343 research outputs found
Treatment of landfill leachate: Removal of ammonia by struvite formation
This paper presents a study of ammoniacal nitrogen removal by chemical precipitation resulting in the formation of ammonium and magnesium phosphat (MgNH4PO4·6H2O), known as struvite, from the leachate in the Delta A landfill, located in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. After the addition of a magnesium source (MgCl2·6H2O), and phosphorus (Na2HPO4·12H2O), ammoniacal nitrogen was precipitated as highly insoluble salt. The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from the leachate exceeded 85% when the reaction was performed at an initial pH of 10.0. The highest efficiencies were achieved when the molar ratio between the ions involved in the reaction, i.e., Mg2+:PO43-:NH4+, was 1.2:1.0:1.0, respectively.Keywords: landfill, leachate, ammonia, nitrogen remova
Borage oil attenuates progression of cardiac remodeling in rats after myocardial infarction
Economic analysis of the intercropping of lettuce and tomato in different seasons under protected cultivation
Doses of Crotalaria juncea: Residual effect on zucchini and maize crop in sequence to broccoli
Mudanças no padrão epidemiológico da malária em área rural do médio Rio Negro, Amazônia brasileira: análise retrospectiva
Influence of different beverages on the force degradation of intermaxillary elastics: an in vitro study
A spatial approach for the epidemiology of antibiotic use and resistance in community-based studies: the emergence of urban clusters of Escherichia coli quinolone resistance in Sao Paulo, Brasil
Copyright © Kiffer et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background
Population antimicrobial use may influence resistance emergence. Resistance is an ecological phenomenon due to potential transmissibility. We investigated spatial and temporal patterns of ciprofloxacin (CIP) population consumption related to E. coli resistance emergence and dissemination in a major Brazilian city. A total of 4,372 urinary tract infection E. coli cases, with 723 CIP resistant, were identified in 2002 from two outpatient centres. Cases were address geocoded in a digital map. Raw CIP consumption data was transformed into usage density in DDDs by CIP selling points influence zones determination. A stochastic model coupled with a Geographical Information System was applied for relating resistance and usage density and for detecting city areas of high/low resistance risk.
Results
E. coli CIP resistant cluster emergence was detected and significantly related to usage density at a level of 5 to 9 CIP DDDs. There were clustered hot-spots and a significant global spatial variation in the residual resistance risk after allowing for usage density.
Conclusions
There were clustered hot-spots and a significant global spatial variation in the residual resistance risk after allowing for usage density. The usage density of 5-9 CIP DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants within the same influence zone was the resistance triggering level. This level led to E. coli resistance clustering, proving that individual resistance emergence and dissemination was affected by antimicrobial population consumption
Proteome from patients with metabolic syndrome is regulated by quantity and quality of dietary lipids
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a multi-component disorder associated to a high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Its etiology is the result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, including dietary
habits. We aimed to identify the target proteins modulated by the long-term consumption of four diets differing in
the quality and quantity of lipids in the whole proteome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Results: A randomized, controlled trial conducted within the LIPGENE study assigned 24 MetS patients for 12 weeks
each to 1 of 4 diets: a) high-saturated fatty acid (HSFA), b) high-monounsaturated fatty acid (HMUFA), c) low-fat,
high-complex carbohydrate diets supplemented with placebo (LFHCC) and d) low-fat, high-complex carbohydrate
diets supplemented with long chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (LFHCC n-3). We analyzed the
changes induced in the proteome of both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of PBMC using 2-D proteomic analysis.
Sixty-seven proteins were differentially expressed after the long-term consumption of the four diets. The HSFA diet
induced the expression of proteins responding to oxidative stress, degradation of ubiquitinated proteins and DNA
repair. However, HMUFA, LFHCC and LFHCC n-3 diets down-regulated pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress-related
proteins and DNA repairing proteins.
Conclusion: The long-term consumption of HSFA, compared to HMUFA, LFHCC and LFHCC n-3, seems to increase the
cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome, such as inflammation and oxidative stress,
and seem lead to DNA damage as a consequence of high oxidative stress
Body mass index is associated with reduced exhaled nitric oxide and higher exhaled 8-isoprostanes in asthmatics
BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been shown that increasing body mass index (BMI) in asthma is associated with reduced exhaled NO. Our objective in this study was to determine if the BMI-related changes in exhaled NO differ across asthmatics and controls, and to determine if these changes are related to increased airway oxidative stress and systemic levels of leptin and adiponectin. METHODS: Observational study of the association of BMI, leptin, and adiponectin with exhaled nitric oxide (NO) and exhaled 8-isoprostanes in 67 non-smoking patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma during baseline conditions and 47 controls. Measurements included plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, exhaled breath condensates for 8-isoprostanes, exhaled NO, pulmonary function tests, and questionnaires regarding asthma severity and control. RESULTS: In asthmatics, BMI and the ratio of leptin to adiponectin were respectively associated with reduced levels of exhaled NO (β = -0.04 [95% C.I. -0.07, -0.1], p < 0.003) and (β = -0.0018 [95% C.I. -0.003, -0.00034], p = 0.01) after adjusting for confounders. Also, BMI was associated with increased levels of exhaled 8-isoprostanes (β = 0.30 [95% C.I. 0.003, 0.6], p = 0.03) after adjusting for confounders. In contrast, we did not observe these associations in the control group of healthy non-asthmatics with a similar weight distribution. CONCLUSION: In adults with stable moderate to severe persistent asthma, but not in controls, BMI and the plasma ratio of leptin/adiponectin is associated with reduced exhaled NO. Also, BMI is associated with increased exhaled 8-isoprostanes. These results suggest that BMI in asthmatics may increase airway oxidative stress and could explain the BMI-related reductions in exhaled NO
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