Fatores críticos num processo de Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos : perceções de estudantes de 1º ano de Engenharia

This paper presents the students’ perceptions about the interdisciplinary project implemented in the first year of the Integrated Master’s degree in Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM) at the University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal. This project was supported by four curricular units (UCs): General Chemistry (GC); Calculus (C); Introduction to Industrial Engineering (IIE) and Computer Programming 1 (PC1). In order to collect data on the perceptions of students regarding their participation and motivation on 2011/2012 edition, a questionnaire with 46 closed items and 3 open questions was developed and applied to 35 students and the results discussed on a final workshop. Based on the results of the research, the final workshop shows that the students recognize the benefits of Project Based Learning (PBL) as a learning methodology, its contribution and motivation to development of competences and skills for future career and the importance of teamwork. However, the findings showed that the roles of teachers and tutors must be reviewed as well as the grade’s weight of project related with UCs. Furthermore, students also pointed out some additional constraints during the project, namely: time required for the project; the integration of UCs’ contents in the project and the effort put in the project and its impact in final grades

Iron stores and coagulation parameters in patients with hypoxemic polycythemia secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the effect of phlebotomies

This study was designed to determine the effects of phlebotomy on iron body contents and coagulation tests of COPD patients with polycythemia secondary to hypoxemia. Seventeen patients with COPD and hematocrits higher than 54 percent (mean Hct: 57 ± 0.49 percent ), who had not received anti-inflammatory or antiplatelet aggregation agents recently. Their mean forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) was 0.92 ± 0.11 L. Intervention: Blood work was collected to evaluate the following: serum iron and ferritin levels, total iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation index, fibrinogen plasma levels, activated partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, platelet aggregation measurements, and thromboelastography coagulation parameters. The blood samples were obtained before and about 7 days after the hematocrit correction by 300-400 ml phlebotomies done every other day. The mean number of phlebotomies done for each patient was 4.4. Postphlebotomy iron serum levels decreased from 90.1 ± 14.8 to 59.7 ± 9.9 mg/dl and the ferritin serum levels from 133.8 ± 37.9 to 70.8 ± 32.7 ng/ml (p< 0.05). Regarding the coagulation studies, there were significant increases in the platelet count, from 227,300 ± 13,900 to 312,500 ± 30,200 per mm³, and in the maximum clot amplitude (a) obtained by thromboelastography ( from 53.6 ± 1.4 percent to 60.4 ± 1.1 percent). The coagulation time (k) of the thromboelastography also decreased significantly, from 7.5 ± 0.7mm prephlebotomy to 4.5 ± 0.3mm postphlebotomy. Although the coagulation changes were small amount, the observed significant decrease in iron contents may have important clinical implications.Determinar os efeitos das sangrias nas reservas corporais de ferro e em testes da coagulação sanguínea de pacientes com policitemia secundária a hipoxemia por doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Dezesete pacientes portadores de DPOC, com hematócritos superiores a 54%, ( Hct médio: 57± 0,49%) que não tinham feito uso recente de agentes antinflamatórios ou antiadesivos plaquetários, e cujo volume expirado forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), médio foi de 0,92 ± 0,11 L. Determinação dos níveis de ferro, ferritina, capacidade de ligação do ferro, índice de saturação da transferrina, fibrinogênio, tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativada, número de plaquetas, agregação plaquetária e de parâmetros da coagulação medidos pela tromboelastografia. Tais dosagens foram realizadas antes e em torno de sete dias após a normalização dos hematócritos através de sangrias de 300-400ml cada, realizadas em dias alternados, resultando num número médio de 4,4 sangrias por paciente. Com as sangrias os níveis séricos do ferro caíram de 90,1± 14,8 mg/dl a 59,7 ± 9,9 mg/dl, e os níveis da ferritina sérica de 133,8 ± 37,9 ng/ml a 70,8 ± 32,7 ng/ml (p<0.05). Em relação aos estudos da coagulação, houve um aumento significante na contagem plaquetária de 227.300 ± 13.900 a 312.500 ± 30,200 elementos/mm³, e na amplitude máxima do coágulo obtida pela tromboelastografia (a), de 53,6 ± 1,4% para 60,4 1 ± 1,1%. O tempo de coagulação (k) da tromboelastografia, também diminuiu significantemente de 7,5 ± 0,7 mm pré-flebotomias para 4,5 ± 0,3 mm pós-flebotomias. Os autores concluem que embora as alterações da coagulação tenham sido de pequena monta, os decréscimos nas reservas de ferro foram significantes podendo ter implicações clínicas importantes.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Respiratory and Hematology DivisionsUNIFESP, EPM, Respiratory and Hematology DivisionsSciEL

