Pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas - relação do tratamento com o prognóstico

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant cutaneous neoplasm which occurs frequently in small animals. Histopathology or fine needle aspiration cytology is necessary to confirm diagnosis; macroscopic diagnosis is not possible since the lesions are very similar to others of distinct etiologies. Owing to the fact that it is a neoplasm, diagnosis and treatment are usually not well accepted by owners, especially since it can cause esthetic changes to the animal and adjunct treatments can cause unwanted side effects. The objective of this study was to report clinical cases of SCC with distinct tumor subtypes and relate the recommended treatment with prognosis of patients.Case: Two dogs and one cat with SCC that were subjected to physical and dermatological examination, and tested negative for sporotrichosis, cryptococcosis, and manges. Dog 1 (male, 9-year-old, yellow Labrador retriever) exhibited inspiratory dyspnea for three weeks owing to an ulcerative hemorrhagic lesion on the nose. In view of the site of the lesion, a radiographic exam was requested, and the bony portion of the septum was found to be compromised. Cat 2 (female, 10-year-old, bicolor, mixed-breed cat) exhibited a focal, punctate, ulcerated, hemorrhagic lesion on the nose. Dog 3 (female, 10-year-old, white Dogo Argentino) exhibited several ulcerative lesions, and papulae, plaques and comedones on the ventral region of the abdomen.Treatment for deep pyoderma and comedone syndrome were initially instituted; on follow-up, more ulcerative lesions were present, which prompted the inclusion of neoplasm as a differential diagnosis. In cases 1 and 3, histopathology was performed with diagnosis of undifferentiated and differentiated SCC, respectively. In both cases, surgical margins were compromised after resection of the lesion. In case 2, high malignancy SCC was diagnosed with cytology. Use of sunscreen was recommended in all cases, as well as avoidance of sun exposure during the hours not recommended by the National Cancer Institute. In case 1, a nosectomy with partial resection of the nasal septum was recommended as well as chemotherapy with intra-tumoral administration of carboplatin (1.5 mg/cm3 of lesion) and vincristine sulfate (0.05 mg/ kg/IV/week) every 15 days.However, the owner opted for the nosectomy alone with one month of chemotherapy with vincristine sulfate. In case 2, polychemotherapy was instituted using daunorubicin (4 mg/kg/IV/week) and vincristine sulfate (0.05 mg/kg/IV/week) every 15 days for four weeks, with maintenance for six weeks, with total remission of the lesion at the end of treatment. In case 3, eight intralesional chemotherapy sessions were performed (carboplatin – 1.5 mg/cm3 of lesion) every 15 days; maintenance was kept for two months with biweekly administration. The patient exhibited actinic lesions on the third month after the protocol was suspended, which was treated with isotretinoin (3 mg/kg/day PO) until remission; reduction of solar exposure was recommended. The animal in case 1 exhibited intense dyspnea three months after the end of treatment and the lesion was incompatible with preservation of quality of life and euthanasia was performed. In the other two cases, patients were followed-up annually and remained in remission throughout life.Discussion: Adherence to proposed treatment by the owner is directly related to a better prognosis. On the punctate and focal lesion in the cat, administrations of daunorubicin (4 mg/kg/IV/week) and vincristine sulfate (0.05 mg/kg/IV/week) in a total of 10 cycles resulted in an excellent prognosis. On the dog with multifocal lesions, partial resection and intralesional administration of carboplatin (1.5 mg/lesion/cm3) in a total of eight biweekly applications following maintenance for two months resulted in a good prognosis

Acompanhamento clínico, histopatológico e avaliação dos níveis de interleucina 10 de cães com demodicose crônica

