Brote nosocomial de sarampión

Desde 2010, España y el resto de la Unión Europea presentan niveles de incidencia de sarampión no observados en las dos últimas décadas. En la Comunidad Valenciana en junio del 2011 se notifica el primer caso de sarampión confirmado correspondiente al brote epidémico iniciado en la ciudad de Valencia. El 15 de agosto se produce la transmisión al personal sanitario iniciándose un brote nosocomial. Se diseñó un estudio longitudinal, anidado en el seguimiento de la situación epidémica, para casos incidentes vinculados al territorio hospitalario. Desde el 26 de junio hasta el cierre del brote nosocomial se produjeron 177 notificaciones de sarampión, que permitieron confirmar 151 casos. Cincuenta casos correspondieron al brote comunitario que dio origen a la situación epidémica; al brote nosocomial, 21 casos. El genotipo obtenido fue Paramixovirus D4. El estado inmunitario frente al sarampión era desconocido en el 52,38%. El personal afectado pertenecía al área de urgencias. La finalización de la situación epidémica fue consecuencia más de la eliminación natural de población susceptible que de medidas activas de protección. En nuestra opinión este brote pone de manifiesto que la extensión a la población general se produjo, en gran parte, como consecuencia del brote nosocomial

Association between the rs6950982 polymorphism near the SERPINE1 gene and blood pressure and lipid parameters in a high-cardiovascular-risk population: interaction with Mediterranean diet

The SERPINE1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1) gene, better known by its previous symbol PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), has been associated with cardiovascular phenotypes with differing results. Our aim was to examine the association between the rs6950982 (G > A) near the SERPINE1 gene, blood pressure (BP) and plasma lipid concentrations as well as the modulation of the polymorphism effects by adherence to Mediterranean diet (AMD). We studied 945 high-cardiovascular-risk subjects. Biochemical, clinical, dietary and genetic data (rs6950982) were obtained. We also determined the common rs1799768 (4G/5G), for checking independent effects. AMD was measured by a validated questionnaire, and four groups were considered. rs6950982 (A > G) and rs1799768 (4G/5G) were only in moderate–low linkage disequilibrium (D′ = 0.719; r2 = 0.167). The most significant associations we obtained were with rs6950982 (A > G). In males, the G allele was nominally associated with higher diastolic BP (AA: 81.5 ± 10.9, AG: 82.1 ± 11.4, GG: 85.7 ± 10.5 mmHg; Padditive = 0.030) and systolic BP (AA + AG: 141.4 ± 6.9 mmHg vs. GG: 149.8 ± 8.0 mmHg; Precessive = 0.036). In the whole population, the rs6950982 was also associated with plasma lipids. Subject with the G allele presented higher total cholesterol (Padditive = 0.016, Precessive = 0.011), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Padditive = 0.032, Precessive = 0.031) and triglycerides (Padditive = 0.040, Precessive = 0.029). AMD modulated the effect of rs6950982 on triglyceride concentrations (P for interaction = 0.036). Greater AMD reduced the higher triglyceride concentrations in GG subjects. No significant interactions were found for the other parameters. The rs6950982 was associated with higher BP in men and higher triglycerides in the whole population, this association being modulated by AMD

Evaluating the Impact of Nature-Based Solutions: A Handbook for Practitioners

The Handbook aims to provide decision-makers with a comprehensive NBS impact assessment framework, and a robust set of indicators and methodologies to assess impacts of nature-based solutions across 12 societal challenge areas: Climate Resilience; Water Management; Natural and Climate Hazards; Green Space Management; Biodiversity; Air Quality; Place Regeneration; Knowledge and Social Capacity Building for Sustainable Urban Transformation; Participatory Planning and Governance; Social Justice and Social Cohesion; Health and Well-being; New Economic Opportunities and Green Jobs. Indicators have been developed collaboratively by representatives of 17 individual EU-funded NBS projects and collaborating institutions such as the EEA and JRC, as part of the European Taskforce for NBS Impact Assessment, with the four-fold objective of: serving as a reference for relevant EU policies and activities; orient urban practitioners in developing robust impact evaluation frameworks for nature-based solutions at different scales; expand upon the pioneering work of the EKLIPSE framework by providing a comprehensive set of indicators and methodologies; and build the European evidence base regarding NBS impacts. They reflect the state of the art in current scientific research on impacts of nature-based solutions and valid and standardized methods of assessment, as well as the state of play in urban implementation of evaluation frameworks

Water management

No abstract available

Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19

Interindividual clinical variability in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is vast. We report that at least 101 of 987 patients with life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia had neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against interferon-w (IFN-w) (13 patients), against the 13 types of IFN-a (36), or against both (52) at the onset of critical disease; a few also had auto-Abs against the other three type I IFNs. The auto-Abs neutralize the ability of the corresponding type I IFNs to block SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. These auto-Abs were not found in 663 individuals with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection and were present in only 4 of 1227 healthy individuals. Patients with auto-Abs were aged 25 to 87 years and 95 of the 101 were men. A B cell autoimmune phenocopy of inborn errors of type I IFN immunity accounts for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia in at least 2.6% of women and 12.5% of men

