The truth about lies: the relationship between fiction and reality in Abbas Kiarostami’s 'Certified Copy'

Iranian director Abbas Kiarostami's essential and recurrent concern lies in the questioning of the notion of frontier in all shapes and forms—from the geographical to the personal. His latest film Certified Copy, ranks as a trademark production inasmuch as it epitomises Kiarostami's preoccupation with the permeability and inconsistency of the dividing line between reality and fiction—a preoccupation which runs through all his creative works, be they fiction film, experimental documentaries, poetry or photography. Our article examines the specific ways in which the reality/fiction trope is actualised in Certified Copy. Through a study of Kiarostami's cinécriture (Varda) our aim is to highlight the film-maker's contribution to the debate on the role of cinema as an art form, on life (authentic) and art (imitation). We will bring to light the varied ways in which Kiarostami subverts classical narrative techniques, plays with truths and lies, and disrupts the boundaries between spectators, actors, film characters and ultimately director. In this game of reflections Kiarostami materialises a vision of life while succeeding in reaching out to the viewer's emotional make-up

Some notes to extend the study on random non-autonomous second order linear differential equations appearing in Mathematical Modeling

The objective of this paper is to complete certain issues from our recent contribution [J. Calatayud, J.-C. Cort\'es, M. Jornet, L. Villafuerte, Random non-autonomous second order linear differential equations: mean square analytic solutions and their statistical properties, Advances in Difference Equations, 2018:392, 1--29 (2018)]. We restate the main theorem therein that deals with the homogeneous case, so that the hypotheses are clearer and also easier to check in applications. Another novelty is that we tackle the non-homogeneous equation with a theorem of existence of mean square analytic solution and a numerical example. We also prove the uniqueness of mean square solution via an habitual Lipschitz condition that extends the classical Picard Theorem to mean square calculus. In this manner, the study on general random non-autonomous second order linear differential equations with analytic data processes is completely resolved. Finally, we relate our exposition based on random power series with polynomial chaos expansions and the random differential transform method, being the latter a reformulation of our random Fr\"obenius method.Comment: 15 pages, 0 figures, 2 table

Cell bystander effect induced by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and magnetic nanoparticles

Induced effects by direct exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) are a central issue in many fields like radiation protection, clinic diagnosis and oncological therapies. Direct irradiation at certain doses induce cell death, but similar effects can also occur in cells no directly exposed to IR, a mechanism known as bystander effect. Non-IR (radiofrequency waves) can induce the death of cells loaded with MNPs in a focused oncological therapy known as magnetic hyperthermia. Indirect mechanisms are also able to induce the death of unloaded MNPs cells. Using in vitro cell models, we found that colocalization of the MNPs at the lysosomes and the non-increase of the temperature induces bystander effect under non-IR. Our results provide a landscape in which bystander effects are a more general mechanism, up to now only observed and clinically used in the field of radiotherapy.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, submitted to International Journal of Radiation Biolog

Els apòstols miren al cel. A propòsit de l'edició de les filactèries del frontal de Martinet

This is the fust time the inscripcions from the Martinet altar frontzal are printed, identifying their textual origin (Acts of the Apostels I, 9-1 1) and incluiding the names of all the characters represented. We can note the closse relationship between the images of the altar frontal and the Biblical passage (Acts of the Apostles I, 9-1 I), from wich the painter got his inspiration to paint it

