Biomechanical analysis of the 10km-run in a triathlon world cup event: differences presented by women gold meda

In most of the triathlon races, the 10km-run is critical to win and, just a few seconds, may separate the gold and the silver medal. To our best knowledge, no study has analyzed the biomechanical differences among the first qualified triathletes during a top-level competition. The aims of the present study were: (1) to examine the different responses to the previous cycling between the gold medal and the other participants, and (2) to compare the biomechanical profiles during the 10km-run presented by the top-ranked triathletes. 16 women, participants at Madrid 2008 Triathlon World Cup, were analyzed. The first qualified triathlete (gold medal) showed significant differences (p < 0.05) with the other participants in many of the analyzed variables. A higher stride length, a smaller stride frequency, a higher and more consistent horizontal distance hip- toe cap and a more extended knee angle of the support-leg at toe-off could explain the differences in 10km-run time between gold medal and the other participant

ANALYSIS OF SPORT PERFORMANCE BY MEANS OF A DLT-2D BASED PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEM

The aim of this study was to validate and apply a bi-dimensional photogrammetric video system to collective and cyclic sports. Twenty-one football matches were filmed using three video-cameras positioned at the main stand of the stadiums and computerized analysis of the films was performed using DLT (direct lineal transformation) based algorithms. This procedure was used during the FIFA under-17 World Championship Finland 2003 and the FIFA Confederations Cup 2005 to obtain a detailed kinematical analysis of high-standard official’s physical and technical match-performance. In another study, the frequency and amplitude of cycle of 2 subjects swimming 400m at incremental progressive velocities were analysed with the same methodology

Participación de las familias, acción tutorial y orientación desde la justicia social

RESUMEN La participación o representación constituye una de las dimensiones fundamentales que conforman, junto con la redistribución y el reconocimiento, el concepto de justicia social, cuyo significado se ha expandido durante las últimas décadas gracias a múltiples aportaciones teóricas. En el marco de nuestra investigación, hemos analizado las pautas de colaboración y participación de las familias en los centros docentes, así como la acción tutorial y orientación educativa, al entender que ambos aspectos pueden contribuir positivamente a una mejora de dicha participación y al logro de una justicia social en educación. Reviste especial interés profundizar en el análisis crítico del discurso de los docentes, como forma indirecta de indagar en la praxis educativa, así como las variaciones y divergencias que aparecen entre lo normativo y lo factual. El objetivo básico de este trabajo se centra en identificar si la justicia social, desde la dimensión participativa, está presente en la práctica educativa y el discurso de los profesionales. Metodológicamente, se parte de un enfoque cualitativo que utiliza la Teoría Fundamentada como herramienta de análisis. Los datos han sido recogidos a partir de una muestra de profesionales de la enseñanza, incluyendo orientadores, utilizando la entrevista en profundidad. Los resultados muestran que la participación no se desarrolla en términos sustantivos, sino meramente formales, evidenciando las carencias existentes en el ámbito estudiado. Las conclusiones sugieren la necesidad de una mayor implicación del profesorado en el ámbito de la atención tutorial, desarrollando técnicas y dinámicas más participativas e inclusivas.  Se concluyen líneas esperanzadoras donde el profesorado y los y las profesionales de la orientación  pueden jugar un papel esencial en la mejora de las condiciones actuales.ABSTRACT  Participation or representation constitutes one of the fundamental dimensions that make up, together with redistribution and recognition, the concept of social justice, whose meaning has expanded during the last decades thanks to multiple theoretical contributions. Within the framework of our research, we have analyzed the patterns of collaboration and participation of families in schools, as well as the tutorial action and educational guidance, understanding that both aspects can contribute positively to an improvement of said participation and the achievement of social justice in education. It is particularly interesting to deepen the critical analysis of teachers' discourse, as an indirect way of investigating educational praxis, as well as the variations and divergences that appear between the normative and the factual. The basic objective of this work is to identify whether social justice, from the participatory dimension, is present in the educational practice and discourse of professionals. Methodologically, it is based on a qualitative approach that uses Grounded Theory as an analysis tool. Data have been collected from a sample of teaching professionals, including counselors, using in-depth interviews. The results show that participation does not develop in substantive terms, but merely formal ones, evidencing the deficiencies in the field studied. The conclusions suggest the need for greater involvement of teachers in the field of tutorial care, developing more participatory and inclusive techniques and dynamics. Hopeful lines are concluded where teachers and educational counselors can play an essential role in improving current conditions

Match activities of top-class female soccer assistant referees in relation

The aim of this study was to examine the match activities of top-class female assistant referees (mean age 34.8 years, s=3.5; stature 1.64 m, s=0.05; weight 58.1 kg, s=7.4; body mass index 21.6 kg · m–2, s=2.4) in relation to the offside line. Computerized match analyses were performed on 14 top-class assistant referees during 10 matches (a total of 20 observations) from the 2006 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) under-20 Women's World Championship held in Russia. In addition, the position of the second last defensive player of both teams was calculated throughout the matches to determine the distance from the assistant referee to the offside line. The total distance covered during a game was 5594 m (s=473), of which 27% was sideways movements (1492 m, s=135). High-intensity activities (>13 km · h–1) accounted for 1999 m (s=371). Mean distance from the offside line during the entire match was 1.06 m (s=0.26). Total distance covered, high-intensity activities, and distance from the offside line were not different (P>0.05) between the two halves of the game or consecutive 15-min match periods. Our results show that: (1) the kinematic demands placed on top-class female assistant referees are similar to those of top-class male assistant refereeing except for the amount of high-intensity activities, and (2) assistant referees were able to maintain the distance from the offside line during the match, which suggests an ability to keep up with the pace of the play throughout the matc

