Indicador de desempenho global das distribuidoras de energia elétrica

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Mestrado Profissional em Regulamentação e Gestão de Negócios, 2013.A prestação do serviço adequado de distribuição de energia elétrica pressupõe a satisfação dos princípios da regularidade, continuidade, eficiência, segurança, atualidade, generalidade, cortesia e modicidade. A prestação inadequada do serviço, nos termos da Lei das Concessões e contratos de concessões, é motivo suficiente para aplicação de penalidades administrativas, intervenção, caducidade e justifica a não prorrogação de contratos vencidos, se houver esta possibilidade. A regulação econômica e técnica realizada pela ANEEL mostra resultados diferentes, a depender do aspecto de análise do serviço. Verifica-se estabilidade nos principais indicadores de qualidade, incremento de eficiência operacional para as distribuidoras de controle privado e perda de eficiência para as estatais. O volume de investimentos é definido pelas distribuidoras de acordo com as necessidades da rede elétrica, ainda que haja a obrigação de universalização do serviço, o qual ocorreu dentro do previsto pelo poder público para a maioria das concessionárias. Esta dissertação constrói alguns indicadores parciais de desempenho e o Indicador de Desempenho Global. O Indicador de Desempenho Global facilita a leitura dos dados e a tomada de decisões políticas e regulatórias, ao atribuir uma nota para cada distribuidora, agregando o desempenho observado nos indicadores de: i) eficiência, que inclui a modicidade; ii) qualidade (cortesia e continuidade); iii) atualidade e generalidade; e iv) regularidade. Para cada indicador foram levantados dados regulatórios e reais e, ao final, testados diferentes métodos estatísticos de normalização e ponderação. Os resultados apontam para forte estabilidade no ranking de desempenho global, principalmente para as quatro melhores e nove piores distribuidoras, quando realizados os testes de incerteza e sensibilidade. Recomenda-se a não prorrogação do contrato de nove distribuidoras, prorrogação com condicionalidades para vinte e três e prorrogação sem condicionalidades para vinte e nove. Recomendam-se também novas rodadas de desestatização no setor, tendo em vista que as estatais dominam as últimas posições nos rankings de desempenho calculados sob diferentes métodos. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe supplying of an appropriate electricity distribution service presumes the fulfillment of the following principles: regularity, continuity, efficiency, reliability, modernity, generality, courtesy, affordability. An inappropriate service supplying, under the Concessions Law and the Concession Agreements, is sufficient reason for applying administrative penalties, intervention, caducity and justifies the nonextension of expired agreements, if it is possible to do so. The economic and technical regulation established by ANEEL presents different results, such as stability in the main quality indicators, an increase in operational efficiency in the private distribution utilities and loss of economic efficiency by the state-owned companies. The investment amount is defined by the electricity utilities in accordance with the power network requirements. However, there is an obligation to universalize electricity supply, which most electricity utilities were able to do as planned by the government. This dissertation builds a few parcial indicators and one composite Global Performance Indicator. The Global Performance Indicator helps data understanding and political and regulatory decisions. The composite indicator assigns a grade for each distribution utility, aggregating the remarked performance on the indicators of: i) efficiency, which includes affordability; ii) quality, which reflects courtesy and continuity; iii) modernity and generality; and iv) regularity. For each indicator it has been collected regulatory and real data and, in the end, different statistical methods of data normalisation and data weighting and aggregation were tested. The results indicate a strong stability in the chosen composite performance ranking, mainly for the four best and nine worst distribution utilities when performed uncertainty and sensitivity tests. It is recommended not to extend nine concession contracts, to extend twenty-three with conditions and to renew twenty-nine without conditions. It is also recommended new privatization processes in the distribution sector, in view of the last positions reached by the state-owned distribution utilities in the performance rankings, constructed using different methods and data

AVALIAÇÃO DA REDISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA PELAS GRATUIDADES DO TRANSPORTE PÚBLICO METROVIÁRIO DO DISTRITO FEDERAL

