansiyon gibi nonspesifik semptomlar görülebilir. Ultrasonografi ile lezyonun kistik karakteri belirlenebilmekle beraber kompleks anatomik ilişkilerinin saptanabilmesi için BT ve MRG gereklidir. Çalışmamızda çok kesitli BT incelemesinde insidental olarak saptanan, ince barsak mezenterinde lokalize kistik lenfanjiom olgusunun bulguları sunulmuştur

Evaluation of Patients Diagnosed with Brain Death in Pediatric Critical Care

Introduction: The incidence of brain death in pediatric intensive care units is not known precisely. Studies of brain death-organ donation in children are few and the etiology of brain death in pediatric patients is different than in adults. Our aim was to present cases of brain death occurred in our pediatric intensive care unit in a two-year period and discuss the causes of organ donation failure. Methods: Medical reports of patients diagnosed with brain death between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2016 in our pediatric intensive care unit were retrospectively reviewed. Data were screened according one age, gender, reason of hospitalization and mean duration of brain death evaluation. Results: A total of 806 patients were followed up in our pediatric intensive care unit in the two-year period. Of these patients, 83 (10.2%) died and brain death was detected in 14 (17%) of this patients. The mean duration of brain death was 2.14±1.16 days. The reasons for hospital admission were infection in 3 patients, asphyxia in 4 patients, malignancy in 4 patients, drowning in 2, and trauma in 1 patient. The mean age of the patients diagnosed with brain death was 6.96±5.53 (minimum: 0.6, maximum: 16 year) years. 6 patients (42.8%) were female and 8 patients (57.2%) were male. Doppler ultrasonography was used as an additional test for the diagnosis of brain death in 11 patients (78.6%). None of the patients became organ donor because of medical unsuitability and family disagreement. Conclusion: Due to high occupancy, trauma patients may rarely be found in our pediatric intensive care unit. Most of the brain deaths are caused by asphyxia (mostly food aspiration), malignancy and drowning in water (freshwater). The rate of organ donation in pediatric patients is lower than in adults. For this reason, it is even more important to increase the number of patients diagnosed with brain death in pediatric intensive care units. We believe that the awareness of brain death may increase if it is known that also diseases other than traumatic brain injury may cause brain death. We also believe that increased awareness of brain death determination and communication with patient relatives are necessary to increase the number of organ donation

Replicated evidence that endophenotypic expression of schizophrenia polygenic risk is greater in healthy siblings of patients compared to controls, suggesting gene-environment interaction. The EUGEI study

Background First-degree relatives of patients with psychotic disorder have higher levels of polygenic risk (PRS) for schizophrenia and higher levels of intermediate phenotypes. Methods We conducted, using two different samples for discovery (n = 336 controls and 649 siblings of patients with psychotic disorder) and replication (n = 1208 controls and 1106 siblings), an analysis of association between PRS on the one hand and psychopathological and cognitive intermediate phenotypes of schizophrenia on the other in a sample at average genetic risk (healthy controls) and a sample at higher than average risk (healthy siblings of patients). Two subthreshold psychosis phenotypes, as well as a standardised measure of cognitive ability, based on a short version of the WAIS-III short form, were used. In addition, a measure of jumping to conclusion bias (replication sample only) was tested for association with PRS. Results In both discovery and replication sample, evidence for an association between PRS and subthreshold psychosis phenotypes was observed in the relatives of patients, whereas in the controls no association was observed. Jumping to conclusion bias was similarly only associated with PRS in the sibling group. Cognitive ability was weakly negatively and non-significantly associated with PRS in both the sibling and the control group. Conclusions The degree of endophenotypic expression of schizophrenia polygenic risk depends on having a sibling with psychotic disorder, suggestive of underlying gene–environment interaction. Cognitive biases may better index genetic risk of disorder than traditional measures of neurocognition, which instead may reflect the population distribution of cognitive ability impacting the prognosis of psychotic disorder

Cognitive functioning throughout adulthood and illness stages in individuals with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings

Important questions remain about the profile of cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders across adulthood and illness stages. The age-associated profile of familial impairments also remains unclear, as well as the effect of factors, such as symptoms, functioning, and medication. Using cross-sectional data from the EU-GEI and GROUP studies, comprising 8455 participants aged 18 to 65, we examined cognitive functioning across adulthood in patients with psychotic disorders (n = 2883), and their unaffected siblings (n = 2271), compared to controls (n = 3301). An abbreviated WAIS-III measured verbal knowledge, working memory, visuospatial processing, processing speed, and IQ. Patients showed medium to large deficits across all functions (ES range = -0.45 to -0.73, p <0.001), while siblings showed small deficits on IQ, verbal knowledge, and working memory (ES = -0.14 to -0.33, p <0.001). Magnitude of impairment was not associated with participant age, such that the size of impairment in older and younger patients did not significantly differ. However, first-episode patients performed worse than prodromal patients (ES range = -0.88 to -0.60, p <0.001). Adjusting for cannabis use, symptom severity, and global functioning attenuated impairments in siblings, while deficits in patients remained statistically significant, albeit reduced by half (ES range = -0.13 to -0.38, p <0.01). Antipsychotic medication also accounted for around half of the impairment in patients (ES range = -0.21 to -0.43, p <0.01). Deficits in verbal knowledge, and working memory may specifically index familial, i.e., shared genetic and/or shared environmental, liability for psychotic disorders. Nevertheless, potentially modifiable illness-related factors account for a significant portion of the cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders

Cognitive functioning throughout adulthood and illness stages in individuals with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings.

Important questions remain about the profile of cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders across adulthood and illness stages. The age-associated profile of familial impairments also remains unclear, as well as the effect of factors, such as symptoms, functioning, and medication. Using cross-sectional data from the EU-GEI and GROUP studies, comprising 8455 participants aged 18 to 65, we examined cognitive functioning across adulthood in patients with psychotic disorders (n = 2883), and their unaffected siblings (n = 2271), compared to controls (n = 3301). An abbreviated WAIS-III measured verbal knowledge, working memory, visuospatial processing, processing speed, and IQ. Patients showed medium to large deficits across all functions (ES range = -0.45 to -0.73, p < 0.001), while siblings showed small deficits on IQ, verbal knowledge, and working memory (ES = -0.14 to -0.33, p < 0.001). Magnitude of impairment was not associated with participant age, such that the size of impairment in older and younger patients did not significantly differ. However, first-episode patients performed worse than prodromal patients (ES range = -0.88 to -0.60, p < 0.001). Adjusting for cannabis use, symptom severity, and global functioning attenuated impairments in siblings, while deficits in patients remained statistically significant, albeit reduced by half (ES range = -0.13 to -0.38, p < 0.01). Antipsychotic medication also accounted for around half of the impairment in patients (ES range = -0.21 to -0.43, p < 0.01). Deficits in verbal knowledge, and working memory may specifically index familial, i.e., shared genetic and/or shared environmental, liability for psychotic disorders. Nevertheless, potentially modifiable illness-related factors account for a significant portion of the cognitive impairment in psychotic disorders.The European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. HEALTH-F2-2010-241909 (EU-GEI)

Examining facial emotion recognition as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis: findings from the EUGEI study

Background Social cognition impairments, such as facial emotion recognition (FER), have been acknowledged since the earliest description of schizophrenia. Here, we tested FER as an intermediate phenotype for psychosis using two approaches that are indicators of genetic risk for schizophrenia: the proxy-genetic risk approach (family design) and the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS-SCZ). Methods The sample comprised 2039 individuals with schizophrenia, 2141 siblings, and 2049 healthy controls (HC). The Degraded Facial Affect Recognition Task (DFAR) was applied to measure the FER accuracy. Schizotypal traits in siblings and HC were assessed using the Structured Interview for Schizotypy-Revised (SIS-R). The PRS-SCZ was trained using the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium results. Regression models were applied to test the association of DFAR with psychosis risk, SIS-R, and PRS-SCZ. Results The DFAR-total scores were lower in individuals with schizophrenia than in siblings (RR = 0.97 [95% CI 0.97, 0.97]), who scored lower than HC (RR = 0.99 [95% CI 0.99–1.00]). The DFAR-total scores were negatively associated with SIS-R total scores in siblings (B = −2.04 [95% CI −3.72, −0.36]) and HC (B = −2.93 [95% CI −5.50, −0.36]). Different patterns of association were observed for individual emotions. No significant associations were found between DFAR scores and PRS-SCZ. Conclusions Our findings based on a proxy genetic risk approach suggest that FER deficits may represent an intermediate phenotype for schizophrenia. However, a significant association between FER and PRS-SCZ was not found. In the future, genetic mechanisms underlying FER phenotypes should be investigated trans-diagnostically

Titanya parçacıklarının polilaktit bazlı kompozitlerin davranışlarına etkileri.

