The Late Miocene Gomphothere Amahuacatherium peruvium (Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae) from Amazonian Peru: Implications for the great american faunal interchange - [Boletín D 23]

Se presentan en detalle los caracteres osteológicos del proboscideo Amahuacatherium peruvium (Proboscidea: Gomphotheriidae). Este proboscideo fue recuperado de los depósitos del Mioceno (Chasicoan) expuestos a lo largo del río Madre de Dios en las tierras bajas al sudeste del Perú. Este proboscideo fue un gomphothere tetrabelodonte y brevirostrino con mandíbulas inferiores que conservan los incisivos y molares con un patrón de esmalte ligeramente complicado. El Amahuacatherium peruvium proviene de la parte baja de la discordancia que se formó durante un período de gran erosión en toda la cuenca del Amazonas al comienzo del Mioceno tardío, cuando el nivel del mar comenzó a descender globalmente hace doce millones de años. Este taxón representa la ocurrencia más temprana de proboscideos, o de cualquier mamífero norteamericano en América del Sur, también representa la ocurrencia más temprana en América del Norte y en América del Sur de cualquier participante en el gran intercambio faunal americano. Algunos proboscideos norteamericanos pueden derivarse de linajes que se originaron en América del Sur durante el Mioceno tardío o Plioceno. Se propone que los proboscideos de América del Norte dispersados en América del Sur siguieron una ruta a través de Panamá vía las serranías de San Blas que conectó al arco de Baudo y el terreno alóctono de Chocó y finalizó en las colinas Istmina de Colombia. El informe presenta bibliografía

Differences In Management and Marketing Professors\u27 Perspectives On The Rising Cost of College Textbooks

Textbooks are an integral component of the higher education process. However, a great deal of concern about the high costs of college textbooks has been expressed by those inside and outside of higher education. This paper focuses on the results of a study of the differences in Management and Marketing professors\u27 criteria and use of textbooks and their reactions to some of the changes that have been implemented or may be implemented by universities, state legislatures, and publishers to combat these cost escalations. Findings suggest that management and marketing instructors, particularly those with years of experience, acknowledge the concerns their students have over high textbook prices. They are willing to have legislation enacted to force changes in the marketing of the textbooks by publishers, but they do not want university policies that (from their perspective) restrict their choices for texts. Nor are they in favor of possible publisher cost saving strategies that appear to add administrative burdens on faculty involved in the adoption process

The high taxonomic diversity of the Palaeogene hystricognath rodents (Caviomorpha) from Santa Rosa (Peru, South America) framed within a new geochronological context

Hystricognath rodents arrived in South America from Africa during the Paleogene. The oldest South American rodents (Caviomorpha) were intensively studied in recent years. One of these assemblages is the caviomorph paleofauna from Santa Rosa, Peru. Their age was originally estimated as ?Eocene. Here, we report new caviomorph fossils from Santa Rosa and review the previously described rodents taking into account new dates and updated caviomorph information. We identified 18 genera and 22 species, including one new genus and species (Vucetichimys pretrilophodoncia gen. et sp. nov.), and two new species (Shapajamys minor sp. nov. and Ucayalimys amahuacensis sp. nov.). All taxa are brachydont, with visible cusps, and thin crests. The Santa Rosa rodents are one of the oldest and the most diverse caviomorph paleofaunas known from low latitudes of South America. Similarities between these caviomorphs and other Paleogene assemblages lead us to propose an early Oligocene age for those rodents from the Yurúa River (Brazil) and a close temporal relationship with the oldest known levels from Contamana. This new biochronological scenario has deep implications in the origin and early evolution of caviomorphs. A middle Eocene? entrance of one or several waves of African rodents arriving in South America is possible

La geología del Cuaternario del departamento de Madre de Dios

Depósitos del Cuaternario tardío de la Formación Madre de Dios cubren todas las tierras bajas del departamento de Madre de Dios. La formación comprende tres horizontes y alcanzan hasta 70 metros en espesor. El miembro a consta de dos unidades: una zona inferior conglomerádica con numerosos paleocanales y un alto grado da hematización, que yace discordantemente sobre las arcillas del Terciario y una zona superior que consiste en arcillas y arenas. Los estudios de radiocarbono indican una edad aproximada da 38,500 años antes del presente. Los dos horizontes superiores (miembros B y C) son fundamentalmente facies alternantes de arenas y arcillas, usualmente muy bien clasificadas y a menudo de varios metros de espesor. Los depósitos de paleocanal son comunes. La composición total de los depósitos de la Formación Madre da Dios indican deposición en un gran lago con una estructura deltaica compleja. Por eso el contenido de oro en estos depósitos se presume que es mínimo. Loa depósitos de oro qua se explotan de loa ríos de la región pudieron haber sido formados posteriormente hace 12.500 años del presente cuando la deposición fue interrumpida y nuevos procesos erosivos formaron los ríos caudalosos da la actualidad

Issue Voting: An Empirical Examination of Individually Necessary and Jointly Sufficient Conditions

