Root caries analysis in working population of 35-44 years of age (Spain)

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of socio-demographic variables, toothbrushing frequency, frequency of snacking between meals, and tobacco and alcohol consumption, in root caries in the Spanish working population of Valencia and Murcia regions. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study of 458 workers 35-44 years of age, who underwent a routine work-related check-up, from June 2009 to April 2010, and were also examined, following the WHO methodology, by a calibrated dentist. Stratified random sampling. Participants fulfilled a questionnaire comprising demographic data, toothbrushing frequency, snacking frequency and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Results: The DFS index (root caries) in the employed population of 35-44 years was 0.45 ± 1.3, with a root caries prevalence of 18.6% and an active root caries prevalence of 13.5%. Higher root caries prevalence and active root caries prevalence were associated with male gender, manual occupations, foreign country of origin, lower levels of education and income, lower brushing frequency and higher frequency of snacking between meals. The DFS index was associated with all studied socio-demographic variables, but gender, and it was also associated with brushing frequency. The mean number of root decayed teeth was associated with all socio-demographic variables, but country of origin, and it was also associated with brushing frequency. Conclusions: Adult workers 35-44 years of age showed worse root condition in regard to caries than general population of this age cohort. In this study, the frequency of toothbrushing and snacking between meals were the variables that influenced more in root caries. Key words:Root caries, working population, epidemiological studies, toothbrushing, snacking

Influence of high cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic people on the duration and cost of sick leave: results of the ICARIA study

Aims We investigated the potential influence of a moderate-to-high cardiovascular (CV) risk (CVR) (defined as a Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation model, or SCORE ≥ 4%), in the absence of an established CV disease, on the duration and cost of CV and non-CV sick leave (SL) resulting from common and occupational accidents or diseases. Methods and results We conducted a prospective cohort study on 690 135 workers with a 1-year follow-up and examined CV- and non-CV-related SL episodes. To obtain baseline values, CVR factors were initially assessed at the beginning of the year during routine medical examination. The CVR was calculated with the SCORE charts for all subjects. Moderate-to-high CVR was defined as SCORE ≥ 4%. A baseline SCORE ≥ 4% was associated with a higher risk for long-term CV and non-CV SL, as revealed by follow-up assessment. This translated into an increased cost, estimated at €5 801 464.18 per year. Furthermore, pharmacological treatment for hypertension or hyperlipidaemia was significantly associated with longer SL duration. Conclusion Moderate-to-high CVR in asymptomatic subjects was significantly associated with the duration and cost of CV and non-CV SL. These results constitute the first body of evidence that the SCORE charts can be used to identify people with a non-established CV disease, which might ultimately translate into more lost workdays and therefore increased cost for societ

Prevalence of Tobacco Consumption Among Working Population after the Law 42/2010, Spain

Fundamentos: El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en analizar el impacto sobre el consumo de tabaco en población trabajadora de la Ley 42/2010 que modifica la normativa antitabaco en España. Métodos: Se obtuvieron datos de 413.473 reconocimientos médicos de Salud Laboral, realizados entre julio de 2009 y junio de 2011, en la Sociedad de Prevención de una Mutua de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales de la Seguridad Social. Se analizó la evolución semestral del porcentaje de fumadores y la magnitud del consumo de tabaco en el total de reconocimientos, segmentando por sexo, edad, nivel ocupacional (trabajos manuales vs. no manuales) y en el subgrupo específico de camareros, bármanes y asimilados (test de chi2) Resultados: En el total de reconocimientos, el porcentaje de fumadores descendió un 5% (del 40,3% al 35,3%) a lo largo del periodo de estudio (p<0,001) y el grupo de fumadores con menor consumo diario (≤10 cigarrillos) se convirtió en el más frecuente (p<0,001). En el grupo de camareros, bármanes y asimilados las diferencias en el porcentaje semestral de fumadores no alcanzaron significación estadística (p=0,07). En este grupo, los fumadores de ≤10 cigarrillos/día también se convirtieron en el grupo de consumo más frecuente (pasando del 40,5% al 48,8%) y el porcentaje de fumadores de 21-40 cigarrillos/día disminuyó del 10,6% al 4% (p=0,008). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la nueva normativa se ha acompañado de una importante reducción del tabaquismo entre la población trabajadora española y respaldan fuertemente las medidas de lucha contra el tabaco de alcance poblacional.Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact on tobacco consumption among working population of the Law 42/2010, which amends smoking regulations in Spain. Methods: Data were obtained from 413,473 Occupational Health check-ups, conducted between July of 2009 and June of 2011, in the Society for Prevention of a Mutual Insurance Company. We analyzed changes in the biannual percentage of smokers and the magnitude of tobacco consumption among smokers in the overall set of medical check-ups, by gender, age, occupational level (manual vs. non-manual workers), and in the specific occupational subgroup of waiters, barmen and similar workers (chi-square test). Results: In the overall set of medical check-ups, the percentage of smokers decreased by 5% (from 40.3% to 35.3%) over the period of study (p <0.001) and the group of smokers with lower daily consumption (≤10 cigarettes) became the most frequent (p <0.001). In the group of waiters, barmen and similar workers the differences in the biannual percentage of smokers did not reach statistical significance (p =0.07). In this group, smokers of ≤10 cigarretes/ day also became the most common consumption group (increasing from 40.5% to 48.8%) and the percentage of 21-40 cigarretes/day decreased from 10.6% to 4% (p =0.008). Conclusions: These results suggest that the new regulation has been accompanied by a significant reduction in smoking among Spanish workers and strongly support population-level measures against tobacco consumption.S

Additive effects of LPL, APOA5 and APOE variant combinations on triglyceride levels and hypertriglyceridemia: results of the ICARIA genetic sub-study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a well-established independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the influence of several genetic variants in genes related with triglyceride (TG) metabolism has been described, including <it>LPL</it>, <it>APOA5 </it>and <it>APOE</it>. The combined analysis of these polymorphisms could produce clinically meaningful complementary information.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A subgroup of the ICARIA study comprising 1825 Spanish subjects (80% men, mean age 36 years) was genotyped for the <it>LPL</it>-HindIII (rs320), S447X (rs328), D9N (rs1801177) and N291S (rs268) polymorphisms, the <it>APOA5</it>-S19W (rs3135506) and -1131T/C (rs662799) variants, and the <it>APOE </it>polymorphism (rs429358; rs7412) using PCR and restriction analysis and TaqMan assays. We used regression analyses to examine their combined effects on TG levels (with the log-transformed variable) and the association of variant combinations with TG levels and hypertriglyceridemia (TG ≥ 1.69 mmol/L), including the covariates: gender, age, waist circumference, blood glucose, blood pressure, smoking and alcohol consumption.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found a significant lowering effect of the <it>LPL</it>-HindIII and S447X polymorphisms (<it>p </it>< 0.0001). In addition, the D9N, N291S, S19W and -1131T/C variants and the <it>APOE</it>-ε4 allele were significantly associated with an independent additive TG-raising effect (<it>p </it>< 0.05, <it>p </it>< 0.01, <it>p </it>< 0.001, <it>p </it>< 0.0001 and <it>p </it>< 0.001, respectively). Grouping individuals according to the presence of TG-lowering or TG-raising polymorphisms showed significant differences in TG levels (<it>p </it>< 0.0001), with the lowest levels exhibited by carriers of two lowering variants (10.2% reduction in TG geometric mean with respect to individuals who were homozygous for the frequent alleles of all the variants), and the highest levels in carriers of raising combinations (25.1% mean TG increase). Thus, carrying two lowering variants was protective against HTG (OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.98; <it>p </it>= 0.042) and having one single raising polymorphism (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.39-2.87; <it>p </it>< 0.001) or more (2 or 3 raising variants; OR = 2.90; 95% CI, 1.56-5.41; <it>p </it>< 0.001) were associated with HTG.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results showed a significant independent additive effect on TG levels of the <it>LPL </it>polymorphisms HindIII, S447X, D9N and N291S; the S19W and -1131T/C variants of <it>APOA5</it>, and the ε4 allele of <it>APOE </it>in our study population. Moreover, some of the variant combinations studied were significantly associated with the absence or the presence of hypertriglyceridemia.</p

Concentraciones de PCBs en suero de la población adulta española

Este proyecto ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino, y por el Instituto de Salud Carlos III, mediante los proyectos EG042007 y SEG 1251/07

Trends in work-related eye injuries in Spanish Autonomous Communities during 2008-2018

Objetivos: Analizar las diferencias en la evolución de las lesiones oculares en el trabajo entre las comunidades autónomas en España.Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y longitudinal de los acciden-tes laborales y las enfermedades profesionales de una Mutua Colaboradora de la Seguridad Social entre las diferentes comunidades autónomas españolas en el intervalo de tiempo de 2008-2018. Se analizaron aquellos accidentes que provocaron lesión en alguna estructura ocular, comparándose la incidencia por cada 100 000 asegurados y el riesgo relativo (RR) de sufrir una lesión ocular en el trabajo.Resultados: Se observó una disminución en la evolución de la incidencia de lesiones ocu-lares en el trabajo en todas las comunidades, aunque con dos periodos diferenciados. El porcentaje de cambio anual disminuye en todas las comunidades hasta el 2013, pero entre 2013-2018 esta tendencia sólo se mantiene en Asturias, Castilla-La Mancha, Islas Cana-rias, Madrid, Murcia y Navarra. Castilla- La Mancha fue la comunidad autónoma con mayor incidencia (886.56/100 000) y riesgo relativo de sufrir una lesión ocular (RR 2.66; IC 95% 2.58 – 2.75), mientras Cataluña presentó la menor incidencia (82.25) y riesgo relativo (RR 0.25; IC 95 % 0.22 – 0.28).Conclusiones: Durante el periodo 2008-2018 se produce una disminución en la incidencia de lesiones oculares en el trabajo en todas las comunidades autónomas con un cambio de tendencia a partir del año 2013.Objectives: To analyze the differences in work-related eye injury trends among the different Autonomous Communities in Spain. Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study based on a Social Security-affiliated mutual insurance company work injury and illness database for the period 2008-2018 that included all Spanish Autonomous Communities. Accidents that caused an injury to any ocular structure were analysed, and both the incidence of work-related eye-injuries per 100 000 insured workers and the relative risk of suffering an eye injury were compared. Results: We observed a general decrease in work-related eye injuries in all of the communities, although with two distinct time periods. The annual percentage change decrease occurred in all communities until 2013. From 2013 to 2018, however, this decreasing trend was only observed in Asturias, Castilla-La Mancha, Canary Islands, Madrid, Murcia and Navarra. Castilla-La Mancha was the Autonomous Community with the highest incidence (886.56/100.000), as well as the highest relative risk of suffering an eye injury (RR 2.66; IC 95% 2.58 – 2.75). At the other end, the lowest incidence (82.25/100.000) and RR (RR 0.247; IC 95 % 0.22 – 0.28) were observed in Catalonia. Conclusions: We observed a statistically significance decrease in the incidence and relative risk of work-related eye injuries in all Autonomous Communities over the study period, although this trend changed from 2013 onward.Sin financiaciónNo data JCR 20210.116 Q4 SJR 2021No data IDR 2021UE

Effectiveness of a preventive intervention strategy based on structured telephone interviews in a working population with a moderate to high cardiovascular risk

English Abstract; Journal Article;OBJECTIVE This study assesses the effectiveness of a structured telephone survey on cardiovascular prevention, in modifying lifestyle, on cardiovascular risk parameters, percentage of smoking cessation and overall cardiovascular risk (CVR). DESIGN Quasi-experimental study of preventive intervention. SETTING Ibermutuamur (Spanish Accident and Health Insurance Company). Centres established throughout Spain. PARTICIPANTS A total of 4,792 workers with moderate/high cardiovascular risk who had agreed to be contacted by phone. Subjects with a previous diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and those receiving treatment for hypertension, hypercholesterolemia or diabetes were excluded. INTERVENTION A final total of 3,085 workers were contacted and were followed up by telephone surveys on the first, fourth and eighth month after the initial check up (CU) in order to emphasise cardiovascular health advice (Group A); we failed to contact 1,707 workers, who only attended the baseline and one year CUs (Group B). PRINCIPAL OUTCOMES: CUs included medical records and physical examination, with two blood pressure measurements, Body Mass Index (BMI), and biochemical parameters. Cardiovascular risk was stratified following the European cardiovascular SCORE. Individuals with a relative risk higher than 4 were also considered as high-risk. All workers were informed about their cardiovascular risk profile (CVRF) and healthy cardiovascular lifestyle measures. They were also given a letter for their General Practitioner (GP) to inform them on the worker's cardiovascular risk level. RESULTS A total of 71.5% of the workers were over 45 years, 95.0% males, 76.6% manual workers ("Blue Collar") and 69.7% smokers. Both groups showed improvement in lipid parameters, blood pressure, smoking cessation and overall cardiovascular risk in the second CU. There were significant differences in favour of Group A as regards blood pressure, lipids (except HDL cholesterol), BMI, glycaemia, smoking cessation (A: 23.5%/B: 19.44%, P=0.001) and CVR stratum improvement (A: 46.6%/B: 37.7%, P=0.0001). The large majority (85%) of workers read preventive recommendations; 33% knew their risk level and 73% knew their CVRF. 52.9% gave the letter to the GP, which led them to start therapies on diet (47%), hypertension (19.5%), dyslipidaemia (16.7%), diabetes (4.4%) and smoking (2.9%) and no changes were made in 36.5% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggests that cardiovascular prevention strategy based on structured telephone surveys on high/moderate CVR subjects to promote lifestyle changes could be effective at reducing CVR. A clinical trial is required for confirmation. Sending information on CVRF following routine medial CUs and Primary Care involvement, could contribute to the positive changes observed.YesObjetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia de intervención preventiva sobre el estilo de vida, basada en entrevistas telefónicas. Diseño: Estudio de intervención cuasiexperimental. Emplazamiento: Servicio de Prevención de Ibermutuamur (Mutua de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales de la Seguridad Social). Participantes: 4.792 trabajadores con nivel de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) moderado/alto en el reconocimiento médico laboral (RML) que otorgaron su consentimiento. Se excluyeron los sujetos con antecedentes de enfermedad cardiovascular o que recibían tratamiento antihipertensivo, hipolipemiante o antidiabético. Intervención: Se pudo contactar telefónicamente con 3.085 trabajadores, a los que se realizó seguimiento en los meses primero, cuarto y octavo tras el RML, enfatizando recomendaciones cardiosaludables. Al resto de trabajadores (n=1.707), solo se les realizó el RML inicial y final. Mediciones principales: El RCV se estimó según el modelo SCORE europeo. Todos los sujetos recibieron un informe, una carta dirigida a su médico de atención primaria con los factores de RCV detectados, su nivel de riesgo y recomendaciones sobre modificación del estilo de vida. Resultados: El 71,5% de los trabajadores eran mayores de 45 años, el 95,0% varones, el 76,6% trabajadores manuales y el 69,7% fumadores. Ambos grupos mostraron mejoría en los parámetros lipídicos, presión arterial, abandono del hábito tabáquico y RCV global en el segundo RML. El grupo A presentó una mayor mejoría en la presión arterial, lípidos (excepto colesterol-HDL), índice de masa corporal, glucemia, abandono del hábito tabáquico (23,5% vs 19,4%, p=0,001) y en el estrato de riesgo (46,6% vs 37,7%, p=0,0001). Un 52,9% de los trabajadores declaró haber llevado la carta informativa a su médico de Atención Primaria, que aconsejó modificar la dieta (47%), o añadir tratamiento antihipertensivo (19,5%), hipolipemiante (16,7%), antidiabético (4,4%) y antitabaco (2,9%). Conclusiones: La estrategia de intervención sobre el estilo de vida, basada en entrevistas telefónicas, en trabajadores de RCV moderado-alto, puede ser efectiva. El envío de información preventiva y la participación de Atención Primaria pueden contribuir, per se, a los cambios positivos observados

Description of the epidemiological characteristics of work-related eye injuries in Spain: A retrospective study

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of work-related eye injuries (WREIs) in Spain over a 10-year period by sex, age and occupational sector. Design and settings A descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study based on data from workers insured by a labour insurance company in Spain from 2008 to 2018 was presented. The study considered the ratio of the number of WREI per 100 000 population and the relative risk of suffering an ocular injury. WREIs were characterised by sex, age and occupational sector of injured workers. Primary and secondary outcome measures Ratio of the number of WREI. Participants In Spain, all workers are insured by a labour insurance company that provides cover in the event of work-related accidents. In this study, we have included all workers insured by one of these insurance companies, IBERMUTUA, with workers in all areas of Spain. Results The study included 50 265 WREI in the company over the 10-year period. Most of the injuries occurred in males (44 445; 88.4%), in 35–44 age group (15 992; 31.8%) and in industry workers (18 899; 42.6%). The average incidence was 429.75 per 100 000 workers insured and 4273.36 per 100 000 IBERMUTUA accidents (related and not related to eyes). Males, 16–24 age group and industry occupational sector group, have the highest incidence for WREI. The incidence of WREI decrease over the study period in all variables. Males have 6.56 (95% CI 6.38 to 6.75) times more risk of suffering WREI than females. 16–24 age group have 1.77 (95% CI 1.71 to 1.83) times more risk than in the group of workers older than 55. Finally, industry workers have 7.73 (95% CI 7.55 to 7.92) times more risk than services workers. Conclusions The risks of suffering WREI is higher for males, younger and less experienced workers, and for those who works in a manual task.Sin financiación2.692 JCR (2020) Q2, 64/167 Medicine, General & Internal1.132 SJR (2020) Q1, 446/2447 Medicine (miscellaneous)No data IDR 2020UE