Caracterización genética de las razas Hartón del Valle, Angus, Brangus, Holstein y Senepol en Colombia, usando 10 marcadores microsatélites

ABSTRACT: The objective of this paper is to establish a genetic characterization of the Senepol (S, n=49), Holstein (H, n= 60), Hartón del Valle (HV, n=60), Angus (A, n=61) and Brangus (Br, n=60) cattle breeds in Colombia, by using the following microsatellite markers: SPS115, INRA64, ETH225, ETH10, BM1824, INRA37, TGLA122, TGLA126, INRA32, and BM2113. A total of 142 alleles were obtained for ten analyzed loci, considering the five cattle breeds as a whole. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 9 (INRA64 and 1824) to 22 (TGLA122). The expected heterozygosity was between 0.79 (INRA32) and 0.90 (INRA37) in all the cattle breeds, respectively; and medium heterozygosity was 0.84. The average number of alleles per breed varied from 9.2 in the Senepol breed to 10.3 in the Holstein breed. The expected heterozygosity range varied from 0.75 in the Hartón del Valle breed and 0.82 in the Holstein breed, with an average of 0.79. Hardy Wienberg disequilibrium was observed (p>0.05) when the populations were analyzed with all the markers. All the populations presented a heterozygote deficit, which could be the result of a strong endogamy tendency within all the herds. The markers used in this study allowed a genetic characterization of the analyzed populations. The microsatellites panel in the Hartón del Valle breed should be increased in order to increase the reliability value. Microsatellite panels could solve parenthood cases for the remainder breeds.RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar genéticamente las razas bovinas Senepol (S, n=49), Holstein (H, n= 60), Hartón del Valle (HV, n=60), Angus (A, n=61) y Brangus (Br, n=60) en Colombia, con los marcadores microsatélites SPS115, INRA64, ETH225, ETH10, BM1824, INRA37, TGLA122, TGLA126, INRA32 y BM2113. En total, 142 alelos fueron encontrados en los diez loci analizados, considerando las cinco razas como un todo. El número de alelos por locus estuvo entre 9 (INRA64 y BM1824) y 22 (TGLA122). La Heterocigosidad esperada a través de todas las razas varió entre 0.79 (INRA32) y 0,90 (INRA37) y heterocigosidad media esperada de 0.84. El número promedio de alelos por raza varió de 9.2 en la raza S a 10.3 en la raza H. El rango de la Heterocigosidad esperada entre las razas varió entre 0.75 en la raza HV y 0.82 en la raza H, con una media de 0.79. Al analizar las poblaciones con el total de marcadores, todas se encontraron en desequilibrio de Hardy Weinberg (p>0.05). Todas las poblaciones presentaron un déficit de heterocigotos, para todas las poblaciones, lo que podría ser el resultado de la fuerte tendencia a la endogamia dentro de los diferentes hatos. Los resultados indicaron que los marcadores utilizados en este estudio permitieron caracterizar genéticamente las poblaciones analizadas. En el caso de la Raza HV, se debe aumentar el panel de microsatélites para aumentar el valor de confiabilidad. Para las demás razas el panel de microsatélites permitiría resolver casos de filiación

Production of small peptides and low molecular weight amino acids by subcritical water from fish meal: Effect of pressurization agent and temperature

Trabajo presentado en: 19th European meeting on Supercritical Fluids (EMSF 2023), organized by the International Society for the Advancement of Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, 21-24 may, 2023Fish meal is a by-product obtained in the marine food industry that is actually used in aquaculture and pet-food industry. It presents a high protein content as well as a valuable lipid fraction composition. The protein fraction from marine origin has a high nutritional value and a great amino acid profile. In order to improve the use of this by-product, more sustainable forms of exploiting it must be considered and the products obtained more useful.This work was supported by the AEI [grant numbers PID2019-104950RB-I00, PID2020-116716RJ-I00, TED2021-129311B-I00, PDC2022-133443-I00] and the JCyL and the ERDF [grant number BU050P20]. P. Barea predoctoral contract was funded by JCyL and the European Social Fund (ESF) by ORDEN EDU/1868/2022, de 19 de diciembre. P. Alonso-Riaño predoctoral contract was funded by JCyL and the European Social Fund (ESF) by ORDEN EDU/556/2019, de 5 de junio. R. Melgosa contract was funded by a Beatriz Galindo Research Fellowship [BG20/00182]. A. Bermejo López acknowledges the Margarita Salas grant (MARSA22/03)

High consumption of ultra-processed foods is associated with increased risk of micronutrient inadequacy in children: The SENDO project

Due to its rising prevalence, which parallels that of ultraprocessed food (UPF) consumption, inadequate micronutrient intake in childhood is a public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and inadequate intake of 20 micronutrients in a sample of children from the Mediterranean area. Cross-sectional information from participants in the “Seguimiento del Niño para un Desarrollo Óptimo” (SENDO) project 2015–2021 was used. Dietary information was gathered with a previously validated 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and the NOVA system was used to classify food items. Children were classifed by tertiles of energy intake from UPF. Twenty micronutrients were evaluated, and inadequate intake was defned using the estimated average requirement as a cutof. Crude and multivariable adjusted OR (95% CI) for the inadequacy of≥3 micronutrients associated with UPF consumption were calculated ftting hierarchical models to take into account intra-cluster correlation between siblings. Analyses were adjusted for individual and family confounders. This study included 806 participants (51% boys) with a mean age of 5 years old (SD: 0.90) and an average energy intake from UPF of 37.64% (SD: 9.59). An inverse association between UPF consumption and the intake of 15 out of the 20 micronutrients evaluated was found (p<0.01). After the adjustment for individual and family confounders, compared with children in the frst tertile of UPF consumption, those in the third tertile showed higher odds of inadequate intake of≥3 micronutrients (OR 2.57; 95%CI [1.51–4.40]). Conclusion: High UPF consumption is associated with increased odds of inadequate intake of micronutrients in childhood

Lactic acid production from biomass-derived sugars using acid or base catalysts

Póster presentado en: 19th European meeting on Supercritical Fluids (EMSF 2023), organized by the International Society for the Advancement of Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, 21-24 may, 2023Lactic acid can be produced from biomass-derived sugars, both with basic and acid catalysts, and is a stable system, as no degradation of the produced lactic acid is observed over timeThis work was supported by AEI [PID2019-104950RB-I00, PID2020-116716RJ-I00, TED2021-129311B-I00, PDC2022-133443-I00] and JCyL-ERDF [BU050P20]. ABL wants to acknowledge the Margarita Salas grant [MARSA22/03], PAR to JCyL and ESF [ORDEN EDU/556/2019] and RM the Beatriz Galindo Research Fellowship [BG20/00182]

Effect of topical berberine in murine cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions

Objectives: More effective topical treatments remain an unmet need for the localized forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a topical berberine cream in BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major parasites. Methods: A cream containing 0.5% berberine-β-glycerophosphate salt and 2.5% menthol was prepared. Its physicochemical and stability properties were determined. The cream was evaluated for its capacity to reduce lesion size and parasitic load as well as to promote wound healing after twice-a-day administration for 35 days. Clinical biochemical profile was used for estimating off-target effects. In vitro time-to-kill curves in L. major-infected macrophages and skin and plasma pharmacokinetics were determined, aiming to establish pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships. Results: The cream was stable at 40°C for 3 months and at 4°C for at least 8 months. It was able to halt lesion progression in all treated mice. At the end of treatment, parasite load in the skin was reduced by 99.9% (4 log) and genes involved in the wound healing process were up-regulated compared with untreated mice. The observed effects were higher than expected from in vitro time-to-kill kinetic and plasma berberine concentrations, which ranged between 0.07 and 0.22 μM. Conclusions: The twice-a-day administration of a topical berberine cream was safe, able to stop parasite progression and improved the appearance of skin CL lesions. The relationship between drug plasma levels and in vivo effect was unclear

Assessing the risk of cardiovascular events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors

Funding Information: This article is part of the CLARIFY project, supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement number 875160. Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Torrente, Blanco, Franco, Garitaonaindia, Calvo, Collazo-Lorduy, Gutiérrez, Sánchez, González-del-Alba, Hernández, Méndez, Cantos, Núñez, Sousa and Provencio.Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, despite their excellent therapeutic effect, these medications typically result in a broad spectrum of toxicity reactions. Immune-related cardiotoxicity is uncommon but can be potentially fatal, and its true incidence is underestimated in clinical trials. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence and identify risk factors for developing a cardiac event in patients treated with ICIs. Methods: We conducted a single-institution retrospective study, including patients treated with ICIs in our center. The main outcomes were cardiac events (CE) and cardiovascular death. Results: A total of 378 patients were analyzed. The incidence of CE was 16.7%, during a median follow-up of 50.5 months. The multivariable analysis showed that age, a history of arrhythmia or ischemic heart disease, and prior immune-related adverse events were significantly associated with CE. Conclusion: CE during ICI treatment are more common than currently appreciated. A complete initial cardiovascular evaluation is recommended, especially in high-risk patients, being necessary a multidisciplinary approach of a specialized cardio-oncology team.publishersversionpublishe

A randomized phase II trial of platinum salts in basal-like breast cancer patients in the neoadjuvant setting. Results from the GEICAM/2006-03, multicenter study

Este artículo ha sido publicado en Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Siguiendo las instruciones y dado que la revista dice que el artículo fue publicado tal cual se envió, hacemos un postprint copiando dicho texto enviado por la revista en un documento Word y luego convertido a PDF para así respetar el contenido, y sin dar acceso a los "extras" de la versión publicada. Esta versión tiene Licencia Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-NDAbstract Chemotherapy remains as the only systemic treatment option available for basal-like breast cancer (BC) patients. Preclinical models and several phase II studies suggested that platinum salts are active drugs in this BC subtype though there is no randomized study supporting this hypothesis. This study investigates if the addition of carboplatin to a combination of an alkylating agent together with anthracyclines and taxanes is able to increase the efficacy in the neoadjuvant treatment context. Patients with operable breast cancer and immunophenotypically defined basal-like disease (ER-/PR-/HER2- and cytokeratin 5/6? or EGFR?) were recruited. Patients were randomized to receive EC (epirubicin 90 mg/m2 plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 for 4 cycles) followed either by D (docetaxel 100 mg/m2 9 4 cycles; EC–D) or DCb (docetaxel 75 mg/ m2 plus carboplatin AUC 6 9 4 cycles; EC–DCb). The primary end point was pathological complete response (pCR) in the breast following the Miller and Payne criteria. Ninety-four patients were randomized (46 EC–D, 48 EC– DCb). pCR rate in the breast was seen in 16 patients (35 %) with EC–D and 14 patients (30 %) with EC–DCb (P value = 0.61). pCR in the breast and axilla was seen in 30 % of patients in both arms. The overall clinical response rate was 70 % (95 % CI 56–83) in the EC–D arm and 77 % (95 % CI 65–87) in the EC–DCb arm. Grade 3/4 toxicity was similar in both arms. The addition of carboplatin to conventional chemotherapy with EC–D in basal-like breast cancer patients did not improve the efficacy probably because they had already received an alkylating agent. These findings should be taken into consideration when developing new agents for this disease.This trial was partially supported by Pfizer S.L.U

Clinical validation of the EndoPredict test in node-positive, chemotherapy-treated ER+/HER2− breast cancer patients: results from the GEICAM 9906 trial

INTRODUCTION: EndoPredict (EP) is an RNA-based multigene test that predicts the likelihood of distant recurrence in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC) who are being treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy. Herein we report the prospective-retrospective clinical validation of EP in the node-positive, chemotherapy-treated, ER+/HER2− BC patients in the GEICAM 9906 trial. METHODS: The patients (N = 1,246) were treated either with six cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC) or with four cycles of FEC followed by eight weekly courses of paclitaxel (FEC-P), as well as with endocrine therapy if they had hormone receptor–positive disease. The patients were assigned to EP risk categories (low or high) according to prespecified cutoff levels. The primary endpoint in the clinical validation of EP was distant metastasis-free survival (MFS). Metastasis rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression. RESULTS: The molecular EP score and the combined molecular and clinical EPclin score were successfully determined in 555 ER+/HER2− tumors from the 800 available samples in the GEICAM 9906 trial. On the basis of the EP, 25% of patients (n = 141) were classified as low risk. MFS was 93% in the low-risk group and 70% in the high-risk group (absolute risk reduction = 23%, hazard ratio (HR) = 4.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5 to 9.5; P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that, in this ER+/HER2− cohort, EP results are an independent prognostic parameter after adjustment for age, grade, lymph node status, tumor size, treatment arm, ER and progesterone receptor (PR) status and proliferation index (Ki67). Using the predefined EPclin score, 13% of patients (n = 74) were assigned to the low-risk group, who had excellent outcomes and no distant recurrence events (absolute risk reduction vs high-risk group = 28%; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, EP was prognostic in premenopausal patients (HR = 6.7, 95% CI = 2.4 to 18.3; P = 0.0002) and postmenopausal patients (HR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3 to 8.5; P = 0.0109). There were no statistically significant differences in MFS between treatment arms (FEC vs FEC-P) in either the high- or low-risk groups. The interaction test results between the chemotherapy arm and the EP score were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: EP is an independent prognostic parameter in node-positive, ER+/HER2− BC patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy followed by hormone therapy. EP did not predict a greater efficacy of FEC-P compared to FEC alone

Glial and neuronal markers in cerebrospinal fluid in different types of multiple sclerosis

In the present study, CSF concentrations of NFL, t-tau, p-tau, GFAP, S-100B, YKL-40, MCP-1, α-sAPP, β-sAPP, and Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42 were measured in 324 MS patients to test whether a correlation among the biomarkers exists and whether the profile of CSF biomarkers varies among the different types of MS. The CSF concentrations of NFL were significantly higher in RRMS while CSF concentrations of GFAP were higher in PPMS. CSF concentrations of NFL correlated with YKL-40 in CIS patients while CSF concentrations of GFAP correlated with YKL-40 in RRMS patients

Skin vaccination using microneedles coated with a plasmid DNA cocktail encoding nucleosomal histones of Leishmania spp.

Vaccine delivery using microneedles (MNs) represents a safe, easily disposable and painless alternative to traditional needle immunizations. The MN delivery of DNA vaccines to the dermis may result in a superior immune response and/or an equivalent immune response at a lower vaccine dose (dose-sparing). This could be of special interest for immunization programs against neglected tropical diseases such as leishmaniasis. In this work, we loaded a MN device with 60 μg of a plasmid DNA cocktail encoding the Leishmania infantum nucleosomal histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 and compared its immunogenicity and protective capacity against conventional s.c. or i.d. injection of the plasmid. Mice immunized with MNs showed increased ratios of IFN-γ/IL-10, IFN-γ/IL-13, IFN-γ/IL-4, and IFN-γ/TGF-β in the spleens and lymph nodes compared with mice immunized by s.c. and i.d. routes. Furthermore, CCXCL9, CXCL10 and CCL2 levels were also higher. These data suggest that the nucleic acid immunization using MNs produced a better bias towards a Th1 response. However, none of the immunizations strategies were able to control Leishmania major infection in BALB/c mice, as illustrated by an increase in lesion size and parasite burden