A Trie-Structured Bayesian Model for Unsupervised Morphological Segmentation

In this paper, we introduce a trie-structured Bayesian model for unsupervised morphological segmentation. We adopt prior information from different sources in the model. We use neural word embeddings to discover words that are morphologically derived from each other and thereby that are semantically similar. We use letter successor variety counts obtained from tries that are built by neural word embeddings. Our results show that using different information sources such as neural word embeddings and letter successor variety as prior information improves morphological segmentation in a Bayesian model. Our model outperforms other unsupervised morphological segmentation models on Turkish and gives promising results on English and German for scarce resources.Comment: 12 pages, accepted and presented at the CICLING 2017 - 18th International Conference on Intelligent Text Processing and Computational Linguistic

Modern İsveç’in Oluşumu

Sweden is today’s one of the wealthiest countries in the world. The reasons behind this success could only be understood with a historical perspective. While looking to the history of Sweden, I realized three distinctive events which shaped Swedish culture, society, politics and economy significantly. Beginning with the early modern period in the 16th century and ending with the modern period in the second half of the 19th century, these three events are (in the chronological order) Swedish Reformation and the reign of Gustav I in 16th century, the rise of the Swedish Empire in 17th century and the industrial development in Sweden during the second half of the 19th century.             In this article, the effects of these three events would be analyzed in terms of their influence on the Swedish culture, state bureaucracy, politics, society, religion, economy and military with their backgrounds. The study on the backgrounds of these event show that these influenced each other strongly. Not only this, but also the influence of them shaped Sweden as it is today. Given today’s high life standards, the making of modern Sweden is a success story and understanding it with a historical analysis could be helpful for policy makers all around the world.İsveç, günümüzün refah seviyesi en yüksek ülkelerinden biridir. Bu başarının arkasında yatan sebepler, sadece tarihsel bir perspektifle anlaşılabilir. İsveç tarihine bakıldığında, ülkenin kültür, toplum, siyaset ve ekonomisini şekillendiren üç belirgin olayın öne çıktığını fark ettim. 16. yüzyılda erken modern dönemle başlayıp, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında modern dönemde biten bu üç olay (kronolojik sırayla), 16. yüzyıldaki İsveç Reform Hareketi ve I.Gustav dönemi, 17. yüzyıldaki İsveç İmparatorluğu’nun yükselişi ve 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında İsveç’teki endüstriyelleşme hareketidir.             Bu makalede, bu üç olayın etkileri İsveç kültürü, devlet bürokrasisi, siyaseti, toplumu, dini, ekonomisi ve askeriyesi üzerindeki tesirleri ve arka planlarıyla beraber analiz edilecektir. Bu olayların arka planları üzerine olan çalışma, birbirleri üzerinde güçlü etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca bununla sınırlı kalmayıp, onların etkisi günümüz İsveç’ini şekillendirmiştir. Günümüzün yüksek hayat standartları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, modern İsveç’in oluşumu bir başarı hikâyesidir ve bunu tarihsel bir analizle anlamak dünya çapında karar verici mevkilerde bulunanlara yardımcı olabilir

A Microfluidic Device for Impedance Spectroscopy

Recently, microfluidics has become a versatile tool to investigate cellular biology and to build novel biomedical devices. Dielectric spectroscopy, on the other hand, allows non-invasive probing of biological cells. Information on the cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus can be obtained by dielectric spectroscopy provided that appropriate tools are used in specific frequency ranges. This dissertation includes fabrication, characterization, and testing of a simple microfluidic device to measure cell dielectric properties. The dielectric measurements are performed on human T-cell leukemia (Jurkat), mouse melanoma (B16), mouse hepatoma (Hepa), and human costal chondrocyte cells. Dielectric measurements consist of measuring the complex impedance of cell suspensions as a function of frequency. Physical models are fitted to raw impedance data to obtain parameters for cell compartments. The dielectric measurements are further supported by dielectrophoresis (DEP) experiments. Crossover frequency, which is the applied frequency when the DEP force is equal to zero, is recorded for cells by changing buffer conductivity. Cell membrane properties are also estimated from the crossover frequency measurements. Sensing capability of the microfluidic device to external stimuli is tested with Jurkat, chondrocyte, and Hepa cells. Jurkat and chondrocyte cells are suspended in buffers with changing osmolarity, and cell membrane properties are probed. Results indicate osmotic swelling of Jurkat cells. Interestingly similar changes were not observed in chondrocyte cells. Ion efflux from Hepa cells is quantified by conductivity measurements, and ionic flux from an average cell is calculated. Finally, a separability parameter is introduced and plotted for Jurkat and B16 cells pair. The separability parameter is based on the difference of two cells\u27 Clausius-Mossotti factors, which is a function of the dielectric parameters of the cells, field frequency, and buffer conductivity. Using the separability maps one can choose the optimum conditions for cell separation using DEP

