8 research outputs found
La paroisse de Soulac de la fin du XVIe au milieu du XIXe siĂšcle : les transformations dâun territoire littoral entre la Gironde et lâAtlantique
Situated at the pointe du Medoc region, the parish of Soulac (modern day communes of Soulac-sur-Mer and Verdon-sur-Mer) is according to a medieval expression âat the end of the landsâ. Squeezed between the Atlantic to the west, and the Gironde estuary to the east, the area includes a long coastline (14km of ocean coastline and 11km of estuary banks) which exposes it to phenomenon of natural origin linked to these maritime and fluvial-maritime movements. Since the end of the sixteenth century, the sand accumulated along the length of the coastline in the forms of dunes and carried by the wind onto habitations and cultures, causing the abandonment of the Soulac church and the early initial village in the mid eighteenth century. Simultaneously, the coastline was strongly attacked by erosion that spread in the middle of the Age of Enlightenment. To the east, the flat salt marshes were getting wider, reducing half their surface in less than a century. Finally, the low-lying areas of the parish are exposed to marine submersions, despite beginning with little frequency. This micro space, of 50km2, encompasses a good observation point in order to study the transformations of coastal land and the adaptations of populations to these changes. Taking support from important documentary resources (textual archives and cartographic maps) and continuous in the time (from the end of the 16th century to the middle of the 19th century), the analysis combines traditional historic methods with the possibilities offered by the contemporary computer tools, such as GIS (geolocation, extraction of qualitative data and quantitative old maps). The spatiotemporal analysis allows for the geohistoric reconstruction of the Soulac landscape over a long period, reflecting the natural dynamics, the important transformations and the responses from the inhabitants. The inhabitants, firstly made powerless by the authorities and had given up on themselves, have adapted to the changes by adopting many strategies throughout the course of the 18th century. From the simple control of the sand, using boundaries that dry up the soft, dirty marshes, they are trying to respond to the constraints forced upon them by their environment. However, the actions of the government at the beginning of the nineteenth century which allow for the success of the preventative actions and the start of a new era. The dunes fixed by pine trees and the erosion, stopped by the construction of structures, has given birth to the current landscape at the point of Medoc. More than a simple parish monograph, this case study allows us to ask questions about our environment and the affect that the interactions of cultivation and people have. Reconstructing over a long period of time the transformations offers a better understanding of the risks and the phases of construction of a geographical area offering a historical reviews which allows for a better understanding recent events.SituĂ©e Ă la pointe du MĂ©doc, la paroisse de Soulac (communes actuelles de Soulac-sur-Mer et du Verdon-sur-Mer, Gironde) est selon une expression mĂ©diĂ©vale « Ă la fin des terres ». Prise en tenaille entre lâAtlantique, Ă lâouest, et la Gironde, Ă lâest, son finage comprend un long liserĂ© littoral (14 km de rivages ocĂ©aniques et 11 km de rives estuariennes) qui lâexpose aux phĂ©nomĂšnes dâorigine naturelle liĂ©s Ă des dynamiques maritimes et fluviomaritimes. Depuis la fin du XVIe siĂšcle, le sable accumulĂ© le long du littoral sous la forme de dunes est portĂ© par le vent sur les habitations et les cultures, poussant Ă lâabandon de lâĂ©glise de Soulac et du bourg primitif au milieu du XVIIIe siĂšcle. ParallĂšlement, le littoral est fortement attaquĂ© par lâĂ©rosion qui se gĂ©nĂ©ralise au milieu du SiĂšcle des LumiĂšres. Ă lâest, les marais salants sâenvasent, rĂ©duisant en moins dâun siĂšcle la moitiĂ© de leur surface. Enfin, les zones basses de la paroisse sont exposĂ©es aux submersions