Pharmacokinetics of Carboplatin in Combination with Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide in Female Dogs with Mammary Carcinoma

This prospective study aimed to evaluate the effect of metronomic cyclophosphamide on carboplatin’s tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics in dogs with mammary carcinoma. Sixteen female dogs with mammary carcinoma were divided into groups: 300 mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) carboplatin therapy (G1 = 8) or 300 mg/m2 i.v. carboplatin which was associated with 12.5 mg/m2 oral cyclophosphamide in a metronomic regimen (G2 = 8). The investigated animals underwent a clinical evaluation, a mastectomy, a carboplatin chemotherapy, and serial blood sampling for the pharmacokinetic analysis. The adverse events and survival rates were monitored. A non-compartmental analysis was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters of carboplatin in the 2nd and 4th chemotherapy cycles. Carboplatin PK showed high interindividual variability with a 10-fold variation in the area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) in G1. The systemic plasma exposure to carboplatin was equivalent in both of the treatments considering the AUC and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) values. Although the red blood cells (p < 0.0001), platelets (p = 0.0005), total leukocytes (p = 0.0002), and segmented neutrophils (p = 0.0007) were reduced in G2, the survival rate increased (p = 0.0044) when it was compared to G1. In conclusion, adding low daily doses of cyclophosphamide to a carboplatin therapy showed promising outcomes in female dogs with mammary tumors

A fragilidade na construção e execução do Projeto de Extensão

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina

Overcoming dormancy of seeds Apeiba tibourbou Aubl.

Pente-de-macaco (Apeiba tibourbou Aubl.) é uma espécie florestal que ocorre desde o norte do Brasil até Minas Gerais e São Paulo. Sua madeira, devido à baixa densidade é empregada na fabricação de pequenas embarcações; suas folhas e frutos decorativos potencializam o uso dessa espécie no paisagismo além ser usada na recuperação de áreas degradadas por ser uma planta pioneira e de rápido crescimento. Como suas sementes apresentam dormência por impermeabilidade do tegumento à água, objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a eficiência de tratamentos pré-germinativos para superar a dormência de suas sementes visando maximizar e uniformizar o processo de germinação. Foram estudados 8 tratamentos pré-germinativos: escarificação química com imersão por 5 minutos em H2SO4 nas concentrações de 50% e 25%, imersão em GA3 na concentração de 1g.L-1 por 24 e 48 horas, choque térmico à 80ºC e 100ºC, imersão em água destilada por 24 e 48 horas, além da testemunha. Foram avaliadas as porcentagens de germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes. Os tratamentos escarificação química com imersão em H2SO4, imersão em água destilada e testemunha não obtiveram resultados significativos, imersão em GA3 por 24 e 48 horas somente uma semente germinou, choque térmico à 80ºC germinou 9,16% das sementes, entretanto o tratamento com choque térmico em água a 100ºC foi o tratamento mais eficaz para a superação da dormência de sementes de Apeiba tibourbou Aubl, ou seja, obtive-se um índice de germinação de 78,3%.Pente-de-macaco (Apeiba tibourbou Aubl.) is a forest specie that occurs from northern Brazil to Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Its wood, due to the low density is used in the manufacture of small vessels; their decorative leaves and fruit leverage the use of this species in landscaping in addition be used in land reclamation for being a pioneer plant and rapid growth. As it is your seeds present dormancy for the seed coat impermeability to water, the aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of pre-germination treatments to overcome dormancy of their seeds to maximize and standardize the process of germination. They studied 8 pregermination treatments: Chemical scarification with immersion for 5 minutes in H2SO4 at concentrations of 50% and 25%, soaking in GA3 at a concentration of 1g. L-1 for 24 and 48 hours heat shock at 80°C and 100°C, immersion in distilled water for 24 to 48 hours, and the control. They evaluated the germination percentage and speed index of seed germination. The scarification chemical treatments immersion in H2SO4, soaking in distilled water and witness returned no results, soaking in GA3 for 24 and 48 hours both time only one seed germinated, thermal shock at 80°C 9.16% germinated seeds. Therefore, the thermal shock in water at 100 °C was the most effective treatment for breaking dormancy of seeds Apeiba tibourbou Aubl more of 78.3% germination rate

Quality of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf Cultivated in Alternative Substrates According to the Source and Methods of Application of Humic Acids

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of humic acid application methods on an alternative organic substrate in the quality of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. The experiment was carried out in a nursery of production of forest seedlings under cover of the dark type with 50% of luminosity retention, located in the municipality of Dianópolis state of Tocantins, in geographical coordinates, 11° 37′ 41″ S of latitude, 46° 49′ 17″ W of longitude, with altitude of 702 meters. The results revealed that the use of the commercial humic acid source applied via foliar promotes a higher quality of seedlings in relation to the alternative source and the absence of application of humic acids

Perspectivas Atuais sobre Terapias para a Doença de Alzheimer: Uma Análise da Literatura Contemporânea

The article provides a comprehensive review of current and emerging therapeutic strategies for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an increasingly prevalent neurodegenerative condition in the elderly. The multifaceted complexity of treatment is highlighted, encompassing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are commonly used to improve cholinergic neurotransmission, while immunotherapy, including vaccines against beta-amyloid, is in clinical trial phase. Additionally, potential treatments such as antidiabetic agents, serotonergic psychedelics, and gene therapy are discussed. Inflammation is recognized as a crucial component in the pathogenesis of AD, and anti-inflammatory agents show promise in reducing neuroinflammation. However, challenges persist, such as validating results in humans, the lack of reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, and the need to find effective therapeutic targets that can modify the disease's progression.O artigo oferece uma revisão abrangente das estratégias terapêuticas atuais e emergentes para o tratamento da doença de Alzheimer (DA), uma condição neurodegenerativa cada vez mais prevalente em idosos. Destaca-se a complexidade multifacetada do tratamento, que abrange tanto abordagens farmacológicas quanto não farmacológicas. Os inibidores da acetilcolinesterase são comumente usados para melhorar a neurotransmissão colinérgica, enquanto a imunoterapia, incluindo vacinas contra o beta-amiloide, está em fase de testes clínicos. Além disso, são discutidos potenciais tratamentos como agentes antidiabéticos, psicodélicos serotoninérgicos e terapia genética. A inflamação é reconhecida como um componente crucial na patogênese da DA, e os anti-inflamatórios mostram promessa na redução da neuroinflamação. No entanto, persistem desafios, como a validação de resultados em humanos, a falta de biomarcadores confiáveis para o diagnóstico precoce e a necessidade de encontrar alvos terapêuticos eficazes que possam modificar a progressão da doença

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio