34 research outputs found
DeterminaciĂłn de sexo cromosĂłmico por dosis gĂ©nica en muestras de sangre perifĂ©rica en papel filtro como un mĂ©todo para el tamiz neonatal de aneuploidĂas sexuales.
Antecedentes: Las alteraciones en el nĂșmero normal de cromosomas (46 o 2n) que no sean mĂșltiplos del nĂșmero haploide (23 o n) se les conoce como aneuploidĂas, las que involucran los cromosomas 1 al 22 se les llama
AneuploidĂas AutosĂłmicas y las que comprenden el par 23 o cromosomas X o Y reciben el nombre de aneuploidĂas sexuales. SĂłlo un pequeño porcentaje de aneuploidĂas cromosĂłmicas sexuales se detectan de manera oportuna; esto puede obstaculizar las intervenciones tempranas que podrĂan mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que padecen este tipo de trastornos. En el presente trabajo se muestran los resultados de un estudio que tiene como propĂłsito determinar las dosis de los genes SHOX, VAMP7 y SRY, en hombres y mujeres sanos con la finalidad de proponer un mĂ©todo para la determinaciĂłn del sexo cromosĂłmico y detecciĂłn de aneuploidĂas sexuales en reciĂ©n nacidos. Materiales y mĂ©todos: Se cuantificĂł la dosis gĂ©nica de SHOX, VAMP7 y SRY mediante la reacciĂłn en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa en tiempo real (qPCR), en sujetos de ambos sexos, establecido por cariotipo sin aneuploidĂas. Los valores promedio y desviaciones estĂĄndar se obtuvieron para cada uno de los genes analizados. Se estableciĂł la cuantificaciĂłn relativa (RQ) usando el mĂ©todo de comparaciĂłn de CT (ÎÎCT) y se hicieron comparaciones entre ambos sexos. Resultados: Se cuantificĂł la dosis gĂ©nica en un total de 32 sujetos (15 hombres y 17 mujeres). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en los valores de ÎÎCT de los genes entre hombres y mujeres para los genes SHOX y VAMP7. Sin embargo, hombres y mujeres difieren en la dosis gĂ©nica del gen SRY. Una vez establecido los valores de referencia se monitoreo la estrategia en 1000 muestras de papel filtro obtenidas del programa de tamiz neonatal habiĂ©ndose identificado dos casos de aneuploidĂa los cuales fueron confirmados por cariotipo: sĂndrome de Turner y sĂndrome 47, XYY. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados establecen que es factible la determinaciĂłn del sexo cromosĂłmico mediante la cuantificaciĂłn de las dosis de los genes SHOX, VAMP7 y SRY asĂ como para la detecciĂłn temprana de las aneuploidĂas sexuales mediante el tamiz neonatal
Consulta génetica y asesoramiento
El asesoramiento genĂ©tico consiste en brindar informaciĂłn verdadera, Ăntegra y objetiva en una relaciĂłn de atenciĂłn profesional que proporciona orientaciĂłn que permite a los pacientes y sus familias tomar decisiones informadas, con respeto a su autonomĂa. El asesoramiento genĂ©tico es fundamental no solamente para el diagnĂłstico sino tambiĂ©n previo a efectuar cualquier prueba genĂ©tica y debe
proseguir después si los resultados comprenden alternativas para el individuo y la familia. El asesoramiento debe estar al alcance de todos y no debe confundirse con aconsejar
Detection of Turner Syndrome by Quantitative PCR of SHOX and VAMP7 Genes
Turner Syndrome (TS) is an unfavorable genetic condition with a prevalence of 1:2500 in newborn girls.