This paper argues that six conditions must be met to conclude that issue voting exists: (1) candidates must take different positions on the issues of the day; (2) the campaign issues must be salient to the voter; (3) voters must have a position on the issue; (4) voters must accurately perceive candidate positions; (5) issue-based candidate evaluations must be consistent with vote intention; and (6) vote intention must be based on a previously established issue evaluation not vice versa. This study estimates the number of voters who were able to meet these conditions for issue voting during the 1972 presidential election campaign.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Upper cenozoic chronostratigraphy of the southwestern Amazon Basin

The lack of numerical age dates for upper Cenozoic strata of the Amazon Basin has prevented resolution of its geologic history and accurate dating of important paleofaunas. Here we present results of magnetostratigraphy and 40Ar/39Ar dating of two volcanic ash deposits from the Madre de Dios Formation of eastern Peru. The two ash ages, 9.01 ± 0.28 Ma and 3.12 ± 0.02 Ma, provide the first numerical age data necessary for accurate interpretation of late Tertiary sedimentation in Amazonia and establish approximate time constraints for the last major cycle of Cenozoic deposition within the southwestern Amazon Basin. The older ash age also provides a minimum age for numerous Amazonian paleofaunas, which allows a more definitive correlation of these paleofaunas with those in other regions of South America

Basic science methods for the characterization of variants of uncertain significance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

With the advent of next-generation whole genome sequencing, many variants of uncertain significance (VUS) have been identified in individuals suffering from inheritable hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Unfortunately, this classification of a genetic variant results in ambiguity in interpretation, risk stratification, and clinical practice. Here, we aim to review some basic science methods to gain a more accurate characterization of VUS in HCM. Currently, many genomic data-based computational methods have been developed and validated against each other to provide a robust set of resources for researchers. With the continual improvement in computing speed and accuracy, in silico molecular dynamic simulations can also be applied in mutational studies and provide valuable mechanistic insights. In addition, high throughput in vitro screening can provide more biologically meaningful insights into the structural and functional effects of VUS. Lastly, multi-level mathematical modeling can predict how the mutations could cause clinically significant organ-level dysfunction. We discuss emerging technologies that will aid in better VUS characterization and offer a possible basic science workflow for exploring the pathogenicity of VUS in HCM. Although the focus of this mini review was on HCM, these basic science methods can be applied to research in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), or other genetic cardiomyopathies

Expecting the Unexpected: Radiation Hardened Software

Radiation induced Single Event Effects (SEEs) are a serious problem for spacecraft flight software, potentially leading to a complete loss of mission. Conventional risk mitigation has been focused on hardware, leading to slow, expensive and outdated on-board computing devices, increased power consumption and launch mass. Our approach is to look at SEEs from a software perspective, and to explicitly design flight software so that it can detect and correct the majority of SEES. Radiation hardened flight software will reduce the significant residual residual risk for critical missions and flight phases, and enable more use of inexpensive and fast COTS hardware

Descriptive Analysis of a Baseline Concussion Battery Among U.S. Service Academy Members: Results from the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium

Introduction The prevalence and possible long-term consequences of concussion remain an increasing concern to the U.S. military, particularly as it pertains to maintaining a medically ready force. Baseline testing is being used both in the civilian and military domains to assess concussion injury and recovery. Accurate interpretation of these baseline assessments requires one to consider other influencing factors not related to concussion. To date, there is limited understanding, especially within the military, of what factors influence normative test performance. Given the significant physical and mental demands placed on service academy members (SAM), and their relatively high risk for concussion, it is important to describe demographics and normative profile of SAMs. Furthermore, the absence of available baseline normative data on female and non-varsity SAMs makes interpretation of post-injury assessments challenging. Understanding how individuals perform at baseline, given their unique individual characteristics (e.g., concussion history, sex, competition level), will inform post-concussion assessment and management. Thus, the primary aim of this manuscript is to characterize the SAM population and determine normative values on a concussion baseline testing battery. Materials and Methods All data were collected as part of the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium. The baseline test battery included a post-concussion symptom checklist (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT), psychological health screening inventory (Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) and neurocognitive evaluation (ImPACT), Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), and Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC). Linear regression models were used to examine differences across sexes, competition levels, and varsity contact levels while controlling for academy, freshman status, race, and previous concussion. Zero inflated negative binomial models estimated symptom scores due to the high frequency of zero scores. Results Significant, but small, sex effects were observed on the ImPACT visual memory task. While, females performed worse than males (p < 0.0001, pη2 = 0.01), these differences were small and not larger than the effects of the covariates. A similar pattern was observed for competition level on the SAC. There was a small, but significant difference across competition level. SAMs participating in varsity athletics did significantly worse on the SAC compared to SAMs participating in club or intramural athletics (all p’s < 0.001, η2 = 0.01). When examining symptom reporting, males were more than two times as likely to report zero symptoms on the SCAT or BSI-18. Intramural SAMs had the highest number of symptoms and severity compared to varsity SAMs (p < 0.0001, Cohen’s d < 0.2). Contact level was not associated with SCAT or BSI-18 symptoms among varsity SAMs. Notably, the significant differences across competition level on SCAT and BSI-18 were sub-clinical and had small effect sizes. Conclusion The current analyses provide the first baseline concussion battery normative data among SAMs. While statistically significant differences may be observed on baseline tests, the effect sizes for competition and contact levels are very small, indicating that differences are likely not clinically meaningful at baseline. Identifying baseline differences and significant covariates is important for future concussion-related analyses to inform concussion evaluations for all athlete levels