In the first part of this thesis, the main aim was to compare influences of various contents of the micron (200 nm) and nano (50 nm) sized titania (TiO2) particles especially on the mechanical performance of the polylactide (PLA) biopolymer. Micro and nano composites were prepared by twin-screw extruder melt mixing, while the specimens were shaped by compression molding. SEM analyses and mechanical tests revealed that due to the most uniform distribution in the matrix, the best improvements in the strength, elastic modulus and fracture toughness values could be obtained either by 5 wt. % micro-TiO2 or by only 2 wt. % nano-TiO2 particles. The secondary aim of this part was to investigate influences of using maleic anhydride (MA) grafted copolymer (PLA-g-MA) compatibilization on the performance of one nanocomposite composition. Due to the improved chemical interfacial adhesion, use of PLA-g-MA compatibilization for the specimen of PLA/2 wt. % n-TiO2 composition resulted in the highest improvements in the mechanical performance of neat PLA. The improvements were 14% in tensile strength, 20% in flexural modulus and as much as 67% in fracture toughness. Thermal behavior of all specimens were also analysed by DSC and TG analyses. In the second part of the thesis, the purpose was to investigate mechanical and thermal performance of 2 mm thick PLA specimens against UV irradiation; first when only adding benzotriazole based organic UV absorber (UVA), micron and nano sized TiO2 particles alone, and then to reveal possible synergism when they are added together. Specimens prepared by the same techniques were exposed to UV irradiation under fluorescent lamps (UVB-313) with 0.50 W/m2 for the periods of 12 and 24 days. Changes in the performance of UV irradiated specimens were evaluated in terms of % weight loss, changes in color and chemical structure, including the decreases in the mechanical and thermal properties. Various tests and analysis conducted in this part revealed that synergistic benefits of using micro and nano TiO2 particles together with benzotriazole type UVA were not only due to the effective stiffening, strengthening and toughening actions of titania particles but also due to their very significant “UV screening” actions absorbing the photons of the UV irradiation, thus decreasing the degree of the detrimental photodegradation reactions leading to chain scissions in their PLA matrix.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Uydu görüntüleri kullanarak, bir arazi mobil robotunun evrensel yerselleştirilmesi.

In this dissertation, the mapping of outdoor environments and localization of a mobile robot in that setting is considered. It is well known that in the absence of a map or precise pose estimates, localization and mapping is a coupled problem. However, in this dissertation this problem is decoupled in to two disjoint steps; mapping and localization on the acquired map. First the images of the outdoor environment is downloaded from a website such as Google Earth and then these images are processed by utilizing several artificial neural network topologies to create maps. Once these maps are obtained, the localization is done by using Monte Carlo localization. This dissertation addresses a solution for the information which is most of the time taken for granted in most studies; a prior map of environment. Mapping is solved by using a novel approach; the map of the environment is created by processing satellite images. Several global localization techniques are developed and evaluated to be used with these map so as to localize a mobile robot globally. The outcome of this novel approach presented here may serve as a virtual GPS. Mobile phone applications can localize a user within a circle of uncertainty without GPS. This crude localization may be used to download relevant satellite images of the local environment. Once the mobile robot is localized on the map created from the satellite images by using available techniques in the literature i.e. Monte Carlo localization, it may be claimed that it is localized on Earth.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Kişisel Eğitmen Eşliğinde Yapılan Sporun Bireylere Kazanımları