Prompt and effective diagnosis is very important to appropriately monitor the comorbidities. The aim of the
present study was to propose a feasible and practical molecular diagnostic tool for newborn screening by
quantifying the gene dosage of the SHOX, VAMP7, XIST, UBA1, and SRY genes by quantitative polymerase
chain reaction (qPCR) in individuals with a diagnosis of complete X monosomy, as well as those with TS
variants, and then compare the results to controls without chromosomal abnormalities. According to our results,
the most useful markers for these chromosomal variants were the genes found in the pseudoautosomic regions 1
and 2 (PAR1 and PAR2), because differences in gene dosage (relative quantification) between groups were
more evident in SHOX and VAMP7 gene expression. Therefore, we conclude that these markers are useful for
early detection in aneuploidies involving sex chromosomes
Gene Copy Number Quantification of SHOX , VAMP7 , and SRY for the Detection of Sex Chromosome Aneuploidies in Neonates
Aims: To explore the feasibility of detecting sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) by means of gene copy number quantification of short stature homeobox (SHOX), vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP7), and SRY in newborns. Materials and Methods: Gene doses of SHOX, VAMP7, and SRY were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using DNA obtained from dried blood samples from newborns. Relative quantification values were obtained. An aneuploidy profile was established according to cutoff values. Samples with â„2 gene doses (out of range) were reanalyzed, and those with aneuploidy profiles were confirmed by karyotyping. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were obtained. Results: A total of 10,033 samples were collected (4945 females and 5088 males). Of 244 (2.43%) samples with â„2 gene doses that were retested, 20 cases were confirmed. The overall incidence of SCAs was 1 in 500 live newborns. There were six cases of Turner syndrome (1/824), 3 cases of XXX (1/1648), 7 cases of Klinefelter syndrome (1/726), and 4 cases of of XYY (1/1272). The sensitivity was 0.952 (95.24%), specificity of 0.975 (97.56%), positive predictive value of 0.909 (90.91%), and negative predictive value of 0.987 (98.77%). Conclusions: Gene copy number analyses of VAMP7, SHOX, and SRY genes by qPCR from blood samples spotted onto filter paper is a highly reliable method for the early detection of male and female SCAs
Balance de 25 años de jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional
La Corte Constitucional de Colombia ha tenido un importante impacto en la vida social, cultural y polĂtica del paĂs, a tal punto que, desde su creaciĂłn, la jurisprudencia de este tribunal se ha convertido en un referente mundial acerca de las diversas materias sobre las que se ha pronunciado .
Este libro presenta un balance de la jurisprudencia que durante sus primeros veinticinco años la Corte ha expedido. Con este fin, el magistrado Luis Guillermo Guerrero PĂ©rez y los magistrados auxiliares Miguel Polo Rosero y Claudia Escobar GarcĂa recogen los trabajos de expertos nacionales e internacionales, funcionarios del Estado y Miembros de la sociedad civil que se presentaron en el XII Encuentro de la JurisdicciĂłn Constitucional, realizado en la ciudad de San Juan de Pasto entre el 27 y el 30 de septiembre de 2017. En ese encuentro, se ratificĂł que la Corte Constitucional tiene la tarea de velar por la integridad de los compromisos de la ConstituciĂłn.
Los capĂtulos que conforman este libro ofrecen una mirada multidisciplinaria sobre la eficacia y el impacto de las decisiones de la Corte, especĂficamente en lo que tiene que ver con la democracia y la participaciĂłn, el sistema de salud, el sistema pensional, el medio ambiente y el fenĂłmeno discriminatorio con la relaciĂłn al gĂ©nero y a la condiciĂłn de discapacidad en Colombia.Bogot
Global disparities in surgeonsâ workloads, academic engagement and rest periods: the on-calL shIft fOr geNEral SurgeonS (LIONESS) study
: The workload of general surgeons is multifaceted, encompassing not only surgical procedures but also a myriad of other responsibilities. From April to May 2023, we conducted a CHERRIES-compliant internet-based survey analyzing clinical practice, academic engagement, and post-on-call rest. The questionnaire featured six sections with 35 questions. Statistical analysis used Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression (SPSSŸ v. 28). The survey received a total of 1.046 responses (65.4%). Over 78.0% of responders came from Europe, 65.1% came from a general surgery unit; 92.8% of European and 87.5% of North American respondents were involved in research, compared to 71.7% in Africa. Europe led in publishing research studies (6.6 ± 8.6 yearly). Teaching involvement was high in North America (100%) and Africa (91.7%). Surgeons reported an average of 6.7 ± 4.9 on-call shifts per month, with European and North