Nondestructive Testing Structural Bridge Identification

The bridges are one of the most important engineering structures. Determination of the bridge responses during their service life has gained great importance using nondestructive test methods with the changing of aims, usages, environmental conditions, material deteriorations by time, and damages during some dramatical events. This chapter presents the nondestructive experimental measurement test results of the bridges for structural identification. Ten different bridges, which have different type and carrier systems, such as historical masonry arch bridges, long span concrete highway bridges, base isolated bridges, footbridges, steel bridges, and old riveted bridges, are selected for numerical examples. The measurements are conducted under environmental excitations of pedestrian movement, traffic, wind-induced vibration, and the response signals are collected using uniaxial- and triaxial-sensitive seismic accelerometers. Operational modal analysis or ambient vibration tests are performed to extract the dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping rations using enhanced frequency domain decomposition method in the frequency domain and stochastic subspace identification method in the time domain. It is demonstrated that the ambient vibration measurements are enough to identify the most significant modes of all bridge types

Historical Exchange Rate Risk Premiums In Currency Futures Markets

This paper examines the historical predictive power of future spot spread in estimating currency changes.  Currency futures and spot rates over the last two decades are examined.   Results show that as forecast horizon of currency depreciation increases, the slope coefficients become less positive, first losing their significance, and eventually for 1-month regressions, becoming negative for the British pound, Swiss franc and Japanese yen (significantly negative for the yen) indicating risk premiums differ with forecast horizon.  On the other hand, expectations hypothesis is validated when the forecast horizon is 1 day.  These results hold for each decade separately, as well as the total sample.  Comparison of early (1980s) and recent (1990s) periods reveals expectations hypothesis is validated in the recent period.  This indicates the trend towards a more efficient market.  This should not be very surprising with the introduction of round the clock electronic trading medium and reduction of transaction fees in futures markets.  This also implies that the absolute value of the risk premium has decreased over the last two decades.  The extreme case of forward premium puzzle in one-month forecasts diminishes in the 1990s.  The results are robust to partitioning the sample period into four sub samples and separating the data based on maturity of futures contracts

Impact Of Country Financial Development On The Firm: International Evidence

The impact of financial development of a country on the earnings, capital spending, and stock returns of the firms of that country is the subject of this study. There are two different financial development indices which are utilized. The first is based on Love (2003), and the second is based on Khurana (2006). Using 40 different countries, the causality relationships and cumulative impacts of the lags of earnings and lags of capital spending on subsequent earnings, capital spending, and returns are examined for the financially developed countries and financially non-developed countries. Earnings and capital spending Granger-cause stock returns in financially developed countries. There is also evidence of efficiency in financially developed countries

“Struggle” in Al-Taher Wattar’s social realist novels

Modern dönem Cezayir edebiyatının başlangıcı, Fransız sömürgeciliğine yönelik ilk başkaldırıların ortaya çıktığı döneme denk gelir. Cezayir aydını, bağımsızlık mücadelesini eserleri aracılığıyla vermeyi tercih etmiş ve bu durum edebiyatın ana türlerinde temel konular olarak kendini göstermiştir. Tiyatro, öykü ve roman türlerinde eserler kaleme alan et-Tâhir Vattâr, modern Cezayir’de sanatsal olgunluğa sahip ilk roman örneklerini veren kişiler arasında yer alır. İki dilli bir kültüre sahip olan Cezayir’de eserlerini hep Arapça olarak kaleme alan et-Tâhir Vattâr, sosyalist kimliğiyle tanınmış bir yazardır. Ezilmiş halkların sosyalizmle kurtulacağını savunan yazar, bu ideolojisini eserlerine partizanca yansıtmış olması nedeniyle toplumcu gerçekçi olarak addedilir.The beginning of modern Algerian literature dates back to the occurrence of the earliest rebellions against French imperialism. The Algerian intellectuals preferred to fight for independence through their works and this was reflected upon the main literary genres as well as basic subject matters. A writer of plays, short stories and novels, al-Taher Wattar is one of the novelists who wrote earliest novels having an artistic maturity in modern Algeria. Writing his works always in Arabic in Algeria, a country with a bilingual culture, al-Taher Wattar is a writer known for his socialist identity. The author, holding that the battered people will be saved with socialism, is considered a social realist since he reflects his ideology on his works like a partisan

Shear strength in friction welded joint of poplar wood impregnated with copper-based wood preservative

Environmentally friendly processes are of great interest and considerably needed due to the worldwide problem of pollution. Linear vibration welding of timber structural elements provides new opportunities to potentially achieve structural joints. Mechanically induced vibrational wood fusion welding is shown to be due mostly to the melting and flowing of some amorphous, cells-interconnecting polymer material in the structure of wood, mainly lignin, but also hemicelluloses. In this study, poplar (Populus euramericana) samples were impregnated with alkaline copper quat (ACQ) in order to enhance welding performance. Chemical changes of the impregnated and welded specimens were characterized by FT-IR techniques. A decrease in the proportion of unoxidized phenolic groups in the lignin were observed by FT-IR and the decreased joint strength observed is impregnated wood. After impregnation, shear strength decreased by 37 % to 54 %. The X-ray CT-scanning results revealed that the average density of the poplar wood (368 kg/m3) increased to 710 kg/m3 by welding