Consumo alimentar segundo os dias da semana – Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação, 2008-2009

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the variations in energy, nutrients, and food groups intake between days of the week and weekend days in the Brazilian population. METHODS: We used data from the first National Food Survey (2008-2009) of a one-day food log of a representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years or older (n = 34,003). For the analyses, we considered the sample weights and the effect of the study design. The mean (and standard deviations) and frequencies (%) of energy, nutrients, and food groups consumption were estimated for weekdays (Monday to Friday) and weekend (Saturday and Sunday), we then estimated the differences according to the days of the week for the population strata analyzed. RESULTS: The average daily energy intake for the weekend was 8% higher than the one observed for weekdays. The average percentage contribution of carbohydrate to the daily energy intake was higher during the week compared to Saturday and Sunday (56.3% versus 54.1%, p < 0.01). The inverse was observed for averages of the contribution to the daily intake of energy from total fat (26.8% versus 28.4%), saturated fat (9.1% versus 9.9%) and trans fat (1.4% versus 1.6%). The most significant changes between weekdays and weekend days were observed for eggs, sugar-added beverages, puff snacks and chips, beans, and pasta. During weekends, the frequency of beverage with added sugar consumption increased by 34%, the amount consumed increased by 42%, and the contribution to energy intake increased by 62% when compared to weekdays. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian population increases energy intake and unhealthy food markers on weekends compared to weekdaysOBJETIVO: Avaliar as variações na ingestão de energia, nutrientes e grupos de alimentos entre dias da semana e dias de fim de semana na população brasileira. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados dados obtidos no primeiro Inquérito Nacional de Alimentação (2008-2009) de um dia de registro alimentar de amostra representativa da população brasileira com 10 ou mais anos de idade (n = 34.003). Para as análises, foram considerados os pesos amostrais e o efeito do desenho de estudo. Foram estimadas as médias (e desvios-padrões) e frequências (%) da ingestão de energia, nutrientes e grupos de alimentos para dias de semana (de segunda a sexta-feira) e de final de semana (sábado e domingo), sendo estimadas as diferenças segundo os dias da semana para os estratos populacionais analisados. RESULTADOS: A ingestão diária média de energia do fim de semana foi 8% maior que a observada para dias de semana. A contribuição percentual média de carboidrato para a ingestão diária de energia foi maior durante a semana em comparação com sábado e domingo (56,3% versus 54,1%; p < 0,01). O inverso foi observado para as médias da contribuição para a ingestão diária de energia de gordura total (26,8% versus 28,4%), gordura saturada (9,1% versus 9,9%) e gordura trans (1,4% versus 1,6%). As mudanças mais importantes entre os dias de semana e de fim de semana foram observadas para ovos, bebidas com adição de açúcar, salgadinhos e chips, feijão e massas. Nos finais de semana, a frequência de consumo de bebidas com adição de açúcar aumentou em 34%, a quantidade consumida sofreu incremento de 42% e a contribuição para a ingestão de energia se elevou em 62%, quando comparados aos dias de semana. CONCLUSÕES: A população brasileira aumenta a ingestão de energia e de marcadores de alimentação pouco saudável nos finais de semana em comparação aos dias de seman

Translation and cultural adaptation of the questionnaire on the reason for food choices (Food Choice Questionnaire - FCQ) into Portuguese

The Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) assesses the importance that subjects attribute to nine factors related to food choices: health, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, natural content, price, weight control, familiarity and ethical concern. This study sought to assess the applicability of the FCQ in Brazil; it describes the translation and cultural adaptation from English into Portuguese of the FCQ via the following steps: independent translations, consensus, back-translation, evaluation by a committee of experts, semantic validation and pre-test. The pre-test was run with a randomly sampled group of 86 male and female college students from different courses with a median age of 19. Slight differences between the versions were observed and adjustments were made. After minor changes in the translation process, the committee of experts considered that the Brazilian Portuguese version was semantically and conceptually equivalent to the English original. Semantic validation showed that the questionnaire is easily understood. The instrument presented a high degree of internal consistency. The study is the first stage in the process of validating an instrument, which consists of face and content validity. Further stages, already underway, are needed before other researchers can use it.O Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) avalia a importância atribuída pelos indivíduos a nove fatores relacionados às escolhas alimentares: saúde, humor, conveniência, apelo sensorial, conteúdo natural, preço, controle de peso, familiaridade e preocupação ética. O estudo objetivou descrever o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do FCQ para a língua portuguesa e avaliar sua aplicabilidade com as seguintes etapas: traduções independentes, obtenção do consenso em português, retrotradução, avaliação por um comitê de especialistas, validação semântica e pré-teste. Este foi aplicado em uma amostra aleatória de 86 estudantes universitários, de ambos os sexos, mediana de 19 anos de idade. Pequenas diferenças entre as versões foram observadas e poucas adaptações realizadas. Após discretas modificações nos processos de tradução, o comitê de especialistas considerou que a versão para o português apresentou equivalências semântica e conceitual. A validação semântica demonstrou fácil compreensão. O instrumento apresentou alto grau de consistência interna. O estudo foi a primeira etapa do processo de validação de um instrumento, que é a validade de face e de conteúdo. Novas etapas, que já se encontram em andamento, são necessárias antes de sua utilização por outros pesquisadores

Determinants of food choice: why people eat what they eat?

Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre os fatores determinantes do consumo alimentar. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura em bases de dados, como Medline e na biblioteca da Faculdade de Saúde Pública daUniversidade de São Paulo (FSP-USP). Resultados: Foram criadas quatro categorias de fatores determinantes do consumo alimentar: biológica, econômica, oferta/disponibilidade dos alimentos e social. Entre os fatores biológicos, podem-se destacar as características sensoriais dos alimentos, principalmente o sabor, apontado como um dos principais determinantes. Na categoria econômica são incluídos a renda familiar, o preço dos alimentos e a escolaridade. A oferta e a disponibilidade dos alimentos abrangem as influências do meio ambiente na aquisição dos alimentos e quanto aos determinantes sociais estão relacionados à estrutura, dinâmica e influência da família. Pouco se conhece sobre os fatores que determinam as escolhas e o consumo alimentar dos brasileiros. É necessária a realização de mais estudos para conhecê-losObjective: The aim of the present study is to conduct a literature review on the determinants of food consumption. Methods: A literature review was performed. Results: Four categories of determinants of food consumption were created: biological, economic, food availability and social. Among the biological factors, the sensory characteristics of foods, especially the flavor, was described as one of the main determinants. In the economic category were included family income, price of food and schooling. The availability of food includes the influences of the environment in the acquisition of food and the social determinants are related to the structure, dynamics and influence of the family. Little is known about the factors that determine the choices and food consumption of the Brazilians. It is necessary to conduct more studies to know the

Psychometric evaluation of the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS). English version

Eating attitudes are defined as beliefs, thoughts, feelings, behaviors and relationship with food They could influence people`s food choices and their health status Objective This study aimed to adapt from Portuguese to English the Disordered Eating Attitude Scale (DEAS) and evaluate its validity and reliability. The original scale in Portuguese was translated and adapted into English and was applied to female university students of University of Minnesota USA (n = 224). Internal consistency was determined (Cronbach`s Alpha). Convergent validity was assessed by correlations between Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) and Restrain Scale (RS). Reliability was evaluated applying twice the scale to a sub-sample (n = 30). The scale was back translated into Portuguese and compared with the original version and discrepancies were not found. The internal consistency was .76 The DEAS total score was significantly associated with EAT-26 (r = 0.65) and RS (r = 0 69) scores The correlation between test-retest was r = 09 The English version of DEAS showed appropriate internal consistency, convergent validity and test-retest reliability and will be useful to assess eating attitudes in different population groups in English spoken countries. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reservedState of Sao Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP[06/56850-9

Food Consumption According to the Days of the Week – National Food Survey, 2008-2009

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Evaluate the variations in energy, nutrients, and food groups intake between days of the week and weekend days in the Brazilian population. METHODS We used data from the first National Food Survey (2008-2009) of a one-day food log of a representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 10 years or older (n = 34,003). For the analyses, we considered the sample weights and the effect of the study design. The mean (and standard deviations) and frequencies (%) of energy, nutrients, and food groups consumption were estimated for weekdays (Monday to Friday) and weekend (Saturday and Sunday), we then estimated the differences according to the days of the week for the population strata analyzed. RESULTS The average daily energy intake for the weekend was 8% higher than the one observed for weekdays. The average percentage contribution of carbohydrate to the daily energy intake was higher during the week compared to Saturday and Sunday (56.3% versus 54.1%, p < 0.01). The inverse was observed for averages of the contribution to the daily intake of energy from total fat (26.8% versus 28.4%), saturated fat (9.1% versus 9.9%) and trans fat (1.4% versus 1.6%). The most significant changes between weekdays and weekend days were observed for eggs, sugar-added beverages, puff snacks and chips, beans, and pasta. During weekends, the frequency of beverage with added sugar consumption increased by 34%, the amount consumed increased by 42%, and the contribution to energy intake increased by 62% when compared to weekdays. CONCLUSIONS The Brazilian population increases energy intake and unhealthy food markers on weekends compared to weekdays

Meal habits and anthropometric indicators in adolescents from public and private schools of the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro

<div><p>ABSTRACT Objective To describe meal consumption habits and assess their associations with anthropometric indicators. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,749 elementary and high school students from public and private schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (mean age=15.3 years), who were selected for the baseline of the Longitudinal Study for Nutritional Assessment of Adolescents. Meal habits and meals consumed in the company of parents were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The consumption of the main meals was categorized as regular (daily) or irregular (≤6 times a week). The meal consumption profile was considered either satisfactory (breakfast, lunch, and dinner consumed on a daily basis) or unsatisfactory. Body Mass Index, waist-to-height ratio, and body fat percentage were calculated. The association between meal consumption habits and anthropometric indicators was estimated using multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age and sex and stratified according to the type of school. Results Regular lunch consumption was more frequent among private schools students, who also had higher frequency of eating dinner irregularly. Among students from private schools, the unsatisfactory meal consumption profile and irregular meal habits were associated with being overweight, having a high waist-to-height ratio, and increased body fat percentage. Among students from public schools, it was observed association between being overweight with irregular breakfast habits. Conclusion In adolescents, the association between meal habits and weight status may be modulated by socioeconomic condition.</p></div