Characterization of Fuji Apples from Different Harvest Dates and Storage Conditions from Measurements of Volatiles by Gas Chromatography and Electronic Nose

Volatile compounds in Fuji apples harvested at two different maturities were measured at harvest and after 5 and 7 months of cold storage (1 °C) in four different atmospheres. When the samples were characterized by both chromatographic measurements of volatiles and responses of an electronic nose, the analyses showed a clear separation between fruits from different storage conditions (a normal cold atmosphere and three controlled atmospheres). During poststorage, the apples were left to ripen for 1, 5, and 10 days at 20 °C before analytical measurements were done involving headspace-gas chromatography methods and electronic nose type quartz crystal microbalances. Electronic nose responses registered by seven different sensors were used to classify the apples using principal component analysis. It was possible to identify the samples from different storage periods, days of shelf life, and harvest dates, but it was not possible to differentiate the fruits corresponding to different cold storage atmospheres

EpIG‐DB: A database of vascular epiphyte assemblages in the Neotropics

Vascular epiphytes are a diverse and conspicuous component of biodiversity in tropical and subtropical forests. Yet, the patterns and drivers of epiphyte assemblages are poorly studied in comparison with soil‐rooted plants. Current knowledge about diversity patterns of epiphytes mainly stems from local studies or floristic inventories, but this information has not yet been integrated to allow a better understanding of large‐scale distribution patterns. EpIG‐DB, the first database on epiphyte assemblages at the continental scale, resulted from an exhaustive compilation of published and unpublished inventory data from the Neotropics. The current version of EpIG‐DB consists of 463,196 individual epiphytes from 3,005 species, which were collected from a total of 18,148 relevés (host trees and ‘understory’ plots). EpIG‐DB reports the occurrence of ‘true’ epiphytes, hemiepiphytes and nomadic vines, including information on their cover, abundance, frequency and biomass. Most records (97%) correspond to sampled host trees, 76% of them aggregated in forest plots. The data is stored in a TURBOVEG database using the most up‐to‐date checklist of vascular epiphytes. A total of 18 additional fields were created for the standardization of associated data commonly used in epiphyte ecology (e.g. by considering different sampling methods). EpIG‐DB currently covers six major biomes across the whole latitudinal range of epiphytes in the Neotropics but welcomes data globally. This novel database provides, for the first time, unique biodiversity data on epiphytes for the Neotropics and unified guidelines for future collection of epiphyte data. EpIG‐DB will allow exploration of new ways to study the community ecology and biogeography of vascular epiphytes

Fenômeno de Marcus Gunn: diagnóstico diferencial das ptoses palpebrais na criança Marcus Gunn Phenomenon: differential diagnosis of palpebral ptoses in children

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve por objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica, relatar e discutir o caso clínico de um paciente com fenômeno de Marcus Gunn. DESCRIÇÃO: Criança de 5 anos de idade, sexo feminino, hígida. Nos primeiros meses de vida, em consulta de puericultura, foi detectada alteração no olho direito, que, a princípio, parecia tratar-se de estrabismo. Após consultas com vários oftalmologistas, não se alcançou um diagnóstico preciso. Já aos 4 anos de idade, após exame realizado por oftalmologista pediátrico, confirmou-se o diagnóstico do fenômeno de Marcus Gunn. O restante do exame físico, incluindo exame neurológico, estava normal. Por se tratar de ptose palpebral leve, sem outras patologias associadas, optou-se por uma conduta conservadora. COMENTÁRIOS: Este relato visa alertar os pediatras com relação ao fenômeno de Marcus Gunn, que ainda é pouco conhecido. A partir deste conhecimento, o pediatra poderá identificar o fenômeno, possibilitando o encaminhamento precoce para a abordagem de complicações ou condições associadas, além de diagnóstico diferencial com outros tipos de ptose palpebral.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to review existing literature on the subject and to report on and discuss a case of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon. DESCRIPTION: A five year-old female, otherwise a healthy patient, while still a few months old, was seen by a pediatrician who detected a disorder of the right eye, initially believed to be strabismus, at a follow-up childcare consultation. Several ophthalmologists failed to establish a precise diagnosis. After a pediatric ophthalmologist had examined the child at four years of age, a diagnosis of Marcus Gunn Phenomenon, otherwise known as jaw-winking phenomenon, was confirmed. Apart from this anomaly, physical, ophthalmological, and neurological examinations were normal. Since ptosis was mild and no association with strabismus, amblyopia or other conditions was established, no surgical procedures were necessary until now. COMMENTS: This report is an alert to pediatricians regarding the presence of this largely unknown phenomenon, making it possible for pediatricians to identify the phenomenon, refer the patient to an ophthalmologist, and establish differential diagnosis from other, more severe forms of ptosis, requiring more aggressive treatment

The Effects of Exposure Time on the Surface Microhardness of Three Dual-Cured Dental Resin Cements

This study evaluated the exposure time of light-curing of the polymers used for cementation on microhardness test in different storage times. The polymers (specifically called resin cements) were RelyX ARC, RelyX U100, and SET. Five specimens of each group were prepared and photo-polymerized with exposure times of 20 s and 180 s, using a LED polymerization unit with wavelength of 440 ~ 480 nm and light output was consistently 1,500 mW/cm². The Vickers hardness test was performed in a MMT-3 Microhardness Tester. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The values of RelyX ARC showed statistically significant difference to groups with light exposure when considering only chemical cure (p < 0.05). The groups with light exposure (20 s and 180 s) showed no significant difference between them (p > 0.05). The RelyX U100 cured only chemically showed statistically significant difference between 48 h and 7 days (p < 0.05). The SET resin cement showed no significant difference to groups without light exposure for all storage times (p > 0.05). The values of hardening of the dual-cured resin cements improved after setting by light and chemical activation demonstrating the importance of light curing