Tratamiento del dolor en los estudios de enfermería

Introduction: Diverse studies state insufficient formation of the personnel of Infirmary in the managing and treatment of the pain, being this one of the most frequent symptoms to treating in his professional exercise. Objectives: To verify the knowledges brings over of the pharmacology of the analgesics and the basic principles in the treatment of the pain among the students of infirmary and to inform the teachers to prioritize the above mentioned knowledges. Design: A survey was realized to 55 pupils (53 women and 2 males) of the third course of the School of Infirmary of our city. Material and methods: The questions gathered in crowds in two blocks: 1. Pharmacology of analgesics: to identify the "narcotic" medicaments of those who it are not. 2. Basic knowledges of the treatment of the pain: analgesic stairs, indications of the morphine, tolerance, etc., as well as the need of the pain and his attitude before whom he suffers it. Results: A 87% of the sample considered the cocaine to be a "narcotic", on the dolantina the information was dispersed, and a high percentage of them they could not fit powerful analgesics as the metamizol or ketorolaco. The level of basic knowledges in the treatment of the pain was acceptable, though we must bear in mind that in 25% they thought that the increase of the dose of morphine was due to the development of addiction. Conclusions: We observe the need to penetrate more into the fundamental pharmacology of the analgesics, must be priority in the formation of pregrado and it makes us happy to state the change towards a better knowledge of the basic principles of the treatment of the pain in the new generations of Infirmary.Introducción: Diversos estudios constatan insuficiente formación del personal de enfermería en el manejo y tratamiento del dolor, siendo este uno de los síntomas más frecuentes a tratar en su ejercicio profesional. Objetivos: Averiguar los conocimientos acerca de la farmacología de los analgésicos y los principios básicos en el tratamiento del dolor entre los estudiantes de enfermería e informar a los docentes para priorizar dichos conocimientos. Diseño: Se realizó una encuesta a los 55 alumnos (53 mujeres y 2 varones) de tercer curso de la Escuela de Enfermería de nuestra ciudad. Material y métodos: Las cuestiones se agruparon en dos bloques: Farmacología de analgésicos: identificar los fármacos "narcóticos" de los que no lo son. Conocimientos básicos del tratamiento del dolor: escalera analgésica, indicaciones de la morfina, tolerancia, etc., así como la necesidad del dolor y su actitud ante quien lo padece. Resultados: El 87% de la muestra consideró la cocaína como "narcótico", sobre la dolantina se dispersaron los datos y un alto porcentaje de ellos no supieron encuadrar analgésicos potentes como metamizol o ketorolaco. El nivel de conocimientos básicos en el tratamiento del dolor fue aceptable, aunque debemos tener en cuenta que en un 25% consideraron que el aumento de la dosis de morfina era debido al desarrollo de adicción. Conclusiones: Observamos la necesidad de profundizar más en la farmacología fundamental de los analgésicos, debiendo ser prioritaria en la formación de pregrado, y nos alegra constatar el cambio hacia un mejor conocimiento de los principios básicos del tratamiento del dolor en las nuevas generaciones de Enfermería

An NSGA-III-Based Multi-objective Intelligent Autoscaler for Executing Engineering Applications in Cloud Infrastructures

Parameter Sweep Experiments (PSEs) are commonplace to perform computer modelling and simulation at large in the context of industrial, engineering and scientific applications. PSEs require numerous computational resources since they involve the execution of many CPU-intensive tasks. Distributed computing environments such as Clouds might help to fulfill these demands, and consequently the need of Cloud autoscaling strategies for the efficient management of PSEs arise. The Multi-objective Intelligent Autoscaler (MIA) is proposed to address this problem, which is based on the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III), while aiming to minimize makespan and cost. MIA is assessed utilizing the CloudSim simulator with three study cases coming from real-world PSEs and current characteristics of Amazon EC2. Experiments show that MIA significantly outperforms the only PSE autoscaler (MOEA autoscaler) previously reported in the literature, to solve different instances of the problem.Fil: Yannibelli, Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software; ArgentinaFil: Pacini Naumovich, Elina Rocío. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto para las Tecnologías de la Informacion y las Comunicaciones; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Monge, David A.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto para las Tecnologías de la Informacion y las Comunicaciones; ArgentinaFil: Mateos, Cristian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez, Guillermo Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto Superior de Ingeniería del Software; Argentina19th Mexican International Conference on Artificial IntelligenceCiudad de MéxicoMéxicoUniversidad Panamerican