marines, qui demeurent cependant peu frĂ©quentes. Ce micro-espace de 50 kmÂČ constitue un bon point dâobservation pour Ă©tudier les transformations dâun territoire littoral et lâadaptation des populations Ă ces changements. Prenant appui sur des ressources documentaires importantes (archives textuelles et cartographiques) et continues dans le temps (de la fin du XVIe au milieu du XIXe siĂšcle), lâanalyse croise les mĂ©thodes historiques traditionnelles avec les possibilitĂ©s offertes par les outils informatiques contemporains tels que les SIG (gĂ©olocalisation et extraction de donnĂ©es qualitatives et quantitatives de cartes anciennes). Lâanalyse spatio-temporelle permet la reconstitution gĂ©ohistorique des paysages de Soulac sur un temps long, en mettant en avant les dynamiques naturelles, les transformations importantes et les rĂ©ponses apportĂ©es par les habitants. Ces derniers, dâabord impuissants et livrĂ©s Ă eux-mĂȘmes par les autoritĂ©s, tentent de sâadapter aux changements en adoptant plusieurs stratĂ©gies au cours du XVIIIe siĂšcle. De la simple retenue des sables par des palissades Ă lâassĂšchement des marais doux et salĂ©s, ils essayent de rĂ©pondre aux contraintes exercĂ©es sur eux par leur environnement. Mais ce sont les actions de lâĂtat au dĂ©but du XIXe siĂšcle qui conditionnent la rĂ©ussite des opĂ©rations de lutte et le dĂ©but dâune nouvelle Ăšre. Les dunes fixĂ©es par des pins et lâĂ©rosion enrayĂ©e par la construction dâouvrages donnent naissance au paysage actuel de la pointe du MĂ©doc. Plus quâune simple monographie paroissiale, cette Ă©tude de cas permet de sâinterroger sur notre environnement et les interactions que son exploitation et son peuplement influencent. Reconstruire sur un temps long les transformations permet une meilleure comprĂ©hension des risques et des phases de construction dâun espace gĂ©ographique, et offre un recul historique permettant de mieux comprendre les Ă©vĂ©nements rĂ©cents
The Soulac parish from the end of the 16th century to the middle of the 19th century : the transformations of coastal land between Gironde and Atlantic
SituĂ©e Ă la pointe du MĂ©doc, la paroisse de Soulac (communes actuelles de Soulac-sur-Mer et du Verdon-sur-Mer, Gironde) est selon une expression mĂ©diĂ©vale « Ă la fin des terres ». Prise en tenaille entre lâAtlantique, Ă lâouest, et la Gironde, Ă lâest, son finage comprend un long liserĂ© littoral (14 km de rivages ocĂ©aniques et 11 km de rives estuariennes) qui lâexpose aux phĂ©nomĂšnes dâorigine naturelle liĂ©s Ă des dynamiques maritimes et fluviomaritimes. Depuis la fin du XVIe siĂšcle, le sable accumulĂ© le long du littoral sous la forme de dunes est portĂ© par le vent sur les habitations et les cultures, poussant Ă lâabandon de lâĂ©glise de Soulac et du bourg primitif au milieu du XVIIIe siĂšcle. ParallĂšlement, le littoral est fortement attaquĂ© par lâĂ©rosion qui se gĂ©nĂ©ralise au milieu du SiĂšcle des LumiĂšres. Ă lâest, les marais salants sâenvasent, rĂ©duisant en moins dâun siĂšcle la moitiĂ© de leur surface. Enfin, les zones basses de la paroisse sont exposĂ©es aux submersions marines, qui demeurent cependant peu frĂ©quentes. Ce micro-espace de 50 kmÂČ constitue un bon point dâobservation pour Ă©tudier les transformations dâun territoire littoral et lâadaptation des populations Ă ces changements. Prenant appui sur des ressources documentaires importantes (archives textuelles et cartographiques) et continues dans le temps (de la fin du XVIe au milieu du XIXe siĂšcle), lâanalyse croise les mĂ©thodes historiques traditionnelles avec les possibilitĂ©s offertes par les outils informatiques contemporains tels que les SIG (gĂ©olocalisation et extraction de donnĂ©es qualitatives et quantitatives de cartes anciennes). Lâanalyse spatio-temporelle permet la reconstitution gĂ©ohistorique des paysages de Soulac sur un temps long, en mettant en avant les dynamiques naturelles, les transformations importantes et les rĂ©ponses apportĂ©es par les habitants. Ces derniers, dâabord impuissants et livrĂ©s Ă eux-mĂȘmes par les autoritĂ©s, tentent de sâadapter aux changements en adoptant plusieurs