Este estudo estima o efeito da concessão da gratuidade para alguns passageiros do Metrô-DF em termos de redistribuição de renda e desigualdade social para os passageiros deste serviço. A análise foi feita por meio da curva de Lorenz, instrumento gráfico e analítico que permite analisar a distribuição da renda numa sociedade, e por meio do índice de Kakwani, instrumento utilizado para mensurar a progressividade ou regressividade de uma intervenção social. Os resultados indicaram que as gratuidades reduzem o índice de Gini em 0,0093 (de 0,4745 para 0,4652). O índice de Kakwani revelou progressividade da política de gratuidade do Metrô-DF, com um índice da ordem de -0,2995, indicando que a concentração da renda bruta dos passageiros do Metrô-DF após o subsídio é menor do que a concentração do subsídio. O estudo contribui com evidências para o aprimoramento da política de gratuidades do metrô do Distrito Federal, visando torná-la mais eficiente e mais progressiva

Direito Como um Sistema de Normas Argumentativa e Narrativamente Construídas

The article is about understanding the law system as a system of principles and rules and about a proposed hermeneutics that can maintain the law's autopoiesis and its perspective democratic and emancipatory. It concluded any distinction between normative species is based in rational insufficiently criteria. Such distinctions are irrelevant to understand the law. Hermeneutic  perspective  proposed  is  based  on  understanding  the  law  system  as argumentative and narrative practice. The interpreter of the law must building a solution for case taking note about past and future: consistent with what is already built and indicative of the future that can be intended.O artigo debate a utilidade da caracterização do direito como sistema de princípios e regras e propõe uma hermenêutica que mantenha o sistema jurídico autopoético, democrático e emancipador. Conclui-se que qualquer distinção entre espécies normativas baseia-se em critérios insuficientes. Defende-se que tais distinções são irrelevantes para se compreender o direito. Propõe-se perspectiva hermenêutica baseada na compreensão do sistema jurídico como prática argumentativa narrativa. O intérprete do direito deve construir a solução do caso levando em conta o passado e o futuro: coerente com o que já se construiu e indicativo do caminho que se quer tomar para o futuro

Knowledge of family health program practitioners in Brazil about sickle cell disease: a descriptive, cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Although sickle cell disease is an important public health problem in Brazil, there is a gap in the literature on the level of knowledge of primary health care professionals about the treatment and management of sickle cell disease. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge about sickle cell disease of physicians and nurses who work in the Family Health Program in a region of Brazil with a high prevalence of this disease. METHODS: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted at the municipality of Montes Claros, in the north of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Study participants included 96 physicians and nurses who work at the Family Health Program in an urban area of the city. Data was collected using an original, partially tested questionnaire based on health care check points for children with sickle cell disease established in educational protocols from the State Health Secretary of Minas Gerais and the Ministry of Health. The structured questionnaire contained 47 questions addressing three axes: epidemiology (8 questions); clinical manifestations (13 questions); and management of children with sickle cell disease (26 questions). Knowledge was measured through mean correct responses to proposed questions. Ethical principles were respected and this project was approved by the Committee of Ethics in Research. RESULTS: 59.4% (57) of the study participants were nurses and 40.6% (39) were physicians. The median length of training and median length of service in primary health care were 4.3 (2.8-8.0) years and 4.0 (2.0-7.1) years, respectively. The mean performance in knowledge tests was < 75%, with 5.7/8 (SD = 1.4) for the "epidemiology" questions; 8.6/13 (SD = 2.2) for "clinical manifestations"; and 17.0/26 (SD = 2.9) for "management of children with sickle cell disease" questions; resulting in a mean total of 31.4/47 (SD = 5.10) correct responses. A statistically significant association was found between the number of correct responses and family health care qualifications (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to improve primary health care professional training in the care of children with sickle cell disease

QUANTO CUSTA UMA EMPRESA ESTATAL ADMINISTRANDO AEROPORTOS?

