Effects of prolonged use of meloxicam in healthy horses: clinical, laboratory, gastroscopic, and electrocardiographic findings

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are extensively used in veterinary practice. COX-2 inhibitors are considered to be safer than non-selective inhibitors; however, there are few studies address of their long-term use in equine species. The goal of this study was to identify the possible adverse effects of meloxicam (a preferential COX-2 inhibitor) in healthy horses, administered at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, orally, once a day, for 28 days. A paired test was performed with seven animals, and the clinical, hematological, biochemical, and gastroscopic parameters, as well as bleeding time, were evaluated in five timepoints and an electrocardiogram at three timepoints. No relevant adverse effects were observed in terms of the parameters evaluated. Significant differences were found in heart rate, AST and P wave duration, segmented neutrophils (%), and the levels of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCH, compared with these parameters at T0; however, no animal manifested clinical alterations. Gastroscopy revealed discrete lesions (Grade 1) in the squamous gastric mucosa on day 14 of treatment in all animals; however, at the end of the study (day 28) these lesions had regressed to grade 0 in three of the horses and remained at grade 1 in the other four animals. Based on these results, we conclude that the use of meloxicam at a daily dose of 0.6 mg/kg, orally, for 28 consecutive days, did not cause relevant adverse effects in healthy horses

Suplementação com progesterona oral para gado de corte após a inseminação em programas de IATF

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with melengestrol acetate (MGA), after timed artificial insemination (TAI), on the conception rate of Nellore cows, according to cyclicity during the protocol, estrus expression between intravaginal device withdrawal and insemination, and diameter of the largest follicle at the time of insemination, in order to identify predictors of the use of MGA. Multiparous lactating cows (577) were subjected to a hormonal protocol for ovulation synchronization. On day -2 of the protocol, the animals were painted with a marker on the base of their tail. On day 0, they were evaluated for estrus expression; the preovulatory follicle diameter (POFD) was measured by ultrasonography, and the artificial insemination was performed. The animals were assigned to two experimental groups according to the supplementation or not with 0.50 mg MGA, between 13 and 18 days after TAI. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using an ultrasound examination 35 days after TAI. A positive effect of the treatment with MGA on the conception rate occurred generally in animals in anestrus, irrespective of the estrus expression. For animals treated with MGA, only those with POFD greater than 14 mm showed better conception rates that the control group.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação com acetato de melengestrol (MGA), após a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), sobre a taxa de concepção de fêmeas bovinas da raça Nelore, de acordo com a ciclicidade durante o protocolo, a expressão do estro entre a retirada do dispositivo intravaginal e a inseminação, e o diâmetro do maior folículo no momento da inseminação, para determinar preditores da utilização do MGA. Fêmeas multíparas lactantes (577) foram submetidas a um protocolo hormonal de sincronização da ovulação. No dia -2 do protocolo, foram pintadas com bastão marcador na base da cauda. No dia 0, foram avaliadas em relação à expressão do estro; a mensuração do diâmetro do folículo pré-ovulatório (DFOL) foi feita por ultrassonografia, e a inseminação artificial foi realizada. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos experimentais de acordo com a suplementação ou não com 0,50 mg de MGA entre 13 e 18 dias após IATF. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por exame ultrassonográfico 35 dias após IATF. Um efeito positivo do tratamento com MGA sobre a taxa de concepção ocorreu, em geral, nos animais em anestro, independentemente da expressão do estro. Nos animais tratados com MGA, apenas os com DFOL acima de 14 mm apresentaram melhores taxas de concepção que o grupo-controle

