6,765 research outputs found
Divergent and convergent feedback: how science teachers conceptualise and practise oral feedback, and how students perceive it helps their learning
Feedback is frequently cited as an important practice in promoting student learning, yet reviews of research around written marking have concluded that the quality of existing evidence is insufficient to provide definitive answers as to what approaches are impactful. Even less is known about feedback during oral interactions, especially in authentic secondary science classrooms. This qualitative study examines oral feedback from both teachers’ and students’ perspectives, alongside an analysis of classroom practice. The study involved ten science teachers within two schools and 84 students interviewed from their classes. Comparative analysis resulted in the identification of teachers’ conceptualisations compared to their classroom practice and a theoretically derived definition of feedback. Analysis of classroom practice was grounded in students’ perceptions of what teachers said that helped them learn. This study makes an original contribution to knowledge regarding characteristics of oral feedback perceived by teachers and students to benefit learning in science. Following the analysis of 38 hours of lessons, three main types of oral interaction were found to constitute oral feedback: discrepancy and success criteria interactions, and open questions. Science teachers infrequently used these and were observed to utilise them in differing ways. This study has generated a theoretical ideal typical feedback framework, highlighting practical implications allied to teachers’ differing practices, developed from Torrance and Pryor’s (2001) model of assessment. The two ideal typical approaches to feedback are, the divergent approach, grounded in constructivist assumptions with students empowered to operate as dynamic co-agents; and the convergent approach, grounded in behaviourist assumptions with students acting as passive recipients. The study will be beneficial to teachers in reflecting on which aspects of their oral feedback practices are most likely to benefit learners in their classrooms, and policy makers and those involved in supporting educators to develop practices and nurture behaviours that promote student learning
Report of large whale restraint workshop
Location: Carriage House, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543. Date: February 7th & 8th 2006A number of large cetacean species are seriously injured and killed by entanglement in
fishing gear used in the waters off the eastern United States and Canada. Entanglement
most frequently involves rope or lines wrapped around the head, the flippers, body, in the
mouth, around the tail flukes or any combination of the aforementioned body parts.
Consequences of entanglement are particularly grave for North Atlantic right whales,
which currently number about 300 whales and are declining due, in part, to this
entanglement-related mortality. Right whales are frequently intractable and are very
difficult and potentially unsafe to work with while attempting to disentangle the animal.
Modifications and technological advances are needed to control, restrain and overall
increase the success rate at which right whales are able to be cut free from entangling
gear.National Marine Fisheries Servic
Sand stirred by chaotic advection
We study the spatial structure of a granular material, N particles subject to
inelastic mutual collisions, when it is stirred by a bidimensional smooth
chaotic flow. A simple dynamical model is introduced where four different time
scales are explicitly considered: i) the Stokes time, accounting for the
inertia of the particles, ii) the mean collision time among the grains, iii)
the typical time scale of the flow, and iv) the inverse of the Lyapunov
exponent of the chaotic flow, which gives a typical time for the separation of
two initially close parcels of fluid. Depending on the relative values of these
different times a complex scenario appears for the long-time steady spatial
distribution of particles, where clusters of particles may or not appear.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
1E161348-5055 in the Supernova Remnant RCW 103: A Magnetar in a Young Low Mass Binary System?
We suggest that the unique X-ray source 1E161348-5055 at the centre of the
supernova remnant RCW 103 consists of a neutron star in close orbit with a low
mass main sequence star. The time signature of 6.67 hr is interpreted as the
neutron star's spin period. This requires the neutron star to be endowed with a
high surface magnetic field of~10^15 G. Magnetic or/and material (propeller)
torques are able to spin rapidly the young neutron star down to an asymptotic,
equilibrium spin period in close synchronism with the orbital period, similarly
to what happens in the Polar Cataclysmic Variables. 1E161348-5055 could be the
first case of a magnetar born in a young low mass binary system.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Ap
State Transitions and the Continuum Limit for a 2D Interacting, Self-Propelled Particle System
We study a class of swarming problems wherein particles evolve dynamically
via pairwise interaction potentials and a velocity selection mechanism. We find
that the swarming system undergoes various changes of state as a function of
the self-propulsion and interaction potential parameters. In this paper, we
utilize a procedure which, in a definitive way, connects a class of
individual-based models to their continuum formulations and determine criteria
for the validity of the latter. H-stability of the interaction potential plays
a fundamental role in determining both the validity of the continuum
approximation and the nature of the aggregation state transitions. We perform a
linear stability analysis of the continuum model and compare the results to the
simulations of the individual-based one
Transforming the Healthcare Response to Intimate Partner Violence and Taking Best Practices to Scale
BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent among adolescent and adult women, with significant physical, sexual, and mental health consequences. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine\u27s Clinical Preventive Services for Women consensus report recommended universal screening for violence as a component of women\u27s preventive services; this policy has been adopted by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA). These policy developments require that effective clinic-based interventions be identified, easily implemented, and taken to scale.