PROCESSOS EDUCATIVOS EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA

O objetivo desta pesquisa é abordar os impactos da pandemia na Educação Básica do Município de Planaltina-GO, a partir da adoção do ensino remoto. A pesquisa se originou a partir da observação da realidade educacional do município no período de pandemia e na busca por compreender a adoção deste modelo de ensino a partir dos dados percentuais fornecidos pela Secretaria de Educação do Município de Planaltina - GO e dos impactos da pandemia na educação e principalmente nos estudantes da rede pública de ensino, a partir destas medidas que foram tomadas pela gestão para minimizar os efeitos causados pela COVID-19. O problema central é como o município em questão lidou com as questões educacionais dentro do recorte proposto? Aponta-se por hipótese um volume muito grande de dificuldades na condução dos processos educacionais durante a pandemia. A metodologia é a exploratória de caráter bibliográfico com pesquisa de campo utilizando-se como fontes dados da secretaria municipal de educação e ENTREVISTAS. O principal resultado desta pesquisa é o recorte que foi obtido por meio dos dados ora coletados e analisados

Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APLs) confeccionistas e desenvolvimento socioeconômico no Estado do Paraná: uma análise multivariada

The objective this paper consists in show and analyzes some indicator of socioeconomic development and its effects in the clothing sector of Local Productive Arrangements in Paraná State during the years 2000 and 2006. The methodology tools refer to techniques of multivariate statistical analysis which were principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis. The main results have signaled that the development socioeconomic is transmitted unequally and polarized. By means of the cluster analysis was found to be the formation of three groups, G2 and G3, formed by the cities of Cianorte, Pato Branco, Francisco Beltrão, Apucarana e Maringá with better development conditions. And the group G1, consisting of Chopinzinho, Rondon, Cidade Gaúcha, Tapejara, São Manoel do Paraná, Tapira, Guaporema, Indianópolis, Japurá, Tuneiras do Oeste, Terra Roxa, Capanema, Terra Boa, Ampére, Nova Olímpia, Jussara, São Tomé e Dois Vizinhos had the worst indicators of socioeconomic performance. Key words: socioeconomic development, LPA of clothing, Paraná Classificação JEL: O18, L11, L19, L67, R11ENDEREÇO PARA ENVIO DE PUBLICAÇÃORESUMO O objetivo deste artigo consiste em apresentar e analisar alguns indicadores de desenvolvimento socioeconômico a partir dos efeitos provocados pela dinâmica dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais do setor de confecção no Estado do Paraná, nos anos de 2000 e 2006. Utilizaram-se como metodologia técnicas de estatística multivariada, como a Análise de Componentes Principais e Análise de "Cluster". Os principais resultados sinalizam que o desenvolvimento socioeconômico é transmitido de forma desigual e polarizada. Por meio da Análise de "Cluster" verificou-se a formação de três grupos, sendo que o G2 e o G3, formados pelos Municípios de Cianorte, Pato Branco, Francisco Beltrão, Apucarana e Maringá revelaram as melhores condições de desenvolvimento. E o grupo G1, constituído por Chopinzinho, Rondon, Cidade Gaúcha, Tapejara, São Manoel do Paraná, Tapira, Guaporema, Indianópolis, Japurá, Tuneiras do Oeste, Terra Roxa, Capanema, Terra Boa, Ampére, Nova Olímpia, Jussara, São Tomé e Dois Vizinhos, apresentou os piores indicadores de desempenho socioeconômico. Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento socioeconômico; APLs confeccionistas; Paraná. TÍTULO EM INGLÊS Local Productive Arrangement in clothing and socioeconomic development in the state of Paraná ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to show and to analyze some indicators of socioeconomic development from the effects promoted be the dynamics of the Local Productive Arrangements in clothing in the state Paraná in 2000 and 2006. The methodology used refers to multivariate statistical analysis techniques as the Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. The main results have signaled that socioeconomic development is unequally disseminated and polarized. By means of the Cluster Analysis it was found the formation of three groups, with G2 and G3, formed by the cities of Cianorte, Pato Branco, Francisco Beltrão, Apucarana e Maringá, revealing the better development conditions. Group G1,consisting of Chopinzinho, Rondon, Cidade Gaúcha, Tapejara, São Manoel do Paraná, Tapira, Guaporema, Indianópolis, Japurá, Tuneiras do Oeste, Terra Roxa, Capanema, Terra Boa, Ampére, Nova Olímpia, Jussara, São Tomé e Dois Vizinhos, had the worst socioeconomic indicators. Key words: Socioeconomic development; LPA of clothing; Paraná. JEL: O18, L11, L19, L67, R11 Artigo recebido em ago. 2011 e aceito para publicação em jun. 2013