American surgeons experiencing 6.5 ± 4.9 and 7.8 ± 4.1 on-calls monthly, respectively. African surgeons had the highest on-call frequency (8.7 ± 6.1). Post-on-call, only 35.1% of respondents received a day off. Europeans were most likely (40%) to have a day off, while African surgeons were least likely (6.7%). On the adjusted multivariable analysis HDI (Human Development Index) (aOR 1.993) hospital capacity > 400 beds (aOR 2.423), working in a specialty surgery unit (aOR 2.087), and making the on-call in-house (aOR 5.446), significantly predicted the likelihood of having a day off after an on-call shift. Our study revealed critical insights into the disparities in workload, access to research, and professional opportunities for surgeons across different continents, underscored by the HDI
Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats
In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Developmentâs (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security
Phenotypic variation in patients with homozygous c.1678G>T mutation in EVC gene: Report of two mexican families with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome
[Background]: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is an autosomal recessive chondro-ectodermal dysplasia characterized by disproportionate short stature, limb shortening, narrow chest, postaxial polydactyly and dysplastic nails and teeth. In addition, 60% of cases present congenital heart defects. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is predominantly caused by mutations in the EVC or EVC2 (4p16) genes, with only a few cases caused by mutations in WDR35.[Case Report]: Here, we report on two Mexican families with patients diagnosed with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome. Family 1 includes four patients: three females of 15, 18, and 23 years of age and a 7-year old male. Family 2 has only one affected newborn male. All patients exhibited multiple features including hypodontia, dysplastic teeth, extra frenula, mild short stature, distal limb shortening, postaxial polydactyly of hands and feet, nail dystrophy, and knee joint abnormalities. Only two patients had an atrial septal defect. In all cases, molecular analysis by Sanger sequencing identified the same homozygous mutation in exon 12 of EVC, c.1678G>T, which leads to a premature stop codon.[Conclusions]: The mutation c.1678G>T has been previously reported in another Mexican patient and it appears to be a recurrent mutation in Mexico which could represent a founder mutation. The large number of patients in this case allows the clinical variability and spectrum of manifestations present in individuals with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome even if they carry the same homozygous mutation in a same family.Peer reviewe
Cost-Effective Method to Perform SARS-CoV-2 Variant Surveillance: Detection of Alpha, Gamma, Lambda, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta in Argentina
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning characteristics to public health has attracted the attention of the scientific community and governments both regionally and globally since the end of 2020. The most relevant variants described so far include: Alpha (lineage B.1.1.7), first detected in the United Kingdom; Beta (lineage B.1.351), initially detected in South Africa; Gamma (lineage P.1), initially detected in Manaus, Brazil, and Japan; Delta (lineage B.1.627.2), initially detected in India; Lambda (lineage C.37), initially detected in Peru; Mu (lineage B.1.621), first detected in Colombia; Epsilon (lineages B.1.427 and B.1.429), initially detected in California, United States; and Zeta (lineage P.2), first detected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1). Four of these variants (Alpha to Delta) have been defined as variants of concern (VOCs) given their increased transmissibility and other characteristics, while Lambda and Mu have been defined as variants of interest (VOIs). The VOCs have also been associated with an increased risk of hospitalization (2, 3) and, in the case of Beta, Gamma, and Delta, with a moderate to a substantial reduction in neutralizing activity of monoclonal antibodies, convalescent, and vaccine sera (4â6). Gamma and Lambda are particularly relevant for Argentina due to their major presence in the South American region during the time of this study.
Importantly, some of these variants share mutations in the Spike proteinâseveral of them in the receptor-binding domain regionâthat potentially affect transmissibility, pathogenesis, and/or response to vaccination and immune-based therapies (7, 8).
PAIS is the interinstitutional federal consortium of SARS-CoV-2 genomics in Argentina. It was created by the Ministry of Science and Technology to monitor SARS-CoV-2 diversity and evolution in the country, including surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants of public health interest (http://pais.qb.fcen.uba.ar/).