O PAPEL DA SINAPTOGÊNESE NA MODULAÇÃO DO SISTEMA NERVOSO

A sinaptogênese desempenha um papel fundamental na formação e modulação do sistema nervoso. Objetivo: Este artigo realiza uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o papel da sinaptogênese na regulação do funcionamento do sistema nervoso. Metodologia: A metodologia consistiu na busca sistemática de artigos científicos em bases de dados renomadas. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados indicam que a sinaptogênese é um processo dinâmico e complexo, envolvendo a formação e a eliminação seletiva de sinapses ao longo do desenvolvimento e em resposta a estímulos ambientais. A discussão aborda os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na sinaptogênese, bem como sua importância para a plasticidade sináptica e a função cerebral. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a sinaptogênese desempenha um papel crucial na modulação do sistema nervoso, permitindo a adaptação e o aprendizado ao longo da vida.Synaptogenesis plays a key role in the formation and modulation of the nervous system. Objective: This article performs a literature review on the role of synaptogenesis in the regulation of nervous system functioning. Methodology: The methodology consisted of a systematic search for scientific articles in renowned databases. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that synaptogenesis is a dynamic and complex process, involving the formation and selective elimination of synapses throughout development and in response to environmental stimuli. The discussion addresses the molecular mechanisms involved in synaptogenesis, as well as their importance for synaptic plasticity and brain function. Conclusion: It is concluded that synaptogenesis plays a crucial role in modulating the nervous system, allowing adaptation and lifelong learning.La sinaptogénesis juega un papel clave en la formación y modulación del sistema nervioso. Objetivo: Este artículo realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre el papel de la sinaptogénesis en la regulación del funcionamiento del sistema nervioso. Metodología: La metodología consistió en una búsqueda sistemática de artículos científicos en bases de datos reconocidas. Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados indican que la sinaptogénesis es un proceso dinámico y complejo, que involucra la formación y eliminación selectiva de sinapsis a lo largo del desarrollo y en respuesta a estímulos ambientales. La discusión aborda los mecanismos moleculares involucrados en la sinaptogénesis, así como su importancia para la plasticidad sináptica y la función cerebral. Conclusión: Se concluye que la sinaptogénesis juega un papel crucial en la modulación del sistema nervioso, permitiendo la adaptación y el aprendizaje permanente.A sinaptogênese desempenha um papel fundamental na formação e modulação do sistema nervoso. Objetivo: Este artigo realiza uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o papel da sinaptogênese na regulação do funcionamento do sistema nervoso. Metodologia: A metodologia consistiu na busca sistemática de artigos científicos em bases de dados renomadas. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados indicam que a sinaptogênese é um processo dinâmico e complexo, envolvendo a formação e a eliminação seletiva de sinapses ao longo do desenvolvimento e em resposta a estímulos ambientais. A discussão aborda os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na sinaptogênese, bem como sua importância para a plasticidade sináptica e a função cerebral. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a sinaptogênese desempenha um papel crucial na modulação do sistema nervoso, permitindo a adaptação e o aprendizado ao longo da vida

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Breeding objectives for a Nellore cattle rearing system

Abstract:The objective of this work was to define the traits that should be included as breeding objectives for Nellore cattle, according to simulations with a bio-economic model for rearing systems. The economic values (EVs) of the traits were calculated as the differences between the profits due to an increased performance of 1% in each trait, with the others traits remaining constant. To determine the impact of each selection on the revenue system, two scenarios were simulated based on the traits being selected. In the first scenario, the adopted selection criteria were: weaning weight (WW), weaning rate (WR), yearling weight (YW), and mature cow weight (MCW). In the second scenario, the cumulative productivity (CP) of dams was used as an indirect evaluation of the performance of calves, with all the other traits included, except WW. In the first scenario, an EV of R$1.44 kg-1 was obtained for WW. In the second scenario, an EV of R$ 2.91 kg-1 was obtained for CP. The trait with the highest EV in both scenarios was WR, which enhanced the profits by R$ 3.21 for each 1% increased performance. The meat price paid to the producer is the factor with the greatest impact on the EVs of all examined traits

Oral progesterone supplementation for beef cattle after insemination in TAI programs

<div><p>Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with melengestrol acetate (MGA), after timed artificial insemination (TAI), on the conception rate of Nellore cows, according to cyclicity during the protocol, estrus expression between intravaginal device withdrawal and insemination, and diameter of the largest follicle at the time of insemination, in order to identify predictors of the use of MGA. Multiparous lactating cows (577) were subjected to a hormonal protocol for ovulation synchronization. On day -2 of the protocol, the animals were painted with a marker on the base of their tail. On day 0, they were evaluated for estrus expression; the preovulatory follicle diameter (POFD) was measured by ultrasonography, and the artificial insemination was performed. The animals were assigned to two experimental groups according to the supplementation or not with 0.50 mg MGA, between 13 and 18 days after TAI. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed using an ultrasound examination 35 days after TAI. A positive effect of the treatment with MGA on the conception rate occurred generally in animals in anestrus, irrespective of the estrus expression. For animals treated with MGA, only those with POFD greater than 14 mm showed better conception rates that the control group.</p></div