Estoques de carbono e nitrogênio de um Neossolo Quartzarênico sob cultivo de fruteiras irrigadas na região do semi-árido do Brasil

Soil organic matter accumulation provides benefits to soil productivity and reduces atmospheric carbon concentration. However, little is known about the accumulation of C and N by sandy soils under perennial irrigated crops in semiarid regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigated fruit orchard cultivation on the stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) of an Arenosol/Quartzpsament from Paraipaba-CE, Semiarid Brazil. Soil samples were taken from irrigated orchards of banana (Musa ssp.), cashew (Anacardium ocidentale), guava (Psidium guajava), bullock's heart (Annona reticulata), mango (Mangifera indica), and sapote (Manilkara zapota) in the wetted-bulb and non-irrigated area between the plant rows. Additional samples were collected from adjacent areas under secondary Caatinga forest, and under a 2-year-old deforested area. Sampling depths were: 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, and 0.2-0.4 m. The highest contents of SOC and N were found in the surface layer. The soil bulk density did not change in depth. The stocks of SOC and total N under secondary forest at 0-0.40 m layer were 27.6 and 2.4 Mg ha-1, respectively. Caatinga Forest conversion into fruit orchard cultivation led to a decrease of 5 to 23% and 4 to 21% on SOC and N stocks, respectively. Compared to other soil uses, sapote and bullock's heart contributed for a lower decrease of SOC and N stocks after deforestation. Guava, bullock's heart, mango and sapote contributed for improving the SOC stratification index.O acúmulo de matéria orgânica beneficia a produtividade do solo e reduz a concentração do carbono atmosférico. Entretanto, pouco é sabido a respeito do acúmulo de C e N em solos arenosos cultivados com culturas perenes irrigadas em regiões semi-áridas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do cultivo de fruteiras irrigadas nos estoques de C e N de um Neossolo Quartzarênico em Paraipaba, CE. Foram coletadas amostras na linha e na entrelinha de pomares irrigados de banana, caju, manga, sapoti, goiaba e graviola. Em áreas adjacentes sob vegetação de Caatinga hipoxerófila e após dois anos de desmatamento foram coletadas amostras adicionais. As profundidades de amostragem foram: 0 a 0.1, 0.1 a 0.2 e 0.2 a 0.4 m. Os teores de C e N no solo foram mais altos na camada superficial (0 a 0.1 m). Não houve efeito da profundidade de amostragem sobre a densidade do solo. Os estoques de C e N na área com vegetação de Caatinga na camada de 0 a 0.4 m foram de 27,6 and 2,4 Mg ha-1, respectivamente. A retirada da vegetação natural e o cultivo das fruteiras levaram a reduções de 5 a 23% e 4 a 21% nos estoques de C e N do solo, respectivamente. As culturas do sapoti e da graviola contribuíram para o aumento dos estoques de C e N após a retirada da vegetação natural. As culturas da goiaba, graviola, manga e sapoti contribuíram para a melhoria do índice de estratificação deste solo

Projects with the industry for the development of professional competences in industrial engineering and management