Demodicosis is considered one of the most severe canine skin disease. It is caused by the excessive proliferation of the Demodex canis mite, normal member of the canine skin. Skin lesions caused by the parasite predispose the skin to secondary infections that will further aggravate the patients clinical aspects. The objective of this work was to evaluate the clinical a histopathological evolution of the disease, as well as to study the seric levels of interleukin 10 (IL10) in demodicosis patients. The first study was conducted using 20 animals, 10 demodicosis patients (GD), and 10 control dogs (GC). All these animals were clinically evaluated, and submitted to deep skin scraping in search of Demodex mites. The dogs in the GD group were treated with moxidectin and evaluated in days 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80. Five of these animals were healed and submitted to skin biopsies on days 0 and 80, for the observation of histopathological alterations. A second study used 26 animals, 17 on G1 (demodicosis patients) and 9 on G2 (healthy dogs). All G1 animals were positive for demodicosis on the skin scrape test, and were submitted to clinical evaluation. Blood was harvested from all the animals, with the interleukin 10 dosage being carried out with the comrcial kit Quantikine Canine IL-10 Immunoassay® (R&D Systems) . Results obtained in the first experiment showed considerable clinical and scrape test improvement in GD, but no evolution in the histopathological patern. The GC presented higid skin and negative skin scrape test. In the second experiment, dogs in the G1 group presented hi clinical scores, indicating severe desiase. G1 had a mean IL10 level of 184,38 (+258,9) pg/mL, while the mean for G2 was11,94 (+ 2,27) pg/mL, indicating that hi levels of IL10 may be related to the development of the disease. The results described in this work show that, even when clinically healed, and with negative skin scrape test, demodicosis carriers present persistence of the lesions and the mite in the histological structure of the skin. This work also shows that demodicosis patients tend to have higher IL10 levels than healthy animals.A demodicose é considerada uma das mais graves dermatopatias que acomete cães. É causada pela proliferação excessiva do ácaro Demodex canis, comensal da pele canina. Devido à lesão causada pelo parasita, a pele torna-se predisposta à instalação de infecções secundárias que agravam o quadro clínico do paciente. Objetivou - se avaliar a evolução clínica e histopatológica, assim como estudar os níveis de interleucina -10 sérica em cães portadores de demodicose. Para a primeira etapa, foram estudados 20 cães, 10 apresentando demodicose (GD) e 10 animais controle (GC). Todos foram avaliados clinicamente e submetidos a raspado cutâneo profundo para pesquisa de ácaros. Os animais do GD foram tratados com moxidectina e avaliados nos dias 0, 20, 40, 60 e 80. Cinco destes animais obtiveram cura e foram submetidos à biópsia cutânea no dia 0 e no dia 80, para análise das alterações histopatológicas. Na segunda etapa, foram utilizados 26 animais, 17 no G1 (portadores de demodicose) e 9 no G2 (cães hígidos). Todos os animais do GD tiveram raspado positivo para Demodex canis e foram avaliados clinicamente. Foi feita coleta de sangue para obtenção de soro em todos os animais sendo realizada dosagem dos níveis de interleucina 10 através do kit comercial Quantikine Canine IL-10 Immunoassay® (R&D Systems). Os resultados obtidos na primeira etapa, demonstraram uma melhora clinica considerável e negativação do raspado no GD, porém em relação ao padrão histopatológico não houve evolução. Quando comparados os dois aspectos, não houve diferença significativa. O GC apresentou pele hígida e raspado cutâneo negativo. Já na segunda etapa, os cães do G1 apresentaram escores clínicos altos, indicando severidade da doença. Os níveis de interleucina 10 no G1 tiveram média de 184,38 pg/ml (+258,9 pg/ml) enquanto o G2 apresentou média igual a 11,94 pg/ml (+ 2,27 pg/ml), indicando que níveis altos de IL10 podem estar relacionados com o desenvolvimento da doença. Os resultados demonstraram que mesmo clinicamente curados e com raspado cutâneo negativo, os cães portadores de demodicose apresentam persistência das lesões e do ácaro na estrutura histológica da pele, e também que cães com demodicose apresentaram níveis de interleucina 10 elevados quando comparados com animais sadios

Assessing the oxidative balance of dogs with mammary tummors, and the use of copaiba oil as an adjuvant thetrapy in the rat model of the disease