METHODS: To foster dialogue about implementing effective interventions, we convened a symposium entitled Responding to Violence Against Women: Emerging Evidence, Implementation Science, and Innovative Interventions, on May 21, 2012. Drawing on multidisciplinary expertise, the agenda integrated data on the prevalence and health impact of IPV violence, with an overview of the implementation science framework, and a panel of innovative IPV screening interventions. Recommendations were generated for developing, testing, and implementing clinic-based interventions to reduce violence and mitigate its health impact.
RESULTS: The strength of evidence supporting specific IPV screening interventions has improved, but the optimal implementation and dissemination strategies are not clear. Implementation science, which seeks to close the evidence to program gap, is a useful framework for improving screening and intervention uptake and ensuring the translation of research findings into routine practice.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings have substantial relevance to the broader research, clinical, and practitioner community. Our conference proceedings fill a timely gap in knowledge by informing practitioners as they strive to implement universal IPV screening and guiding researchers as they evaluate the success of implementing IPV interventions to improve women\u27s health and well-being
Steady state properties of a mean field model of driven inelastic mixtures
We investigate a Maxwell model of inelastic granular mixture under the
influence of a stochastic driving and obtain its steady state properties in the
context of classical kinetic theory. The model is studied analytically by
computing the moments up to the eighth order and approximating the
distributions by means of a Sonine polynomial expansion method. The main
findings concern the existence of two different granular temperatures, one for
each species, and the characterization of the distribution functions, whose
tails are in general more populated than those of an elastic system. These
analytical results are tested against Monte Carlo numerical simulations of the
model and are in general in good agreement. The simulations, however, reveal
the presence of pronounced non-gaussian tails in the case of an infinite
temperature bath, which are not well reproduced by the Sonine method.Comment: 23 pages, 10 figures, submitted for publicatio
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From Treatment to Healing: Inquiry and Response to Recent and Past Trauma in Adult Health Care.
Exercise recommendations for people with bone metastases: Expert consensus for healthcare providers and clinical exercise professionals
Purpose: Exercise has been underutilized in people with advanced or incurable cancer despite the potential to improve physical function and reduce psychosocial morbidity, especially for people with bone metastases because of concerns over skeletal complications. The International Bone Metastases Exercise Working Group (IBMEWG) was formed to develop best practice recommendations for exercise programming for people with bone metastases on the basis of published research, clinical experience, and expert opinion. Methods: The IBMEWG undertook sequential steps to inform the recommendations: (1) modified Delphi survey, (2) systematic review, (3) cross-sectional survey to physicians and nurse practitioners, (4) in-person meeting of IBMEWG to review evidence from steps 1-3 to develop draft recommendations, and (5) stakeholder engagement. Results: Recommendations emerged from the contributing evidence and IBMEWG discussion for pre-exercise screening, exercise testing, exercise prescription, and monitoring of exercise response. Identification of individuals who are potentially at higher risk of exercise-related skeletal complication is a complex interplay of these factors: (1) lesion-related, (2) cancer and cancer treatment–related, and (3) the person-related. Exercise assessment and prescription requires consideration of the location and presentation of bone lesion(s) and should be delivered by qualified exercise professionals with oncology education and exercise prescription experience. Emphasis on postural alignment, controlled movement, and proper technique is essential. Conclusion: Ultimately, the perceived risk of skeletal complications should be weighed against potential health benefits on the basis of consultation between the person, health care team, and exercise professionals. These recommendations provide an initial framework to improve the integration of exercise programming into clinical care for people with bone metastases
Development and implementation of a prescription opioid registry across diverse health systems
Objective: Develop and implement a prescription opioid registry in 10 diverse health systems across the US and describe trends in prescribed opioids between 2012 and 2018.
Materials and Methods: Using electronic health record and claims data, we identified patients who had an outpatient fill for any prescription opioid, and/or an opioid use disorder diagnosis, between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2018. The registry contains distributed files of prescription opioids, benzodiazepines and other select medications, opioid antagonists, clinical diagnoses, procedures, health services utilization, and health plan membership. Rates of outpatient opioid fills over the study period, standardized to health system demographic distributions, are described by age, gender, and race/ethnicity among members without cancer.
Results: The registry includes 6 249 710 patients and over 40 million outpatient opioid fills. For the combined registry population, opioid fills declined from a high of 0.718 per member-year in 2013 to 0.478 in 2018, and morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) per fill declined from 985 MMEs per fill in 2012 to 758 MMEs in 2018. MMEs per member declined from 692 MMEs per member in 2012 to 362 MMEs per member in 2018.
Conclusion: This study established a population-based opioid registry across 10 diverse health systems that can be used to address questions related to opioid use. Initial analyses showed large reductions in overall opioid use per member among the combined health systems. The registry will be used in future studies to answer a broad range of other critical public health issues relating to prescription opioid use
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