Optimisation of Perioperative Cardiovascular Management to Improve Surgical Outcome II (OPTIMISE II) trial: study protocol for a multicentre international trial of cardiac output-guided fluid therapy with low-dose inotrope infusion compared with usual care in patients undergoing major elective gastrointestinal surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative morbidity and mortality in older patients with comorbidities undergoing gastrointestinal surgery are a major burden on healthcare systems. Infections after surgery are common in such patients, prolonging hospitalisation and reducing postoperative short-term and long-term survival. Optimal management of perioperative intravenous fluids and inotropic drugs may reduce infection rates and improve outcomes from surgery. Previous small trials of cardiac-output-guided haemodynamic therapy algorithms suggested a modest reduction in postoperative morbidity. A large definitive trial is needed to confirm or refute this and inform widespread clinical practice. METHODS: The Optimisation of Perioperative Cardiovascular Management to Improve Surgical Outcome II (OPTIMISE II) trial is a multicentre, international, parallel group, open, randomised controlled trial. 2502 high-risk patients undergoing major elective gastrointestinal surgery will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio using minimisation to minimally invasive cardiac output monitoring to guide protocolised administration of intravenous fluid combined with low-dose inotrope infusion, or usual care. The trial intervention will be carried out during and for 4 hours after surgery. The primary outcome is postoperative infection of Clavien-Dindo grade II or higher within 30 days of randomisation. Participants and those delivering the intervention will not be blinded to treatment allocation; however, outcome assessors will be blinded when feasible. Participant recruitment started in January 2017 and is scheduled to last 3 years, within 50 hospitals worldwide. ETHICS/DISSEMINATION: The OPTIMISE II trial has been approved by the UK National Research Ethics Service and has been approved by responsible ethics committees in all participating countries. The findings will be disseminated through publication in a widely accessible peer-reviewed scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN39653756.The OPTIMISE II trial is supported by Edwards Lifesciences (Irvine, CA) and the UK National Institute for Health Research through RMP’s NIHR Professorship

Fatores associados à carga de trabalho de enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Factores asociados a la carga de trabajo de enfermería en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Factors associated with nursing workload in adult intensive care units

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram analisar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem e os fatores associados a ela, no primeiro dia de internação dos pacientes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, de corte transversal e com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em abril de 2002 e outubro de 2004. Os dados foram extraídos de um banco de dados que reuniu informações de 5 UTIs de dois hospitais privados e a amostra foi constituída por 214 pacientes adultos que permaneceram no mínimo 24 horas na UTI. A média do escore total do Nursing Activities Score (NAS) foi de 69,9% e mediana de 68,0%. Verificou-se, segundo a mediana, que 109 (50,9%) indivíduos tiveram alta carga de trabalho de enfermagem e 105 (49,1%) baixa carga. Observou-se também que a gravidade, a idade do paciente e o tipo de tratamento não foram fatores associados à demanda de trabalho de enfermagem.<br>Los objetivos de esta pesquisa fueron analizar la carga de trabajo de enfermería y los factores asociados a ella, en el primer día de internación de los pacientes en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo, de corte transversal y con abordaje cuantitativa, realizado en abril de 2002 y octubre de 2004. Los datos fueron extraídos de un banco de datos que reunió informaciones de 5 UTIs de dos hospitales particulares y la muestra fue constituida por 214 pacientes adultos que permanecieron en el mínimo de 24 horas en la UTI. La media de escore total del Nursing Activities Store (NAS) fue de 69,9% y mediana de 68,0%. Se verificó, según la mediana, que 109 (50,9%) individuos tuvieron alta carga de trabajo de enfermería y 105 (49,1%) baja carga. Se observó también que la gravedad, la edad del paciente y el tipo de tratamiento no fueron factores asociados a la demanda de trabajo de enfermería.<br>This study was aimed both at analyzing the nursing workload on the first day of admission of patients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and the factors associated with it. This is a qualitative, retrospective, cross-section study that was carried out in April of 2002 and October of 2004. The data were taken from a database that gathered information from 5 ICUs from two private hospitals and the sample was comprised of 214 adult patients that remained in the ICU for at least 24 hours. The total Nursing Activities Score (NAS) average was 69.9%, and the median 68.0%. According to the median, it was verified that 109 (50.9%) individuals required heavy nursing attention and the remaining 105 (49.1%) required less attention. The severity of the illness, the patient's age and the kind of treatment were not factors associated with nursing workload in the first 24 hours at the ICU

Esclerose lateral amiotrófica variante distal dos membros inferiores apresentação de três casos

Os autores apresentam três casos de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica, variante de Patrikios, chamando a atenção para a importância do diagnóstico diferencial desta com as neuropatias periféricas