Cobertura del suelo del área del eco-museo del Cerrado, Brasil

The area of the Savannah Eco-Museum covers 8066 km2. The area in two occasions at the years 2002 and 2017 was interpreted through satellite images. The area is located in central Brazil region, specific in seven counties of the state of Goiás. It was classified three interpretative units: forest, savannah and human settlements covers areas. These units were classified into the counties and watersheds. The most surface change was observed at the human settlements. In 2002, 58 % of the total area was occupied with the human’s settlements, with emphasis in the west side of the eco-museum. In 2017, it was verified an increase of 9.2 %. As opposed the forest and savannah areas shows a decrease from 16.5 and 16.2 % respectively.El área del Eco-Museo del Cerrado cubriendo una superficie de 8.066 km2 fue interpretada por imágenes de satélite, en dos ocasiones, en los años 2002 y 2017. Se ubica en la región central del Brasil, específicamente en siete distritos municipales (municipios) del estado de Goiás. Fueron clasificadas tres unidades interpretativas: el área cubierta por bosques, sabanas y asentamientos humanos. Esas unidades fueron clasificadas por distrito municipal y por cuenca hidrográfica. El mayor cambio de superficie se observó en los asentamientos humanos. En 2002 58% del área total, los asentamientos humanos estaban ocupados por pequeñas poblaciones, con énfasis en la parte este del eco-museo. En 2017 se verificó correspondientemente un aumento del 9,2 %. En contra posición, los bosques y las sabanas disminuyeron para 16,5 y 16,2 % respectivamente

Cobertura del suelo del área del eco-museo del Cerrado, Brasil

El área del Eco-Museo del Cerrado cubriendo una superficie de 8.066 km2 fue interpretada por imágenes de satélite, en dos ocasiones, en los años 2002 y 2017. Se ubica en la región central del Brasil, específicamente en siete distritos municipales (municipios) del estado de Goiás. Fueron clasificadas tres unidades interpretativas: el área cubierta por bosques, sabanas y asentamientos humanos. Esas unidades fueron clasificadas por distrito municipal y por cuenca hidrográfica. El mayor cambio de superficie se observó en los asentamientos humanos. En 2002 58% del área total, los asentamientos humanos estaban ocupados por pequeñas poblaciones, con énfasis en la parte este del eco-museo. En 2017 se verificó correspondientemente un aumento del 9,2 %. En contra posición, los bosques y las sabanas disminuyeron para 16,5 y 16,2 % respectivamente

Cobertura del suelo del área del eco-museo del Cerrado, Brasil

El área del Eco-Museo del Cerrado cubriendo una superficie de 8.066 km2 fue interpretada por imágenes de satélite, en dos ocasiones, en los años 2002 y 2017. Se ubica en la región central del Brasil, específicamente en siete distritos municipales (municipios) del estado de Goiás. Fueron clasificadas tres unidades interpretativas: el área cubierta por bosques, sabanas y asentamientos humanos. Esas unidades fueron clasificadas por distrito municipal y por cuenca hidrográfica. El mayor cambio de superficie se observó en los asentamientos humanos. En 2002 58% del área total, los asentamientos humanos estaban ocupados por pequeñas poblaciones, con énfasis en la parte este del eco-museo. En 2017 se verificó correspondientemente un aumento del 9,2 %. En contra posición, los bosques y las sabanas disminuyeron para 16,5 y 16,2 % respectivamente

Cobertura del suelo del área del eco-museo del Cerrado, Brasil

El área del Eco-Museo del Cerrado cubriendo una superficie de 8.066 km2 fue interpretada por imágenes de satélite, en dos ocasiones, en los años 2002 y 2017. Se ubica en la región central del Brasil, específicamente en siete distritos municipales (municipios) del estado de Goiás. Fueron clasificadas tres unidades interpretativas: el área cubierta por bosques, sabanas y asentamientos humanos. Esas unidades fueron clasificadas por distrito municipal y por cuenca hidrográfica. El mayor cambio de superficie se observó en los asentamientos humanos. En 2002 58% del área total, los asentamientos humanos estaban ocupados por pequeñas poblaciones, con énfasis en la parte este del eco-museo. En 2017 se verificó correspondientemente un aumento del 9,2 %. En contra posición, los bosques y las sabanas disminuyeron para 16,5 y 16,2 % respectivamente

Perfil dos cuidadores de pacientes com transtornos mentais do Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio

Objetivo: determinar o perfil dos cuidadores de pacientes com transtornos mentais acompanhados em ambulatórios de Psiquiatria Geral. Metodologia: estudo transversal realizado durante novembro e dezembro de 2016, sendo incluídos no estudo os cuidadores maiores de 18 anos que preenchiam a definição de cuidador informal. Eles responderam a um questionário sobre dados gerais e a sua função de cuidador. Os dados foram tabelados e analisados com o auxílio do Microsoft Excel® for Windows 2010. Foram respeitados os princípios para os procedimentos éticos em pesquisas. Resultados: foram entrevistados 68 cuidadores. Notou‑se predomínio do sexo feminino (80,9%), ausência de orientações sobre a evolução dos transtornos apresentados (52,9%) e falta de instruções sobre como auxiliar o paciente em casa (64,7%). Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos mais comuns nos pacientes acompanhados foram depressão (33,8%), transtornos psicóticos (30,9%) e transtorno afetivo bipolar (10,3%). As principais responsabilidades dos cuidadores envolviam comparecimento a consultas (96,6%). Conclusão: percebe-se que ainda há carência de informações sobre transtornos mentais e sobre como manejar as dificuldades do cotidiano do paciente psiquiátrico. Com este perfil, podemos elaborar estratégias para fornecer mais atenção aos cuidadores e assim ajudá-los a lidar com os obstáculos associados aos transtornos mentais, diminuindo sua sobrecarga e proporcionando melhor cuidado ao paciente

AMAZONIA CAMTRAP: A data set of mammal, bird, and reptile species recorded with camera traps in the Amazon forest

The Amazon forest has the highest biodiversity on Earth. However, information on Amazonian vertebrate diversity is still deficient and scattered across the published, peer-reviewed, and gray literature and in unpublished raw data. Camera traps are an effective non-invasive method of surveying vertebrates, applicable to different scales of time and space. In this study, we organized and standardized camera trap records from different Amazon regions to compile the most extensive data set of inventories of mammal, bird, and reptile species ever assembled for the area. The complete data set comprises 154,123 records of 317 species (185 birds, 119 mammals, and 13 reptiles) gathered from surveys from the Amazonian portion of eight countries (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela). The most frequently recorded species per taxa were: mammals: Cuniculus paca (11,907 records); birds: Pauxi tuberosa (3713 records); and reptiles: Tupinambis teguixin (716 records). The information detailed in this data paper opens up opportunities for new ecological studies at different spatial and temporal scales, allowing for a more accurate evaluation of the effects of habitat loss, fragmentation, climate change, and other human-mediated defaunation processes in one of the most important and threatened tropical environments in the world. The data set is not copyright restricted; please cite this data paper when using its data in publications and we also request that researchers and educators inform us of how they are using these data

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status