The objective of this work was to implement a SARS-CoV-2 molecular surveillance strategy, in a context of limited resources, which allowed an assessment of the dynamic situation of circulation of viral variants, and at the same time, to perform genomic and evolutionary analyzes to study their origin and dispersion in our country.Instituto de PatologĂa VegetalFil: Torres, Carolina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Instituto de Investigaciones en BacteriologĂa y VirologĂa Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Torres, Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mojsiejczuk, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y BioquĂmica. Instituto de Investigaciones en BacteriologĂa y VirologĂa Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Mojsiejczuk, Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acuña, Dolores. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acuña, Dolores. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez. Laboratorio de VirologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Alexay, SofĂa. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez. Laboratorio de VirologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Amadio, Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Amadio, Ariel. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de la Cadena LĂĄctea; ArgentinaFil: Aulicino, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Aulicino, Paula. Hospital de PediatrĂa âProf. Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de BiologĂa Celular y Retrovirus; ArgentinaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de PatologĂa Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Fay, FabiĂĄn. CIBIC Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Franco Daniel. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de PatologĂa Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giri, Adriana A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Giri, Adriana A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Grupo VirologĂa Humana; ArgentinaFil: Goya, Stephanie. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez. Laboratorio de VirologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Konig, Guido Alberto. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn BiotecnologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Konig, Guido Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Nabaes Jodar, Mercedes. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Nabaes Jodar, Mercedes. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez. Laboratorio de VirologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Pianciola, Luis. Ministerio de Salud. Laboratorio Central Ciudad de NeuquĂ©n; ArgentinaFil: Sfalcin, Javier A. CIBIC Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Acevedo, RaĂșl M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acevedo, RaĂșl M. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste-CONICET. Instituto de BotĂĄnica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Bengoa Luoni, SofĂa Ailin. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn BiotecnologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Bengoa Luoni, Sofia Ailin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂa y BiologĂa Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Bolatti, Elisa M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bolatti, Elisa M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Grupo VirologĂa Humana; ArgentinaFil: BrusĂ©s, Bettina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Cacciabue, Marco Polo Domingo. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn BiotecnologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Cacciabue, Marco Polo Domingo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂa y BiologĂa Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Casal, Pablo E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Grupo VirologĂa Humana; ArgentinaFil: Cerri, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cerri, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Grupo VirologĂa Humana; ArgentinaFil: Chouhy, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Chouhy, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de BiologĂa Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Grupo VirologĂa Humana; ArgentinaFil: Dus Santos, Maria Jose. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de VirologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Dus Santos, Maria Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de VirologĂa e Innovaciones TecnolĂłgicas; ArgentinaFil: Dus Santos, Maria Jose. Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham. Laboratorio de DiagnĂłstico-UNIDAD COVID; ArgentinaFil: Eberhardt, MarĂa Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Eberhardt, MarĂa Florencia. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de la Cadena LĂĄctea; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Ailen. Ministerio de Salud. Laboratorio Central Ciudad de NeuquĂ©n; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Paula Del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn BiotecnologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez, Paula Del Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂa y BiologĂa Molecular; Argentina.Fil: FernĂĄndez Do Porto, DarĂo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: FernĂĄndez Do Porto, DarĂo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de CĂĄlculo; ArgentinaFil: Formichelli, Laura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Gismondi, MarĂa InĂ©s. CIBIC Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Gismondi, MarĂa InĂ©s. Universidad Nacional de LujĂĄn. Departamento de Ciencias BĂĄsicas; ArgentinaFil: Irazoqui, Jose Matias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Irazoqui, Jose Matias. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de la Cadena LĂĄctea; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzini Campos, Melina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzini Campos, Melina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Lusso, Silvina. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez. Laboratorio de VirologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Marquez, Nathalie. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de PatologĂa Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz Hidalgo, Marianne Graziel. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn BiotecnologĂa. Unidad de GenĂłmica; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz Hidalgo, Marianne Graziel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂa y BiologĂa Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Mussin, Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mussin, Javier. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Natale, MĂłnica. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez. Laboratorio de VirologĂa; ArgentinaFil: Oria, Griselda. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Pisano, MarĂa BelĂ©n. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pisano, MarĂa BelĂ©n. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba(UNC). Facultad de Ciencias MĂ©dicas. Instituto de VirologĂa âDr. J. M. Vanellaâ; ArgentinaFil: Posner, Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Posner, Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias BioquĂmicas y FarmacĂ©uticas. Laboratorio Mixto de BiotecnologĂa AcuĂĄtica; ArgentinaFil: Puebla, Andrea Fabiana. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂa Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn BiotecnologĂa. Unidad de GenĂłmica; ArgentinaFil: Puebla, Andrea Fabiana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂa y BiologĂa Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Viegas, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Viegas, Mariana. Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez. Laboratorio de VirologĂa; Argentin