In this study which is done to examine how personal training activities changed its’ participants lives and that changes’ role on physical, psychological and social life conditions of the participants and the study searched for an answer to the question of how did personal training make a difference in means of physical, psychological and social dimensions. Qualitative research design is used in this study which is tried to deal with the personal training phenomenon in the context of symbolic capital accumulation. Data of the research were collected by semi-structural interviews and in this context semi-structured interview form was used. Data were collected in March and April 2017 and, face to face interviews were done with the volunteer participants who didn’t go to the gym continuingly although they were members of other fittnes centers before and also were getting personal training courses routinely at least eighteen months. Collected data was analysed by content analysis technique. Analysis of the participants’ views showed that their primary aim for worked with a personal trainer was physical fitness. It was seen that they wanted to have a healthy body and to perform physical activities more easily. Besides, they expressed their views as they worked with a personal trainer to up to their health problems. Personal training was affective because of the program which was developed according to the needs and wants of the members. Participants expressed their views as they reached their aims faster and more easily because of the workouts which were directed to their health problems and individual aims. Workouts with personal trainer changed participants’ nutrition, dress senses and social environments where they couldn’t go before because of their physical anxieties. Participants stated that with personal training their work lives’ quality is increased and their positive perspectives to the life affected their family, work and social lives positively. Participants said that they began to behave more scientifically after personal training process because their opportunity to asked questions to the trainer about their interests.ONAY SAYFASI iii YAYIMLAMA VE MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI iv ETİK BEYAN v ÖZET vi ABSTRACT vii İÇİNDEKİLER viii 1. GİRİŞ 1 1.1. Araştırmanın Amacı 5 1.2. Problem 5 1.3. Sınırlılıklar 5 1.4. Tanımlar 6 1.5. Araştırmanın Önemi 6 2. GENEL BİLGİLER 9 2.1. Fiziksel Aktivite, Spor ve Spor Alışkanlığı 9 2.2. Kişisel Eğitim (Personal Training) 13 2.3. Toplumsallaşma ve Spor Sosyalizasyon Süreci 21 3. BİREYLER VE YÖNTEM 33 3.1. Araştırma Grubu 34 3.2. Veri Toplama Aracı 36 3.3. Verilerin Toplanması 37 3.4. Verilerin Analizi 39 3.5. Araştırmacının Konumu 40 3.6. Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik 41 3.7. Veri Toplama Aracının Uygulama Süreci 42 3.8. Etik Konular 43 4. BULGULAR 44 4.1. Kişisel Eğitim Uygulamalarına Katılma Nedenleri 44 4.1.1. Fiziksel uygunluk alt-teması 44 4.1.2. Beden imgesine katkı alt-teması 45 4.1.3. Sosyal fiziksel kaygı alt-teması 46 4.2. Kişisel Eğitim (Personal Training) Uygulamaları Bireye Özgü İhtiyaçları Karşılama Fırsatı Veriyor 47 4.2.1. Bireye özgü olma alt-teması 48 4.2.2. İhtiyaçların karşılanması alt-teması 49 4.2.3. Disiplin alt-teması 50 4.2.4. Popülerlik alt-teması 51 4.3. Kişisel Eğitim Uygulamaları Gündelik Yaşamın Kalitesini Arttırıyor 53 4.3.1. Gündelik yaşam alışkanlıklarında değişim alt-teması 53 4.3.2. Yaşam kalitesinde artış alt-teması 55 4.4. Kişisel Eğitim Uygulamalarına Katılım ile Fiziksel ve Psikolojik Değişimlere Yönelik Kazanımlar 57 4.4.1. Fiziksel değişime yönelik kazanımlar alt-teması 57 4.4.2. Psikolojik değişime yönelik kazanımlar alt-teması 59 4.5. Kişisel Eğitim Uygulamaları Fiziksel Aktivetiyi Sürdürülebilir Bir Davranış Haline Getirmekte 61 4.5.1. Kazanımları devam ettirme alt-teması 62 4.5.2. Alışkanlık alt-teması 63 4.5.3. Bilimsel bakış açısı alt-teması 65 5. TARTIŞMA 68 6. SONUÇLAR VE ÖNERİLER 80 6.1. Sonuçlar 80 6.2. Öneriler 87 7. KAYNAKLAR 89 8. EKLER 105 8.1. Etik Kurul Onayı 105 8.2. Araştırma Amaçlı Çalışma İçin Bilgilendirilmiş Onam Formu 106 8.3. Gönüllü Katılım Formu 107 8.4. Görüşme Soruları 108 8.5. Katılım Sonrası Bilgilendirme Formu 109 9. ÖZGEÇMİŞ 110Bu çalışmada kişisel eğitim (personal training) hizmeti almanın fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal boyutlarda nasıl bir fark yarattığı sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma deseninden yararlanılmış ve kişisel eğitim alan kişilerin bu eğitimi alma nedenleri ve elde etmiş oldukları kazanımlar görüşleri incelenerek ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırmada veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri 2017 yılı Mart ve Nisan aylarında, araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan kişilerle yüzyüze görüşmeler yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Katılımcıların görüşleri incelendiğinde, kişisel eğitim uygulamalarından yararlanmaya yönelik öncelikli amaçlarının daha sağlıklı bir bedene sahip olmak ve fiziksel aktiviteleri daha kolay gerçekleştirebilmek, dolayısıyla fiziksel uygunluğa dair gelişim sağlamak olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun yanı sıra, katılımcılar mevcut sağlık sorunlarının üstesinden gelmek ve daha sağlıklı bir bedene sahip olmak amaçlarıyla kişisel eğitim uygulamasından yararlandıkları yönünde de görüş belirtmişlerdir. Kişiler sağlık problemlerine ya da ulaşmak istedikleri hedeflere yönelik antrenmanlarla amaçlarına daha kısa sürede ve daha kolay ulaştıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Kişisel eğitim hizmeti alan bireylerin beslenme alışkanlıklarında, giyim tarzlarında ve tercih ettikleri sosyal mekanlarda değişim olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kişisel eğitim uygulamasından yararlanan kişiler bu deneyimin hem fiziksel hem de zihinsel olarak kendilerini daha sağlıklı hissetmelerine, çalışma yaşamlarında daha verimli olduklarını düşünmelerine, hayata bakış açılarında olumlu değişimler yaşanmasına, aileleriyle ve arkadaşlarıyla daha kaliteli zaman geçirmelerine neden olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Kişisel eğitim sürecinde bilgi edinme olanağına kavuşan kişilerin kulaktan dolma bilgiler yerine bilimsel veriler doğrultusunda davranmaya başladıkları belirlenmiştir

Automated porosity measurement using image analysis techniques.

M.S. - Master of Scienc