Numerical resolution of an exact heat conduction model with a delay term

In this paper we analyze, from the numerical point of view, a dynamic thermoelastic problem. Here, the so-called exact heat conduction model with a delay term is used to obtain the heat evolution. Thus, the thermomechanical problem is written as a coupled system of partial differential equations, and its variational formulation leads to a system written in terms of the velocity and the temperature fields. An existence and uniqueness result is recalled. Then, fully discrete approximations are introduced by using the classical finite element method to approximate the spatial variable and the implicit Euler scheme to discretize the time derivatives. A priori error estimates are proved, from which the linear convergence of the algorithm could be derived under suitable additional regularity conditions. Finally, a two-dimensional numerical example is solved to show the accuracy of the approximation and the decay of the discrete energy.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Analysis and modeling of PEM fuel cell systems

Analisi e modellazione di sistemi a celle a combustibile di tipo PEMThe purpose of this thesis is to create a transient model of a PEM fuel cell system, based on Matlab Simulink, as general, flexible and adaptable as possible, in order to be easily set on different type of systems. The object of the study is the development of the simulation tool, and its validation against literature and experimental data. An important aim of the developed dynamic semi-empirical model is to try to adopt a theoretical physics-based approach whenever possible, in order to have an accurate scientific correlation between experimental output and theoretical laws, without neglecting the accuracy that could be provided by empirical equations. The major work is focused on the fuel cell stack modeling and involves also a large review of literature analysis concerning the simulation of PEM-FCs. In order to guarantee the adaptability of the model, taking inspiration from the latest studies in this field, a differential evolution algorithm is developed to realize the fitting process of the modeled polarization curve, by means of the stack voltage model, on experimental data. This algorithm has a strategic importance for the choice and the setting of the stack voltage equations on the real static performance of the PEM fuel cell system analyzed, with a proved error of about 2-3%. The transient behaviors captured in the model includes flow characteristics, inertia dynamics, lumped-volume manifold filling dynamics, time evolving-homogeneous reactant pressure or mole fraction, membrane humidity and thermal response of fuel cell and cooling system. From one side, the validation against literature data of Section 4 is realized after the development of a general dynamic PEM-FC system model described in Section 2 and 3, comprising all the components normally present in these systems. The comprehensive dynamic model proposed, usually not presented in literature, perform very well respect to the experimental data, comprising the thermic data and the hydration of the membrane, the most important operative parameters but also the most complex ones to simulate. On the other side, the HI-SEA Joint Laboratory, between Fincantieri S.p.A. and the University of Genoa, allows to study a PEM fuel cell system of 8 stacks sized 33 kW each for a total maximum power of 260 kW. The adaptation and the simplification of the dynamic model to this plant layout helps to study a bigger and more complex PEM-FC system and to validate the model to the experimental data. The simplification of the dynamic model starts form the necessity to set the equations only by the commercially available data, usually limited to the datasheet information. This limitation makes the HI-SEA model less detailed but, at the same time, simpler and able to provide different important results, as the stack and cooling system thermal balances, starting from few easily obtainable data

Luther-Emery Phase and Atomic-Density Waves in a Trapped Fermion Gas

The Luther-Emery liquid is a state of matter that is predicted to occur in one-dimensional systems of interacting fermions and is characterized by a gapless charge spectrum and a gapped spin spectrum. In this Letter we discuss a realization of the Luther-Emery phase in a trapped cold-atom gas. We study by means of the density-matrix renormalization-group technique a two-component atomic Fermi gas with attractive interactions subject to parabolic trapping inside an optical lattice. We demonstrate how this system exhibits compound phases characterized by the coexistence of spin pairing and atomic-density waves. A smooth crossover occurs with increasing magnitude of the atom-atom attraction to a state in which tightly bound spin-singlet dimers occupy the center of the trap. The existence of atomic-density waves could be detected in the elastic contribution to the light-scattering diffraction pattern.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 Table, submitted to Phys. Rev. on July 25th 200

How to classify the stylohyoid complex syndrome in the ICHD

We have read the International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition (beta) (ICHD-3 beta), and for the first time headaches are attributed to inflammation of the stylohyoid ligament (SL). It is included among the secondary headaches in “Headache or facial pain attributed to disorder of the cranium, neck, eyes, ears, nose, sinuses, teeth, mouth or other facial or cervical structure.

Turbocharged Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System: Design and Emulation

This paper presents a design model of a turbocharged solid oxide fuel cell system fueled by biogas. The aim of this plant layout is the development of a low-cost solution considering the coupling of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with a low-cost machine such as a turbocharger (instead of a microturbine). The whole system model calculates the operational conditions and realizes the coupling between the turbocharger, the recuperator and the solid oxide fuel cell system (comprising SOFC, air preheater, fuel compressor and pre-heater, reformer, off-gas burner and anodic ejector). This model also supports the design of an emulator test rig in which a burner, located inside a thermal insulated vessel, replaces the solid oxide fuel cell system. The emulator test rig will be useful to study the matching between the turbocharger and the fuel cell to validate simulation models, design innovative solutions and test the control system of the whole plant

Adding semantic web services matching and discovery support to the MoviLog platform

Semantic Web services are self describing programs that can be searched, understood and used by other programs. Despite the advantages Semantic Web services provide, specially for building agent based systems, there is a need for mechanisms to enable agents to discover Semantic Web services. This paper describes an extension of the MoviLog agent platform for searching Web services taking into account their semantic descriptions. Preliminary experiments showing encouraging results are also reportedIFIP International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice - Agents 1Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Adding semantic web services matching and discovery support to the MoviLog platform

Semantic Web services are self describing programs that can be searched, understood and used by other programs. Despite the advantages Semantic Web services provide, specially for building agent based systems, there is a need for mechanisms to enable agents to discover Semantic Web services. This paper describes an extension of the MoviLog agent platform for searching Web services taking into account their semantic descriptions. Preliminary experiments showing encouraging results are also reportedIFIP International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Theory and Practice - Agents 1Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Self-Organized Discrimination of Resources

When selecting a resource to exploit, an insect colony must take into account at least two constraints: the resource must be abundant enough to sustain the whole group, but not too large to limit exploitation costs, and risks of conflicts with other colonies. Following recent results on cockroaches and ants, we introduce here a behavioral mechanism that satisfies these two constraints. Individuals simply modulate their probability to switch to another resource as a function of the local density of conspecifics locally detected. As a result, the individuals gather at the smallest resource that can host the whole group, hence reducing competition and exploitation costs while fulfilling the overall group's needs. Our analysis reveals that the group becomes better at discriminating between similar resources as it grows in size. Also, the discrimination mechanism is flexible and the group readily switches to a better suited resource as it appears in the environment. The collective decision emerges through the self-organization of individuals, that is, in absence of any centralized control. It also requires a minimal individual cognitive investment, making the proposed mechanism likely to occur in other social species and suitable for the development of distributed decision making tools

Numerical analysis of a thermoelastic problem with dual-phase-lag heat conduction

In this paper we study, from the numerical point of view, a thermoelastic problem with dual-phase-lag heat conduction. The variational formulation is written as a coupled system of hyperbolic linear variational equations. An existence and uniqueness result is recalled. Then, fully discrete approximations are introduced by using the finite element method and the implicit Euler scheme. A discrete stability result is proved and a priori error estimates are obtained, from which the linear convergence of the algorithm is deduced under suitable additional regularity conditions. Finally, some two-dimensional numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the approximation and the behaviour of the solution.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft