Brazilian version of airways questionnaire 20: a reproducibility study and correlations in patients with COPD

This study describes the correlations and reproducibility of AQ20, a simple health status questionnaire with 20 questions, which was designed to be useful especially in time sparing situations. A format language validation process was done, in order to validate the AQ20 before studying its reproducibility. Thirty stable COPD patients answered the final version twice within 15 days. To test the reproducibility of AQ20, the interclass correlation coefficient and Bland Altman display were used. Results were correlated with FEV1, SpO(2), BMI, Mahler BDI, and the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Twenty-five patients (83.3%) were male, with a mean age of 68.6 years. the mean predicted FEV1 (%) was 56.8%. the interclass correlation ratio for the total score was alpha = 0.90 for the intraobserver variability and alpha = 0.93 for the interobserver variability. the correlation with total SGRQ score was 0.76, with P < 0.001. the mean application time for AQ20 was 4min and 6s, and the score calculation time, was 8s. It can be concluded that AQ20 is reproducible, with an excellent correlation with SGRQ total score, and also having the advantage of taking just a few minutes to be applied and to have its score calculated. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Resp, Rehabil Ctr, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilUniv London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, EnglandUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Resp, Rehabil Ctr, BR-04023062 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit: systematic review

Prolonged stay in the Intensive Care Unit and mechanical ventilation are associated with functional decline, increased morbidity and mortality, and healthcare costs. The early mobilization seems to have beneficial effects on these factors. The aim of this study was to systematize knowledge about early mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit. This is a systematic review, with inclusion of clinical trials published between 1998 and 2012. We used the scale Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Eight studies were included and analyzed. It was concluded that early mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit has a significant impact on patients' functional outcomes.Permanência prolongada na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e ventilação mecânica estão associadas com declínio funcional, aumento da morbidade e mortalidade e custos assistenciais. A mobilização precoce parece ter efeitos benéficos sobre estes fatores. O objetivo do presente estudo foi sistematizar o conhecimento sobre a mobilização precoce na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, com inclusão de ensaios clínicos publicados entre 1998 e 2012. Utilizou-se a escala Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) para avaliação da qualidade metodológica das investigações. Oito estudos foram incluídos e analisados. Concluiu-se que a mobilização precoce na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva apresentou um impacto significativamente positivo nos resultados funcionais dos pacientes.La permanencia prolongada en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos y la ventilación mecánica están asociadas a la caída funcional, al aumento de morbidad y mortalidad y a los costos asistenciales. La movilización precoz parece tener efectos benéficos en esos factores. El objetivo del presente estudio fue sistematizar el conocimiento acerca de la movilización precoz en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Se trata de una revisión sistemática, con la inclusión de ensayos clínicos publicados entre el 1998 y el 2012. Se utilizó la escala Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) para evaluación de la cualidad metodológica de las investigaciones. Ocho estudios fueron inclusos y analizados. Se concluye que la movilización precoz en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos presentó un impacto significativamente positivo en los resultados funcionales de los pacientes

Evaluating physical capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: comparing the shuttle walk test with the encouraged 6-minute walk test

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the applicability of the incremental (shuttle) walk test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and compare the performance of those patients on the shuttle walk test to that of the same patients on the encouraged 6-minute walk test. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 24 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected. In random order, patients were, after an initial practice period, submitted to a shuttle walk test and an encouraged 6-minute walk test. RESULTS: The patients obtained a higher heart rate (expressed as a percentage of that predicted based on gender and age) on the encouraged 6-minute walk test (84.1 ± 11.4%) than on the shuttle walk test (76.4 ± 9.7%) (p = 0.003). The post-test sensation of dyspnea (Borg scale) was also higher on the encouraged 6-minute walk test. On average, the patients walked 307.0 ± 89.3 meters on the shuttle walk test and 515.5 ± 102.3 meters on the encouraged 6-minute walk test (p < 0.001). There was a good correlation between the two tests in terms of the distance walked (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The shuttle walk test is simple and easy to implement in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The encouraged 6-minute walk test produced higher post-test heart rate and greater post-test sensation of dyspnea than did the shuttle walk test.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade do teste de caminhada com carga progressiva em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, e comparar o desempenho desses pacientes durante esse teste e o de caminhada de seis minutos com acompanhamento. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo de corte descritivo, em que foram selecionados 24 portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Em ordem aleatória, realizou-se um teste de caminhada com carga progressiva e um de caminhada de seis minutos com acompanhamento, após um período de prática inicial. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes alcançaram no teste de caminhada com carga progressiva, em média, uma freqüência cardíaca máxima de 76,4 ± 9,7%, valor inferior aos 84,1 ± 11,4% alcançados no de caminhada de seis minutos com acompanhamento, em relação ao máximo previsto para idade e gênero (p = 0,003). A sensação de dispnéia ao final do teste (escala de Borg) também foi maior no de caminhada de seis minutos com acompanhamento. Os pacientes caminharam, em média, 307,0 ± 89,3 metros no teste de caminhada com carga progressiva, contra 515,5 ± 102, 3 metros no de caminhada de seis minutos com acompanhamento (p < 0,001). Houve boa correlação entre as distâncias percorridas entre os dois testes (r = 0,80, p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O teste de caminhada com carga progressiva é simples e fácil de ser realizado em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. O teste de caminhada de seis minutos com acompanhamento levou a uma maior freqüência cardíaca e a maior sensação de dispnéia ao seu final.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Prevalence and Impact of Comorbidities in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review

COPD; Comorbidity; MortalityEPOC; comorbilidad; MortalidadMPOC; Comorbilitat; MortalitatThis study aimed to describe the prevalence of comorbidities associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and their relation with relevant outcomes. A systematic review based on the PRISMA methodology was performed from January 2020 until July 2021. The MEDLINE, Lilacs, and Scielo databases were searched to identify studies related to COPD and its comorbidities. Observational studies on the prevalence of comorbidities in COPD patients and costs with health estimates, reduced quality of life, and mortality were included. Studies that were restricted to one or more COPD pain assessments and only specific comorbidities such as osteoporosis, bronchitis, and asthma were excluded. The initial search identified 1,409 studies and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies were finally selected for analysis (comprising data from 447,459 COPD subjects). The most frequent COPD comorbidities were: hypertension (range, 17%-64.7%), coronary artery disease (19.9%-47.8%), diabetes (10.2%-45%), osteoarthritis (18%-43.8%), psychiatric conditions (12.1%-33%), and asthma (14.7%-32.5%). Several comorbidities had an impact on the frequency and severity of COPD exacerbations, quality of life, and mortality risk, in particular malignancies, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Comorbidities, especially cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, are frequent in COPD patients, and some of them are associated with higher mortality.University of Bahi

Associação entre doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica e a má condição de saúde periodontal: um estudo transversal

Objective: Evidence suggests an association between periodontal disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Such association may happen by the presence of oral bacteria (either aspirated or through the bloodstream) and because both diseases are host mediated conditions with many risk factors and comorbidities in common. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency and severity of periodontal disease in patients with COPD. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 33 patients with COPD and 30 patients without COPD (control group). All patients underwent spirometry and were examined by a dentist. Periodontal status was evaluated by the following indexes: number of teeth, plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing depth (PD), PD of diseased sites (PDD), clinical attachment level (CAL), CAL of diseased sites (CALD) and percentage of diseased sites (CALDP). The periodontal disease was classified by severity and extent. The findings were analyzed under Pearson's chi-square test, independent samples t test and logistic regression with odds ratio. Results: The COPD group had higher PI (p = 0,01), CAL (p = 0,001) and CALDP (p &lt;0,001), more frequent, more severe (p = 0,015) and more generalized (p = 0.005) periodontal disease and the odds ratio for patients with COPD was 1.2 (95% CI: 1,023-1,408). Conclusions: Patients with COPD present worse periodontal status. Comprehensive periodontal examination in these patients seems to be necessary. More studies are needed in order to clarify the role of periodontal therapy in the management of COPD.Objetivo: Estudos sugerem uma associação entre a doença periodontal e a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Esta associação pode acontecer pela presença de bactérias na cavidade oral (aspiradas ou via corrente sanguínea) e porque ambas são condições mediadas pelo paciente com muitos fatores de risco e comorbidades em comum. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência e gravidade da doença periodontal em pacientes com DPOC. Método: Este estudo transversal incluiu 33 pacientes com DPOC e 30 pacientes sem DPOC (grupo controle). Todos os pacientes realizaram espirometria e foram examinados por um dentista. A condição periodontal foi avaliada através dos seguintes índices: número de dentes, índice de placa (IP), índice de sangramento gengival (IG), profundidade de sondagem (PS), PS dos sítios doentes (PSD), nível de inserção clínica (NIC), NIC dos sítios doentes (NICD) e percentual de sítios doentes (NICDP). A doença periodontal foi classificada quanto à severidade e extensão. Para análise estatística foram utilizados o teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson, o teste t de Student, análise de regressão logística e cálculo do odds ratio. Resultados: O grupo DPOC apresentou maiores IP (p=0,01), NIC (p=0,001) e&nbsp; NICDP (p&lt;0,001), doença periodontal mais frequente e severa (p=0,015) e mais generalizada (p=0,005), com odds ratio de 1,2 (95%IC: 1,023–1,408). Conclusões: Os pacientes com DPOC apresentaram pior condição periodontal. Um exame periodontal nesses pacientes parece ser necessário. Mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer o papel da terapia periodontal no protocolo de acompanhamento dos pacientes com DPOC

Efficacy of the FEV1/FEV6 ratio compared to the FEV1/FVC ratio for the diagnosis of airway obstruction in subjects aged 40 years or over