A administração de aeroportos públicos no Brasil é atualmente compartilhada entre uma estatal federal (a Infraero com 56 aeroportos e 49% do tráfego), concessões federais à iniciativa privada (6 aeroportos e 46% do tráfego) e demais aeroportos sob responsabilidade de Estados e Municípios (508 aeroportos e 5% do tráfego), mediante convênio de delegação da União. As concessões federais tiveram início no ano de 2011, com o leilão do aeroporto de Natal. Após o sucesso da licitação, nos anos seguintes foram concedidos cinco dos maiores aeroportos do país: Guarulhos, Brasília, Viracopos, Galeão e Confins. Os números de investimentos realizados e de satisfação da qualidade do serviço denotam que as concessões trouxeram novo padrão ao transporte aéreo no país. De 2012 a 2015, foram investidos pelos concessionários privados nas 6 concessões federais o montante de R$ 12 bilhões, a preços de janeiro de 2016. Além dos ganhos para o setor, esses investimentos aliviaram o orçamento da União, permitindo que mais recursos fossem utilizados para atender outras necessidades da população

Impact of physical exercise in cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in post-menopausal women / Impacto do exercício físico nos parâmetros cardiovasculares e metabólicos em mulheres na pós-menopausa

Backgound: understanding how physical exercise changes vascular and metabolic health of women with hormonal changes resulting from the menopausal period is essential for better discernment of therapeutic anti-sedentary indications. Besides that, the effects of physical exercise in post-menopause women is not entirely understood.Objectives: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of physical exercise on specific parameters in post-menopause women’s cardiovascular and metabolic health.Design: a total of 31 participants, assisted in a primary health care were included. Twenty (20) women from a program promoted by the health service were assigned to the physically active group (AG), in which they performed many types of exercise, including stretching, aerobic and resistance training of varying intensities. Eleven (11) women on the control group (CG) were recruited at the same service and attended the institution for other ends related to their health.Results: arterial pressure had a significant diference between AG adn CG: mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the AG was 111±6mmHg versus 118mmHg in the CG; mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 71mmHg in the AG versus 82mmHg in the CG. The fact that the majority of women in the AG (60%) had more than 8 years of formal education versus 37% in the CG drew attention. In both groups, most women had less than 3 children. Most women in the CG reported formal work while domestic work prevailed in the AG. Despite this, per capita income showed no difference.Conclusion: blood pressure, an important cardiovascular risk factor, is significantly lower in post-menopause women that practised regular physical exercises; in addition, socioeconomic factors is very close influencer in physical exercise engagement. Other studies are necessary to evaluate more cardiovascular variables.Backgound: understanding how physical exercise changes vascular and metabolic health of women with hormonal changes resulting from the menopausal period is essential for better discernment of therapeutic anti-sedentary indications. Besides that, the effects of physical exercise in post-menopause women is not entirely understood.Objectives: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of physical exercise on specific parameters in post-menopause women’s cardiovascular and metabolic health.Design: a total of 31 participants, assisted in a primary health care were included. Twenty (20) women from a program promoted by the health service were assigned to the physically active group (AG), in which they performed many types of exercise, including stretching, aerobic and resistance training of varying intensities. Eleven (11) women on the control group (CG) were recruited at the same service and attended the institution for other ends related to their health.Results: arterial pressure had a significant diference between AG adn CG: mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the AG was 111±6mmHg versus 118mmHg in the CG; mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 71mmHg in the AG versus 82mmHg in the CG. The fact that the majority of women in the AG (60%) had more than 8 years of formal education versus 37% in the CG drew attention. In both groups, most women had less than 3 children. Most women in the CG reported formal work while domestic work prevailed in the AG. Despite this, per capita income showed no difference.Conclusion: blood pressure, an important cardiovascular risk factor, is significantly lower in post-menopause women that practised regular physical exercises; in addition, socioeconomic factors is very close influencer in physical exercise engagement. Other studies are necessary to evaluate more cardiovascular variables