The occurrence of mammary tumors, as well as metastatic establishment, is associated with a series of factors, foremost among which are free radicals. Paraoxanase is an enzyme produced by the liver, capable of removing by products of lipid peroxidation. The use of antioxidant substances is becoming an alternative measure in combating oxidative stress. Copaiba oil is used for various medical reasons, and it is believed to have antioxidant potential. In this light, this study assesses the oxidative profile of dogs suffering from mammary tumors, and evaluates the viability of using copaiba oil as an adjuvant in treating this disease. Blood samples from 50 dogs with mammary tumors were obtained and PON1 activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assessed. The use of copaiba oil was also assessed regarding its safety and action in a rat model for mammary tumors. PON1 activity and hepatic function was also assessed. Furthermore, copaiba oil was assessed in vitro regarding its toxicity in normal or cancerous cell lines. Dogs with mammary tumors had lower levels of PON1 activity than healthy peers, and the TAC was directly correlated. Copaiba oil did inhibit cancerous cell growth in vitro, but this study could not determine its effects in tumors in vivo.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPESO surgimento dos neoplasmas mamários bem como o estabelecimento das metástases está relacionado com uma série de fatores, dentre eles destaca-se a liberação de radicais livres. A paraoxanase é uma enzima produzida pelo fígado que é capaz de de remover os produtos da peroxidação lipídica. O uso de substâncias consideradas antioxidantes vem sendo uma alternativa para o combate ao estresse oxidativo. A copaíba é uma planta usada com várias finalidades e atualmente autores atribuem a ela potencial antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer o perfil oxidativo de cães portadores de tumor de mama e avaliar o uso do óleo resina de copaíba como terapia adjuvante no tratamento de modelos biológicos portadores de tumores mamários induzidos quimicamente. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas de 50 cães com tumores mamários, onde foi verificado a atividade da enzima PON1 e a capacidade antioxidante total (CAT). O uso do óleo resina de copaíba foi estudado em ratos Wistar com e sem tumores induzidos, nos quais foi avaliado os níveis de enzimas hepáticas e também a atividade da PON1. Foram também realizados testes de citotoxicidade in vitro com diferentes concentrações do óleo resina de copaíba. Foi possível observar que cães com tumor de mama apresentam redução na atividade da enzima PON1 e também na CAT. O óleo resina de copaíba apresentou capacidade de inibir o crescimento de linhagens celulares de tumor de mama, entretanto, este estudo não pode definir sua atividade no controle destes tumores in vivo

Correlation between systemic blood pressure measured by oscillometry and age and serum sodium level in healthy dogs

A pressão arterial vem recebendo destaque na clínica veterinária atual, podendo ser mensurada de forma não-invasiva, pelo método oscilométrico, entre outros. Fatores como a idade já foram relacionados com distúrbios na pressão arterial. O sódio, elemento vital na fisiologia celular de animais, já foi relacionado com o aumento da pressão arterial. Desta forma, este trabalho correlaciona a idade, os valores da pressão arterial sistêmica, sistólica e diastólica, com os níveis séricos de sódio em cães adultos hígidos. Foram estudados 23 cães adultos, hígidos, de ambos os sexos e idade variável, alimentados com ração comercial (standard). As pressões arteriais, sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), e pulso foram aferidas por esfigmomanômetro digital humano. O nível sérico de sódio foi obtido pelo método de reagente enzimático em modo cinético, utilizando kit comercial. Foi realizada a Correlação de Pearson entre as variáveis. Os valores da PAS, PAD, pulso e sódio sérico, variaram respectivamente de 96 – 184mmHg, 53- 137mmHg, 64 – 135bpm e 120 –157mEq/L. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre as variáveis idade e PAS, idade e PAD, sódio e PAS, e sódio e PAD, enquanto os valores de idade e sódio sérico, demonstraram uma correlação negativa. Nas condições deste estudo conclui-se que há pouca interferência nos valores de pressão arterial, sistólica e diastólica, pela idade e o nível sérico de sódio, em cães adultos hígidos.Blood pressure has received attention in current veterinary clinic and can be measured in a non-invasive way by the oscillometric method, among others. Factors such as age have already been related to disorders on blood pressure. Sodium, vital element in cell physiology of animals, has been reported to increase blood pressure. Thus, this work correlates age, the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, with the serum levels of sodium in healthy adult dogs. We studied 23 adult healthy dogs of both sexes and varying age fed with commercial feed (standard). The arterial pressure, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP), and pulse were measured by digital human sphygmomanometer. The level of serum sodium was obtained by the method of enzyme reagent in kinetic mode, using a commercial kit. We performed Pearson correlation between variables. The values of SBP, DBP, pulse and serum sodium varied respectively from 96 – 184mmHg, 53 – 137mmHg, 64 – 135bpm and 120-157mEq/L. We observed a positive correlation between the variables age and SBP, age and DBP, SBP and sodium, and sodium and DBP, while the values of serum sodium and age showed a negative correlation. Regarding this study conditions, we conclude that there is little interference in the values of blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, regarding age and serum sodium in healthy adult dogs.

Protocolo piloto para o estudo de comportamento compulsivo alimentar em camundongos C57BL/6 machos

O objetivo do presente estudo foi possibilitar a validação de um protocolo de compulsão alimentar de curta duração com a oferta de solução de sacarose em camundongos C57BL/6 machos, analisando, em especial, diferentes tempos de jejum alimentar para a indução de tal comportamento. Adicionalmente, também foi proposta deste estudo incluir um grupo naive para fins de comparação ao grupo controle e àqueles que passam por períodos de jejum alimentar