Photo-induced luminescence

The present paper is a critical review dealing with the characteristics, reaction mechanisms and photoproducts, instrumentation and analytical applications of the photo-induced either chemiluminescence or fluorescence. Special attention is paid to the determination of pesticides by continuous-flow methodologies. The paper is divided into several sections covering the most relevant published papers.Catalá Icardo, M.; Martínez Calatayud, JM. (2008). Photo-induced luminescence. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. 38(2):118-130. doi:10.1080/10408340802039609S118130382Lukasiewicz, R. J., & Fitzgerald, J. M. (1973). Digital integration method for fluorimetric studies of photochemically unstable compounds. Analytical Chemistry, 45(3), 511-517. doi:10.1021/ac60325a002Aaron, J. J., Villafranca, J. E., White, V. R., & Fitzgerald, J. M. (1976). A Quantitative Photochemical-Fluorimetric Method for Measurement of Nonfluorescent Vitamin K1. Applied Spectroscopy, 30(2), 159-162. doi:10.1366/000370276774456408Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1998). Fluorimetric analysis of pesticides: Methods, recent developments and applications. Talanta, 46(5), 815-843. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(97)00366-4Aaron, J.-J., & Coly, A. (2000). Luminescence methods in pesticide analysis. Applications to the environment. Analusis, 28(8), 699-709. doi:10.1051/analusis:2000280699Catalá Icardo, M., Garcı́a Mateo, J. V., & Martı́nez Calatayud, J. (2002). Multicommutation as a powerful new analytical tool. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 21(5), 366-378. doi:10.1016/s0165-9936(02)00505-8Coly, A. (1999). Photochemically-induced fluorescence determination of sulfonylurea herbicides using micellar media. Talanta, 49(1), 107-117. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(98)00349-xWerkhoven-Goewie, C. E., Boon, W. M., Praat, A. J. J., Frei, R. W., Brinkman, U. A. T., & Little, C. J. (1982). Preconcentration and LC analysis of chlorophenols, using a styrene-divinyl-benzene copolymeric sorbent and photochemical reaction detection. Chromatographia, 16(1), 53-59. doi:10.1007/bf02258869Scholten, A. H. M. T., Welling, P. L. M., Brinkman, U. A. T., & Frei, R. W. (1980). Use of PTFE coils in post-column photochemical reactors for liquid chromatograph — application to pharmaceuticals. Journal of Chromatography A, 199, 239-248. doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91376-7Batley, G. E. (1984). Use of Teflon components in photochemical reactors. Analytical Chemistry, 56(12), 2261-2262. doi:10.1021/ac00276a066Engelhardt, H., & Neue, U. D. (1982). Reaction detector with three dimensional coiled open tubes in HPLC. Chromatographia, 15(7), 403-408. doi:10.1007/bf02261598Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1994). Photochemical–spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of several aromatic insecticides. The Analyst, 119(6), 1205-1209. doi:10.1039/an9941901205ALBERTGARCIA, J., ICARDO, M., & CALATAYUD, J. (2006). Analytical strategy photodegradation/chemiluminescence/continuous-flow multicommutation methodology for the determination of the herbicide Propanil. Talanta, 69(3), 608-614. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2005.10.044Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1998). Cyclodextrin-enhanced fluorescence and photochemically-induced fluorescence determination of five aromatic pesticides in water. Analytica Chimica Acta, 360(1-3), 129-141. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00721-6Poulsen, J. B., Birks, K. S., Gandelman, M. S., & Birks, J. W. (1986). Crocheted PTFE reactors for post-column photochemistry in HPLC. Chromatographia, 22(7-12), 231-234. doi:10.1007/bf02268764Martínez Calatayud, J. 1988.Flow Injection Analysis of Pharmaceuticals. Automation in the Laboratory, 458London, UK: Taylor and Francis Ltd.Palomeque, M., Garcı́a Bautista, J. ., Catalá Icardo, M., Garcı́a Mateo, J. ., & Martı́nez Calatayud, J. (2004). Photochemical-chemiluminometric determination of aldicarb in a fully automated multicommutation based flow-assembly. Analytica Chimica Acta, 512(1), 149-156. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.02.031Chivulescu, A., Catalá-Icardo, M., Garcı́a Mateo, J. ., & Martı́nez Calatayud, J. (2004). New flow-multicommutation method for the photo-chemiluminometric determination of the carbamate pesticide asulam. Analytica Chimica Acta, 519(1), 113-120. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.046PAWLICOVÁ, Z., ALBERT-GARCÍA, J. R., SAHUQUILLO, I., GARCÍA MATEO, J. V., CATALÁ ICARDO, M., & MARTÍNEZ CALATAYUD, J. (2006). Chemiluminescent Determination of the Pesticide Bromoxynil by On-line Photodegradation in a Flow-Injection System. Analytical Sciences, 22(1), 29-34. doi:10.2116/analsci.22.29Mervartová, K., Calatayud, J. M., & Icardo, M. C. (2005). A Fully Automated Assembly Using Solenoid Valves for the Photodegradation and Chemiluminometric Determination of the Herbicide Chlorsulfuron. Analytical Letters, 38(1), 179-194. doi:10.1081/al-200043477Coly, A., & Aaron, J.