stratĂ©gies au cours du XVIIIe siĂšcle. De la simple retenue des sables par des palissades Ă lâassĂšchement des marais doux et salĂ©s, ils essayent de rĂ©pondre aux contraintes exercĂ©es sur eux par leur environnement. Mais ce sont les actions de lâĂtat au dĂ©but du XIXe siĂšcle qui conditionnent la rĂ©ussite des opĂ©rations de lutte et le dĂ©but dâune nouvelle Ăšre. Les dunes fixĂ©es par des pins et lâĂ©rosion enrayĂ©e par la construction dâouvrages donnent naissance au paysage actuel de la pointe du MĂ©doc. Plus quâune simple monographie paroissiale, cette Ă©tude de cas permet de sâinterroger sur notre environnement et les interactions que son exploitation et son peuplement influencent. Reconstruire sur un temps long les transformations permet une meilleure comprĂ©hension des risques et des phases de construction dâun espace gĂ©ographique, et offre un recul historique permettant de mieux comprendre les Ă©vĂ©nements rĂ©cents.Situated at the pointe du Medoc region, the parish of Soulac (modern day communes of Soulac-sur-Mer and Verdon-sur-Mer) is according to a medieval expression âat the end of the landsâ. Squeezed between the Atlantic to the west, and the Gironde estuary to the east, the area includes a long coastline (14km of ocean coastline and 11km of estuary banks) which exposes it to phenomenon of natural origin linked to these maritime and fluvial-maritime movements. Since the end of the sixteenth century, the sand accumulated along the length of the coastline in the forms of dunes and carried by the wind onto habitations and cultures, causing the abandonment of the Soulac church and the early initial village in the mid eighteenth century. Simultaneously, the coastline was strongly attacked by erosion that spread in the middle of the Age of Enlightenment. To the east, the flat salt marshes were getting wider, reducing half their surface in less than a century. Finally, the low-lying areas of the parish are exposed to marine submersions, despite beginning with little frequency. This micro space, of 50km2, encompasses a good observation point in order to study the transformations of coastal land and the adaptations of populations to these changes. Taking support from important documentary resources (textual archives and cartographic maps) and continuous in the time (from the end of the 16th century to the middle of the 19th century), the analysis combines traditional historic methods with the possibilities offered by the contemporary computer tools, such as GIS (geolocation, extraction of qualitative data and quantitative old maps). The spatiotemporal analysis allows for the geohistoric reconstruction of the Soulac landscape over a long period, reflecting the natural dynamics, the important transformations and the responses from the inhabitants. The inhabitants, firstly made powerless by the authorities and had given up on themselves, have adapted to the changes by adopting many strategies throughout the course of the 18th century. From the simple control of the sand, using boundaries that dry up the soft, dirty marshes, they are trying to respond to the constraints forced upon them by their environment. However, the actions of the government at the beginning of the nineteenth century which allow for the success of the preventative actions and the start of a new era. The dunes fixed by pine trees and the erosion, stopped by the construction of structures, has given birth to the current landscape at the point of Medoc. More than a simple parish monograph, this case study allows us to ask questions about our environment and the affect that the interactions of cultivation and people have. Reconstructing over a long period of time the transformations offers a better understanding of the risks and the phases of construction of a geographical area offering a historical reviews which allows for a better understanding recent events
Caillosse Jacques, Introduire au droit, coll. « Clefs/Politique », 1993
Brunet Pierre, Caillosse Jacques. Caillosse Jacques, Introduire au droit, coll. « Clefs/Politique », 1993. In: Droit et société, n°29, 1995. La médiation. pp. 215-219