Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans GroEL Protein Promotes Conversion of Human CD4+ T Cells into IFNγ IL10 Producing Tbet+ Th1 Cells

One of the heat shock family protein (Hsp) expressing bacteria is the gram negative, periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). A. actinomycetemcomitans' Hsp is a 64-kDa GroEL-protein, which has been shown to influence the host cells. In this study we used recombinant A. actinomycetemcomitans GroEL (rAaGroEL) protein as a model antigen to study GroEL-mediated T cell immune response. Human peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs), when stimulated with recombinant rAaGroEL, expressed early activation marker CD69 and IL-2R (CD25). CD25 and CD69 expressions were higher in CD4+ T cells compared to CD8+ T cells. rAaGroEL-responding CD4+ T cells expressed IL-10, IFNγ and TNFα cytokines. Interestingly, there were also IL-10 and IFNγ double cytokine producing CD4+ T cells. Additionally, IFNγ expressing CD4+ T cells were also T-bet positive. Altogether the results suggest that rAaGroEL protein affects CD4+ T cells to differentiate into IFNγ IL10-secreting T-bet+ Th1 cells.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (106T417

The Treatment of Recurrent Urothelial Tumors of the Upper Urinary System and at Urostomy Site following Radical Cystectomy with Intraureteral Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Cryotherapy

Urinary bladder carcinoma is the second most common cancer of the urinary system. The recurrence rate in the upper urinary system (UUS) for urothelial cancers is around 3% following radical cystectomy. The followup generally consists of imaging studies and urinary cytology, although there are no prospective data on the frequency, the mode, and the duration of followup. In patients carefully selected according to risk factors, kidney-sparing minimally invasive methods (ureteroscopic procedures, percutaneous approach, and local drug instillation) appear as contemporary alternatives for low-grade and low-stage primary UUS. In this paper, we present the patient who underwent radical cystectomy with urinary diversion ureterocutaneostomy, was diagnosed with widespread bilateral UUS tumors and recurrent tumor at the urostomy site at active followup, for which he was given local Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and cryotherapy, and was followed by disease-free for 2 years thereafter

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Wiebke Hortsch: Sprachliche Bildung im Elementar- und Primarbereich. Ethnographische Feldstudien zur Transition von Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland und Finnland. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2015 (225 S.) [Rezension]

Rezension von: Wiebke Hortsch: Sprachliche Bildung im Elementar- und Primarbereich. Ethnographische Feldstudien zur Transition von Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland und Finnland. Bad Heilbrunn: Klinkhardt 2015 (225 S.; ISBN 978-3-7815-2006-6; 42,00 EUR)

Anna Schnitzer / Rebecca Mörgen (Hrsg.): Mehrsprachigkeit und (Un-)Gesagtes. Sprache als soziale Praxis in der Migrationsgesellschaft. Weinheim / Basel: Beltz Juventa 2015 (218 S.) [Rezension]

Rezension von: Anna Schnitzer / Rebecca Mörgen (Hrsg.): Mehrsprachigkeit und (Un-)Gesagtes. Sprache als soziale Praxis in der Migrationsgesellschaft. Weinheim / Basel: Beltz Juventa 2015 (218 S.; ISBN 978-3-7799-2944-4; 29,95 EUR)

THE EFFECT OF PLANT SPECIES ON SOME ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF THE SOIL OF A. Ü. Z. F. KENAN EVREN RESEARCH AND EXPERIMENTAL FARM

The objective of our study was to determine soil urease and ß-Glucosidase enzyme activities in soil samples taken from three different depths (0-5 cm, 5-15 cm and 15-30 cm) and under different type of vegetation (apple, pine, clover, wheat and followed land). Highest activities, both urease and ß- Glucosidase were determined in soil samples representing parcels planted with clover. Enzyme activity showed increase in parcels which have high level of organic matter and total nitrogen. Urease enzyme activity was found higher than ß -Glucosidase activity in all samples. As the soil deepens, significant increase was monitored in urease activity (