-J. (1999). Sensitive and rapid flow injection analysis of sulfonylurea herbicides in water with micellar-enhanced photochemically induced fluorescence detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 392(2-3), 255-264. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00229-9Garcı́a-Campaña, A. M., Aaron, J.-J., & Bosque-Sendra, J. M. (2001). Micellar-enhanced photochemically induced fluorescence detection of chlorophenoxyacid herbicides. Flow injection analysis of mecoprop and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Talanta, 55(3), 531-539. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(01)00470-2Parrilla�V�zquez, P., Gil�Garc�a, M. D., Barranco�Mart�nez, D., & Mart�nez�Galera, M. (2005). Application of coupled-column liquid chromatography combined with post-column photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection to the determination of pyrethroid insecticides in vegetable samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 381(6), 1217-1225. doi:10.1007/s00216-004-3043-xIrace-Guigand, S., Leverend, E., Seye, M. D. G., & Aaron, J. J. (2005). A new on-line micellar-enhanced photochemically-induced fluorescence method for determination of phenylurea herbicide residues in water. Luminescence, 20(3), 138-142. doi:10.1002/bio.817Liu, L., & Guo, Q.-X. (2002). Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry, 42(1/2), 1-14. doi:10.1023/a:1014520830813Frankewich, R. P., Thimmaiah, K. N., & Hinze, W. L. (1991). Evaluation of the relative effectiveness of different water-soluble .beta.-cyclodextrin media to function as fluorescence enhancement agents. Analytical Chemistry, 63(24), 2924-2933. doi:10.1021/ac00024a023Patel, B. M., Moye, H. A., & Weinberger, R. (1991). Postcolumn formation of fluorophores from nitrogenous pesticides by UV photolysis. Talanta, 38(8), 913-922. doi:10.1016/0039-9140(91)80272-2Torrents, A., Anderson, B. G., Bilboulian, S., Johnson, W. E., & Hapeman, C. J. (1997). Atrazine Photolysis:  Mechanistic Investigations of Direct and Nitrate-Mediated Hydroxy Radical Processes and the Influence of Dissolved Organic Carbon from the Chesapeake Bay. Environmental Science & Technology, 31(5), 1476-1482. doi:10.1021/es9607289Dogliotti, L., & Hayon, E. (1967). Flash photolysis of per[oxydi]sulfate ions in aqueous solutions. The sulfate and ozonide radical anions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 71(8), 2511-2516. doi:10.1021/j100867a019Pérez-Ruiz, T. (2001). Flow injection determination of methamidophos using online photo-oxidation and fluorimetric detection. Talanta, 54(5), 989-995. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(01)00369-1Pérez-Ruiz, T., Martínez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martín, J. (2002). FLOW INJECTION SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MALATHION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES USING ON-LINE PHOTOOXIDATION. Analytical Letters, 35(7), 1239-1250. doi:10.1081/al-120005976Pérez-Ruiz, T., Martínez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martín, J. (2002). Fluorimetric determination of arsanilic acid by flow-injection analysis using on-line photo-oxidation. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 372(2), 387-390. doi:10.1007/s00216-001-1173-yPérez-Ruiz, T., Martı́nez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martı́n, J. (2001). Flow-injection fluorimetric method for the determination of dimethylarsinic acid using on-line photo-oxidation. Analytica Chimica Acta, 447(1-2), 229-235. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(01)01299-5Baird, C. 1995.Environmental Chemistry, 509–510. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.Bauer, R., & Fallmann, H. (1997). The Photo-Fenton Oxidation — A cheap and efficient wastewater treatment method. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 23(4), 341-354. doi:10.1163/156856797x00565Huston, P. L., & Pignatello, J. J. (1999). Degradation of selected pesticide active ingredients and commercial formulations in water by the photo-assisted Fenton reaction. Water Research, 33(5), 1238-1246. doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(98)00330-3CATASTINI, C., SARAKHA, M., MAILHOT, G., & BOLTE, M. (2002). Iron (III) aquacomplexes as effective photocatalysts for the degradation of pesticides in homogeneous aqueous solutions. The Science of The Total Environment, 298(1-3), 219-228. doi:10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00219-xZepp, R. G., Schlotzhauer, P. F., & Sink, R. M. (1985). Photosensitized transformations involving electronic energy transfer in natural waters: role of humic substances. Environmental Science & Technology, 19(1), 74-81. doi:10.1021/es00131a008Pérez-Ruiz, T., Lozano, C. M., Tomás, V., & Martı́n, J. (2003). Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of carbaryl using photolytic decomposition and photogenerated tris (2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III). Analytica Chimica Acta, 476(1), 141-148. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01355-7Pérez-Ruiz, T., Martínez-Lozano, C., Tomás, V., & Martín, J. (2002). Chemiluminescence determination of carbofuran and promecarb by flow injection analysis using two photochemical reactions. The Analyst, 127(11), 1526-1530. doi:10.1039/b207460pMiles, C. J., & Moye, H. A. (1988). Postcolumn photolysis of pesticides for fluorometric determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, 60(3), 220-226. doi:10.1021/ac00154a007Soto-Chinchilla, J. J., Garcı́a-Campaña, A. M., Gámiz-Gracia, L., Cuadros-Rodrı́guez, L., & Vidal, J. L. M. (2004). Determination of a N-methylcarbamate pesticide in environmental samples based on the application of photodecomposition and peroxyoxalate chemiluminescent detection. Analytica Chimica Acta, 524(1-2), 235-240. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2004.05.084And, S. T., & Aaron, J. J. (1987). Fluorimetric Determination of Non-Fluorescent Dinitroaniline Derivative Herbicides, Using the Photoreduction of Anthraquinone - 2, 6-Disulfonate. Analytical Letters, 20(12), 1995-2009. doi:10.1080/00032718708078040Miles, C. J., & Anson Moye, H. (1987). High performance liquid chromatography with post-column photolysis of pesticides for generation of fluorophores. Chromatographia, 24(1), 628-632. doi:10.1007/bf02688556Patel, B. M., Moye, H. A., & Weinberger, R. (1990). Formation of fluorophores from nitrogenous pesticides by photolysis and reaction with OPA-2-mercaptoethanol for fluorescence detection in liquid chromatography. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 38(1), 126-134. doi:10.1021/jf00091a027Durand, G., Barceló, D., Albaigés, J., & Mansour, M. (1990). Utilisation of liquid chromatography in aquatic photodegradation studies of pesticides: A comparison between distilled water and seawater. Chromatographia, 29(3-4), 120-124. doi:10.1007/bf02268696Rosen, J. D., Strusz, R. F., & Still, C. C. (1969). Photolysis of phenylurea herbicides. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 17(2), 206-207. doi:10.1021/jf60162a046Lay, J. P., Klein, W., & Korte, F. (1975). 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Applications of thermospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in photochemical studies of pesticides in water. Journal of Chromatography A, 554(1-2), 233-250. doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88453-3WOLFE, N., ZEPP, R., & PARIS, D. (1978). Carbaryl, propham and chlorpropham: A comparison of the rates of hydrolysis and photolysis with the rate of biolysis. Water Research, 12(8), 565-571. doi:10.1016/0043-1354(78)90134-3Samanidou, V., Fytianos, K., Pfister, G., & Bahadir, M. (1988). Photochemical decomposition of carbamate pesticides in natural waters of northern Greece. Science of The Total Environment, 76(1), 85-92. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(88)90287-2Konstantinou, I. K., Sakkas, V. A., & Albanis, T. A. (2001). Photocatalytic degradation of the herbicides propanil and molinate over aqueous TiO2 suspensions: identification of intermediates and the reaction pathway. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 34(3), 227-239. doi:10.1016/s0926-3373(01)00218-1Machado, F., Collin, L., & Boule, P. (1995). Photolysis of bromoxynil (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) in aqueous solution. Pesticide Science, 45(2), 107-110. doi:10.1002/ps.2780450203Boule, P., Guyon, C., & Lemaire, J. (1982). Photochemistry and environment IV- Photochemical behaviour of monochlorophenols in dilute aqueous solution. Chemosphere, 11(12), 1179-1188. doi:10.1016/0045-6535(82)90031-5Almansa Lopez, E. (2003). Simultaneous quantification of chlorophenoxyacid herbicides based on time-resolved photochemical derivatization to induce fluorescence in micellar medium. Talanta, 60(2-3), 355-367. doi:10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00109-7Garcia, L. F., Eremin, S., & Aaron, J.-J. (1996). Flow-Injection Analysis of Chlorophenoxyacid Herbicides using Photochemically Induced Fluorescence Detectiona. Analytical Letters, 29(8), 1447-1461. doi:10.1080/00032719608001493Lahuerta Zamora, L., Fuster Mestre, Y., Duart, M. J., Antón Fos, G. M., García Doménech, R., Gálvez Álvarez, J., & Martínez Calatayud, J. (2001). 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Manifestaciones esqueléticas en la homocistinuria: a propósito de un caso

Se presenta el caso de una niña de 13 años con homocistinuria en la que se describen las alteraciones esqueléticas, haciendo especial énfasis en las encontradas en el raquis, donde además de osteoporosis, ensanchamientos discales no uniformes y las alteraciones morfológicas de los somas vertebrales, existe una disminución de la distancia interpedicular en el raquis lumbar bajo. Se señalan los síntomas y signos radiológicos que son importantes para el diagnóstico diferencial con la enfermedad de Marfan.The skeletal alterations of a 13-year-old girl with homocystinuria are described emphasizing those found at the spine. Osteoporosis, non-uniform widening of the intervertebral discs, morphological changes in the vertebral bodies and decrease in the distance between both pedicles in the lumbar spine were the most significant findings. A rationale of symptoms and radiological signs for differential diagnosis with Marfan syndrome is presented and discussed