49,860 research outputs found
Completeness Results for Parameterized Space Classes
The parameterized complexity of a problem is considered "settled" once it has
been shown to lie in FPT or to be complete for a class in the W-hierarchy or a
similar parameterized hierarchy. Several natural parameterized problems have,
however, resisted such a classification. At least in some cases, the reason is
that upper and lower bounds for their parameterized space complexity have
recently been obtained that rule out completeness results for parameterized
time classes. In this paper, we make progress in this direction by proving that
the associative generability problem and the longest common subsequence problem
are complete for parameterized space classes. These classes are defined in
terms of different forms of bounded nondeterminism and in terms of simultaneous
time--space bounds. As a technical tool we introduce a "union operation" that
translates between problems complete for classical complexity classes and for
W-classes.Comment: IPEC 201
Gravitational collapse of magnetized clouds II. The role of Ohmic dissipation
We formulate the problem of magnetic field dissipation during the accretion
phase of low-mass star formation, and we carry out the first step of an
iterative solution procedure by assuming that the gas is in free-fall along
radial field lines. This so-called ``kinematic approximation'' ignores the back
reaction of the Lorentz force on the accretion flow. In quasi steady-state, and
assuming the resistivity coefficient to be spatially uniform, the problem is
analytically soluble in terms of Legendre's polynomials and confluent
hypergeometric functions. The dissipation of the magnetic field occurs inside a
region of radius inversely proportional to the mass of the central star (the
``Ohm radius''), where the magnetic field becomes asymptotically straight and
uniform. In our solution, the magnetic flux problem of star formation is
avoided because the magnetic flux dragged in the accreting protostar is always
zero. Our results imply that the effective resistivity of the infalling gas
must be higher by several orders of magnitude than the microscopic electric
resistivity, to avoid conflict with measurements of paleomagnetism in
meteorites and with the observed luminosity of regions of low-mass star
formation.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, The Astrophysical Journal, in pres
Black Holes in Gravity with Conformal Anomaly and Logarithmic Term in Black Hole Entropy
We present a class of exact analytic and static, spherically symmetric black
hole solutions in the semi-classical Einstein equations with Weyl anomaly. The
solutions have two branches, one is asymptotically flat and the other
asymptotically de Sitter. We study thermodynamic properties of the black hole
solutions and find that there exists a logarithmic correction to the well-known
Bekenstein-Hawking area entropy. The logarithmic term might come from non-local
terms in the effective action of gravity theories. The appearance of the
logarithmic term in the gravity side is quite important in the sense that with
this term one is able to compare black hole entropy up to the subleading order,
in the gravity side and in the microscopic statistical interpretation side.Comment: Revtex, 10 pages. v2: minor changes and to appear in JHE
Gap opening in the zeroth Landau level in gapped graphene: Pseudo-Zeeman splitting in an angular magnetic field
We present a theoretical study of gap opening in the zeroth Landau level in
gapped graphene as a result of pseudo-Zeeman interaction. The applied magnetic
field couples with the valley pseudospin degree of freedom of the charge
carriers leading to the pseudo-Zeeman interaction. To investigate its role in
transport at the Charge Neutrality Point (CNP), we study the integer quantum
Hall effect (QHE) in gapped graphene in an angular magnetic field in the
presence of pseudo-Zeeman interaction. Analytical expressions are derived for
the Hall conductivity using Kubo-Greenwood formula. We also determine the
longitudinal conductivity for elastic impurity scattering in the first Born
approximation. We show that pseudo-Zeeman splitting leads to a minimum in the
collisional conductivity at high magnetic fields and a zero plateau in the Hall
conductivity. Evidence for activated transport at CNP is found from the
temperature dependence of the collisional conductivity.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, Accepted in J. Phys. Condensed matte
Combinations of antioxidants and/or of epigenetic enzyme inhibitors allow for enhanced collection of mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells in ambient air
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a treatment for malignant and non-malignant disorders. However, sometimes the numbers of donor hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are limiting, which can compromise the success of HCT. We recently published that collection and processing of mouse bone marrow (BM) and human cord blood cells in a hypoxic atmosphere of 3% O2 or in ambient air (~21% O2) in the presence of cyclosporine A yields increased numbers of HSC. We now show that collection and processing of mouse BM cells in ambient air in the presence of specific combinations of anti-oxidants and/or inhibitors of epigenetic enzymes can also enhance the collection of HSC, information of potential relevance for enhanced efficacy of HCT
Constrained structure of ancient Chinese poetry facilitates speech content grouping
Ancient Chinese poetry is constituted by structured language that deviates from ordinary language usage [1, 2]; its poetic genres impose unique combinatory constraints on linguistic elements [3]. How does the constrained poetic structure facilitate speech segmentation when common linguistic [4, 5, 6, 7, 8] and statistical cues [5, 9] are unreliable to listeners in poems? We generated artificial Jueju, which arguably has the most constrained structure in ancient Chinese poetry, and presented each poem twice as an isochronous sequence of syllables to native Mandarin speakers while conducting magnetoencephalography (MEG) recording. We found that listeners deployed their prior knowledge of Jueju to build the line structure and to establish the conceptual flow of Jueju. Unprecedentedly, we found a phase precession phenomenon indicating predictive processes of speech segmentation—the neural phase advanced faster after listeners acquired knowledge of incoming speech. The statistical co-occurrence of monosyllabic words in Jueju negatively correlated with speech segmentation, which provides an alternative perspective on how statistical cues facilitate speech segmentation. Our findings suggest that constrained poetic structures serve as a temporal map for listeners to group speech contents and to predict incoming speech signals. Listeners can parse speech streams by using not only grammatical and statistical cues but also their prior knowledge of the form of language
Non-existence of New Quantum Ergosphere Effect of a Vaidya-type Black Hole
Hawking evaporation of Dirac particles and scalar fields in a Vaidya-type
black hole is investigated by the method of generalized tortoise coordinate
transformation. It is shown that Hawking radiation of Dirac particles does not
exist for components but for components in any
Vaidya-type black holes. Both the location and the temperature of the event
horizon change with time. The thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles is
the same as that of Klein-Gordon particles. We demonstrates that there is no
new quantum ergosphere effect in the thermal radiation of Dirac particles in
any spherically symmetry black holes.Comment: Latex, 9 pages, no figure, submitted to Mod. Phys. Lett.
Relationship between five-dimensional black holes and de Sitter spaces
We study a close relationship between the topological anti-de Sitter
(TAdS)-black holes and topological de Sitter (TdS) spaces including the
Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) black hole in five-dimensions. We show that all
thermal properties of the TdS spaces can be found from those of the TAdS black
holes by replacing by . Also we find that all thermal information for
the cosmological horizon of the SdS black hole is obtained from either the
hyperbolic-AdS black hole or the Schwarzschild-TdS space by substituting
with . For this purpose we calculate thermal quantities of bulk,
(Euclidean) conformal field theory (ECFT) and moving domain wall by using the
A(dS)/(E)CFT correspondences. Further we compute logarithmic corrections to the
Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, Cardy-Verlinde formula and Friedmann equation due
to thermal fluctuations. It implies that the cosmological horizon of the TdS
spaces is nothing but the event horizon of the TAdS black holes and the dS/ECFT
correspondence is valid for the TdS spaces in conjunction with the AdS/CFT
correspondence for the TAdS black holes.Comment: 17 page
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