The present cross-sectional, population-based study was designed to evaluate the performance of the FEV1/FEV6 ratio for the detection of airway-obstructed subjects compared to the FEV1/FVC <0.70 fixed ratio test, as well as the lower limit of normality (LLN) for 1000 subjects ³40 years of age in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. After the exclusion of 37 (3.7%) spirometries, a total of 963 pre-bronchodilator (BD) and 918 post-BD curves were constructed. The majority of the post-BD curves (93.1%) were of very good quality and achieved grade A (762 curves) or B (93 curves). The FEV1/FEV6 and FEV1/FVC ratios were highly correlated (r² = 0.92, P < 0.000). Two receiver operator characteristic curves were constructed in order to express the imbalance between the sensitivity and specificity of the FEV1/FEV6 ratio compared to two FEV1/FVC cut-off points for airway obstruction: equal to 70 (area under the curve = 0.98, P < 0.0001) and the LLN (area under the curve = 0.97, P < 0.0001), in the post-BD curves. According to an FEV1/FVC <0.70, the cut-off point for the FEV1/FEV6 ratio with the highest sum for sensitivity and specificity was 0.75. The FEV1/FEV6 ratio can be considered to be a good alternative to the FEV1/FVC ratio for the diagnosis of airway obstruction, both using a fixed cut-off point or below the LLN as reference. The FEV1/FEV6 ratio has the additional advantage of being an easier maneuver for the subjects and for the lung function technicians, providing a higher reproducibility than traditional spirometry maneuvers.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Disciplina de Pneumologia e Centro de Reabilitação PulmonarUniversidade Católica do SalvadorFaculdade de Tecnologia e CiênciasNational Institute of Respiratory DiseasesUniversidade Federal da Bahia Disciplina de PneumologiaUniversidade Federal de Pelotas Programa de Pós-graduação em EpidemiologiaPLATINO GroupUNIFESP, EPM, Disciplina de Pneumologia e Centro de Reabilitação PulmonarSciEL

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is underdiagnosed and undertreated in São Paulo (Brazil): results of the PLATINO study

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease in adults over 40 years of age and has a great social and economic impact. It remains little recognized and undertreated even in developed countries. However, there are no data about its diagnosis and treatment in Brazil. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the proportion of COPD patients who had never been diagnosed and to determine if the COPD patients who had been identified were receiving appropriate treatment. The Latin American Project for the Investigation of Obstructive Lung Disease (PLATINO) was a randomized epidemiological study of adults over 40 years living in five metropolitan areas, including São Paulo. The studied sample was randomly selected from the population after a division of the metropolitan area of São Paulo in clusters according to social characteristics. All subjects answered a standardized questionnaire on respiratory symptoms, history of smoking, previous diagnosis of lung disease, and treatments. All subjects performed spirometry. The criterion for the diagnosis of COPD was defined by a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio lower than 0.7. A total of 918 subjects were evaluated and 144 (15.8%) met the diagnostic criterion for COPD. However, 126 individuals (87.5%) had never been diagnosed. This undiagnosed group of COPD patients had a lower proportion of subjects with respiratory symptoms than the previously diagnosed patients (88.9 vs 54.8%) and showed better lung function with greater FEV1 (86.8 ± 20.8 vs 68.5 ± 23.6% predicted) and FVC (106.6 ± 22.4 vs 92.0 ± 24.1% predicted). Among the COPD patients, only 57.3% were advised to stop smoking and 30.6% received the influenza vaccine. In addition, 82.3% did not receive any pharmacological treatment. In conclusion, COPD is underdiagnosed and a large number of COPD patients are not treated appropriately.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Centro de Reabilitação PulmonarUniversidade Federal da BahiaUniversidade Católica de Salvador Faculdade de Tecnologia e CiênciasUniversidade Federal de Pelotas Programa de Pós-graduação em EpidemiologiaNational Institute of Respiratory DiseasesPLATINO GroupUNIFESP, EPM, Centro de Reabilitação PulmonarSciEL

Accuracy of the Timed Up and Go test for predicting sarcopenia in elderly hospitalized patients

OBJECTIVES: The ability of the Timed Up and Go test to predict sarcopenia has not been evaluated previously. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Timed Up and Go test for predicting sarcopenia in elderly hospitalized patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 68 elderly patients (≥60 years of age) in a private hospital in the city of Salvador-BA, Brazil, between the 1st and 5th day of hospitalization. The predictive variable was the Timed Up and Go test score, and the outcome of interest was the presence of sarcopenia (reduced muscle mass associated with a reduction in handgrip strength and/or weak physical performance in a 6-m gait-speed test). After the descriptive data analyses, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of a test using the predictive variable to predict the presence of sarcopenia were calculated. RESULTS: In total, 68 elderly individuals, with a mean age 70.4±7.7 years, were evaluated. The subjects had a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 5.35±1.97. Most (64.7%) of the subjects had a clinical admission profile; the main reasons for hospitalization were cardiovascular disorders (22.1%), pneumonia (19.1%) and abdominal disorders (10.2%). The frequency of sarcopenia in the sample was 22.1%, and the mean length of time spent performing the Timed Up and Go test was 10.02±5.38 s. A time longer than or equal to a cutoff of 10.85 s on the Timed Up and Go test predicted sarcopenia with a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 88.7%. The accuracy of this cutoff for the Timed Up and Go test was good (0.80; IC=0.66-0.94; p=0.002). CONCLUSION: The Timed Up and Go test was shown to be a predictor of sarcopenia in elderly hospitalized patients