Financial-economic analysis of cultural companies in small and medium-sized cities in Spain

Cultural enterprises are today an important component in the development processes of many territories. In urban centers—particularly those located within metropolitan areas—cultural companies constitute a main element of the economy, due to their ability to activate new production chains and revitalize local regions. The objective of this work is to examine the traditional cultural sector (subsectors 18, 59, 60, 90 and 91 of NACE-09) of small and medium-sized cities from the perspective of the financial conditions of the particular companies involved. The use of multivariate techniques for reducing dimensions enables the specification of key factors within the financial structures of companies to assemble homogeneous groups of firms, in order to then determine which factors influence their profitability in both intra- and extra-metropolitan contexts. The results of the applied method indicate heterogeneity in the financial situations of these cultural industries in the activities and cities analyzed. Differences are marked in the financial profiles of cultural companies in intra-metropolitan environments in terms of business profitability, debt quality, financial stability, investment capacity, and costs of personnel. On the other hand, the economic-financial structures of companies in extra-metropolitan cities are determined through efficiency in the allocation of economicfinancial resources, profit margins, and investment capacity. Belonging to one cultural sub-sector or another and a particular location within an intra- or extra-metropolitan urban environment also play some part in a company’s economic and financial structure. Hence there is a need to differentiate the design of intervention strategies (instruments) aimed at promoting the system/environment to which the company belongs as well as the company itselfThis research forms part of a competitive project “Culture and Territory in Spain. Processes and impacts in small and medium-sized cities” (Ref CSO2017-83603-C2-2-R), financed by the State Research Program “Development and Innovation Oriented to the Challenges of Society” of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, within the framework of the State Plan for Scientific and Technical Research and Innovation, 2013–2016. The project was developed by the Research Group in Urban Studies and Tourism (URByTUR) of the Department of Geography of the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM

Kinematical Comparison of the 200 m Backstroke Turns between National and Regional Level Swimmers

biomecanica de la natació

Beta como variable que mide el riesgo

Nowadays with the international financial and accounting reporting standards, the companies must take different approaches to those traditionally used in Colombia, this to manage the growth of the markets in the world and be internationally competent. Taking into account that the international financial and accounting reporting standard have methods of assessment of companies and one of them is finding the capital cost and that this method requires finding the beta of the companies, the importance of studying the implications of the betas in assessing companies is seen based on a methodology of consultation and analyzing the main authors in the theme like Aswath Damodaran, Pablo Fernandez, Juan Mascareñas, Oscar Leon Garcia and Ignacio Velez Pareja. With the bases of the concept, the characteristic of the betas and their types, a practical exercise will be done to find the beta of a Colombian company that will show results to analyze and apply the theory and this way understand the relevance of betas in the financial and commercial world in companies considering volatility and risk.Actualmente con las Normas Internacionales de Contabilidad y de Información Financiera, las compañías deben realizar enfoques distintos a los trabajados tradicionalmente en Colombia, esto para lograr el crecimiento en el mundo de los mercados y ser competentes internacionalmente. Partiendo de que las Normas Internacionales traen métodos de valoración de empresas las cuales una de ellas es hallando el costo de capital (WACC), y que este método obliga a hallar beta de la empresa; se observa la importancia de estudiar las implicaciones de las betas en la valoración de empresas, basado en una metodología de consulta y analizando los autores principales en el tema como Aswath Damodaran, Pablo Fernández, Juan Mascareñas, Oscar León García e Ignacio Vélez Pareja. Con las bases del concepto, las características de las betas y sus clases, se realizará un ejercicio práctico hallando la beta de una empresa Colombiana, el cual mostrará resultados para analizar y aplicar la teoría; de esta manera comprender realmente la importancia de las betas en el mundo financiero y comercial para las empresas, teniendo en cuenta la volatilidad y el riesgo

The Validity and Reliability of a Procedure for Competition Analysis in Swimming Based on Individual Distance Measurements

In swimming, competition analyses have been frequently performed according to three segments of the nee, equal for all competitors. However, individual distance measurements during start and turn race segments have been scarcely assessed. The aim of the present study was: 1) to verify the validity and reliability of a 2D-DLT based system for competition analysis in swimming and, 2) to compare it with die commonly used technique. Higher values of accuracy (RMSE=0.05 m) and reliability (CV<1%) were obtained 95% Limits of agreement revealed differences no longer than one frame (0.04 s) between the two compared procedures. The results showed that the 2D-DLT procedures ire valid tor competition analysis in swimming and that the differences between 2D-DLT and scaling technique are acceptabl

Comparison of starts and turns of national and regional level swimmers by individualized-distance measurements

The aim of this study was to compare the race characteristics of the start and turn segments of national and regional level swimmers. In the study, 100 and 200-m events were analysed during the finals session of the Open Comunidad de Madrid (Spain) tournament. The “individualized-distance” method with two-dimensional direct linear transformation algorithm was used to perform race analyses. National level swimmers obtained faster velocities in all race segments and stroke comparisons,although significant inter-level differences in start velocity were only obtained in half (8 out of 16) of the analysed events. Higher level swimmers also travelled for longer start and turn distances but only in the race segments where the gain of speed was high. This was observed in the turn segments, in the backstroke and butterfly strokes and during the 200-m breaststroke event, but not in any of the freestyle events. Time improvements due to the appropriate extension of the underwater subsections appeared to be critical for the end race result and should be carefully evaluated by the “individualized-distance” method