Training engineering students has been evolving towards the development of professional competences, both technical and transversal. These competences will enable new engineers to apply learning resources in professional contexts with greater efficacy. Thus, these engineers will be closer to the needs of industry. A learning methodology that has been used in these contexts is Project Based Learning (PBL). This paper presents a learning process based on PBL concepts, in which five teams of 5 to 7 students of Industrial Engineering and Management from the University of Minho, Portugal, developed projects in interaction with companies during a semester. This project is supported by 5 courses of the 7th semester: Organization of Production Systems, Information Systems for Production, Integrated Production Management, Ergonomic Study of Workplaces and Simulation. The objective of the students’ project is to make the analysis and present proposals for improvement of a part of the production system of a company. With the support of teachers, students should manage the interaction with an industrial company under the established partnership and present suggestions for improvements to their production system, considering contributions from the 5 courses of the semester. The aim of this paper is to describe the operational model of this PBL process, evaluate the results in terms of students’ learning and in terms of the perception of industry, and finally make proposals for improving the model. The evaluation of learning outcomes is based on the analysis of students’ project results, a questionnaire and a closing workshop of the project with students. The evaluation of the perception of industry partners is achieved using informal interviews with company representatives. The evaluation process shows that, from the participants’ perceptions, students have developed the competences that are expected and, in general, the teams are motivated by the outcome of their projects. They referred that there should exist better mechanisms of differentiation of individual classifications within the team. From the point of view of industry, the results are considered good, but there is a tendency to propose a greater focus on the objectives and results of the project. Considering these results, a change to the model is proposed, in order to increase the direction of the project. The proposal organizes the project into two very distinct phases: (1) analysis and diagnosis phase; (2) improvement phase. This change would explore the contents and competences expected of all courses during the analysis and diagnosis phase, and in second phase, the project would focus on developing specific solutions for the enterprise

The effects of auditory stimulation with music on heart rate variability in healthy women

OBJECTIVES: There are no data in the literature with regard to the acute effects of different styles of music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability. In this study, we evaluated the acute effects of relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability in women. METHODS: We conducted this study in 21 healthy women ranging in age from 18 to 35 years. We excluded persons with previous experience with musical instruments and persons who had an affinity for the song styles. We evaluated two groups: Group 1 (n = 21), who were exposed to relaxant classical baroque musical and excitatory heavy metal auditory stimulation; and Group 2 (n = 19), who were exposed to both styles of music and white noise auditory stimulation. Using earphones, the volunteers were exposed to baroque or heavy metal music for five minutes. After the first music exposure to baroque or heavy metal music, they remained at rest for five minutes; subsequently, they were re-exposed to the opposite music (70-80 dB). A different group of women were exposed to the same music styles plus white noise auditory stimulation (90 dB). The sequence of the songs was randomized for each individual. We analyzed the following indices: triangular index, triangular interpolation of RR intervals and Poincaré plot (standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability, standard deviation of the long-term RR interval, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability and standard deviation of the long-term RR interval ratio), low frequency, high frequency, low frequency/high frequency ratio, standard deviation of all the normal RR intervals, root-mean square of differences between the adjacent normal RR intervals and the percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms. Heart rate variability was recorded at rest for 10 minutes. RESULTS: The triangular index and the standard deviation of the long-term RR interval indices were reduced during exposure to both music styles in the first group and tended to decrease in the second group whereas the white noise exposure decreased the high frequency index. We observed no changes regarding the triangular interpolation of RR intervals, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability and standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability/standard deviation in the long-term RR interval ratio. CONCLUSION: We suggest that relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music slightly decrease global heart rate variability because of the equivalent sound level

Metal-resistant rhizobacteria change soluble-exchangeable fraction in multi-metal-contaminated soil samples

There is a complex interaction between various components of the soil ecosystem, including microbial biomass and soil chemical contaminants such as heavy metals and radionuclides, which may greatly affect the efficiency of bioremediation techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate microbial capacity to change pH, changes in the metal soluble-exchangeable fraction, and effects of initial heavy metal contents on soil samples in microbial solubilization/immobilization capacity. The soil samples used in this study were collected at a known metal-contaminated site. Three highly metal-resistant bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples collected on weed species identified as Senecio brasiliensis, Senecio leptolobus, and Baccharis trimera. A completely randomized experimental design in a factorial arrangement was used, with three replicates. In general, with an acid pH, the isolates neutralized the contaminated growth media. In a neutral or basic initial pH, increases in pH were observed in the media, so these bacteria have an alkalizing effect on the growth media. Soluble metal contents were quite different and depend on the microbial species and heavy metal contents in the soil samples. The soluble-exchangeable fraction of metal such as Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Ba may be unavailable after inoculation with heavy metalresistant rhizobacteria. A promising approach seems to be the application of inoculants with metal-resistant bacteria in bioremediation of multi-metal-polluted environments to improve the efficiency of this environmentally friendly technology