Cultivo de almejas en criadero. Experiencias con la almeja japonesa ("Ruditapes Philippinarum" Adams&Reeve, 1850) y la almeja fina ("Ruditapes decussatus" Linnaeus

[Resumen:] La producción de almeja constituye un sector económico de elevadas posibilidades en el litoral español, especialmente en Galicia, comunidad donde está concentrada la mayor parte del cultivo de este molusco bivalvo. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo estudiar cómo evolucionan la talla, el peso (fresco y seco) y la mortalidad de dos de los venéridos más comercializados en la comunidad gallega, la almeja japonesa (Ruditapes philippinarum Adams & Reeve, 1850) y la almeja fina (Ruditapes decussatus, Linnaeus, 1758). Ambas especies fueron cultivadas mediante dos sistemas diferentes: sistema abierto, con un aporte continuo de fitoplancton y agua, y sistema cerrado, donde se proporciona una única ración diaria de alimento. Además, se realiza el seguimiento de un cultivo larvario de R. philippinarum a fin de estimar el tiempo de aparición de cada una de las etapas que componen dicho estadio de desarrollo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron los mayores crecimientos en la almeja fina al ser cultivada esta en sistema abierto, mientras que para la almeja japonesa dichos valores se alcanzan con el sistema cerrado. El cultivo larvario de almeja japonesa determinó el inicio de su fase de larva D al segundo día posterior a la puesta, la etapa umbonada a los 6-7 días, la larva pediveliger a partir de 17-18 días y la postlarva entre los días 24-25.[Abstract:] Clam production is an economic sector of high potential in the Spanish coast, especially in Galicia, where most of the culture of this bivalve mollusk is concentrated. The objective of this work is to study the evolution of the size, the weight (fresh and dry) and the mortality of two of the most traded venerids in the Galician community, the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum Adams & Reeve, 1850) and the grooved carpet shell (Ruditapes decussatus Linnaeus, 1758). Both species were cultivated by two different systems: an open system, with a continuous supply of phytoplankton and water, and a closed system, where a single daily ration of food is provided. Moreover, a larval culture of R. philippinarum is monitored in order to estimate the time of appearance of each of the phases that make up this stage of development. The results obtained showed the highest growth in the grooved carpet shell when it is cultivated in the open system, while for the Manila clam, these values are reached with the closed system. Manila clam´s larval culture determined its beginning on the second day after laying with the D-stage, developing later the umbonate stage at 6-7 days, the pediveliger larvae from 17-18 days and postlarvas between 24-25 days.Traballo fin de mestrado (UDC.CIE). Acuicultura. Curso 2016/201

Molecular sex identification in birds of prey

[Resumen] La correcta identificación del sexo de los animales es de vital importancia para la gestión y conservación de la fauna. En el caso de las aves, el sexado a partir de rasgos fenotípicos resulta complicado o imposible en numerosas ocasiones debido a la ausencia de dimorfismo sexual, tanto en los individuos juveniles como durante la etapa adulta. El desarrollo de metodologías moleculares para el sexado aviar permitió superar estas dificultades, siendo la PCR el método más extendido. En este trabajo describimos una prueba basada en la diferencia en las regiones del intrón entre los dos genes CHD, los cuales se encuentran en los cromosomas sexuales de todas las aves, a excepción de las ratites (Struthioniformes). El gen CHD-W está situado en el cromosoma W por lo que únicamente se encuentra en las hembras, mientras que el gen CHD-Z se localiza en el cromosoma Z y, por lo tanto, en ambos sexos (hembras ZW y machos ZZ). Las regiones del intrón fueron amplificadas por PCR haciendo uso del par de primers P2/P8 y los productos obtenidos fueron evaluados por electroforesis en gel de agarosa. Los individuos podrán mostrar dos bandas o una única banda, siendo identificados como hembras (ZW) y machos (ZZ), respectivamente.[Abstract] Accurate identification of the sex of the animals is of vital importance for the management and conservation of wildlife. Talking about birds, sexing from phenotypic traits is difficult or even impossible in many cases due to the absence of sexual dimorphism in both juveniles and during adulthood. The development of molecular methods for avian sexing made possible to overcome these difficulties, becoming the PCR the most widespread method. In this essay we describe a test based on the difference in intron regions between both CHD genes, which are located on sex chromosomes of all birds, with the exception of ratites (Struthioniformes). The CHD-W gene is located on the W chromosome so that it is only found in females, while the CHD-Z gene is located on the Z chromosome and therefore, in both sexes (females ZW and males ZZ). Intron regions were amplified by PCR using the pair of primers P2/P8 and the obtained products were evaluated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Individuals may exhibit two bands or a single band, being identified as female (ZW) and male (ZZ), respectively.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.CIE). Bioloxía. Curso 2014/201

In-hospital care, complications, and 4-month mortality following a hip or proximal femur fracture: the Spanish registry of osteoporotic femur fractures prospective cohort study

We have characterised 997 hip fracture patients from a representative 45 Spanish hospitals, and followed them up prospectively for up to 4 months. Despite suboptimal surgical delays (average 59.1 hours), in-hospital mortality was lower than in Northern European cohorts. The secondary fracture prevention gap is unacceptably high at 85%. PURPOSE: To characterise inpatient care, complications, and 4-month mortality following a hip or proximal femur fracture in Spain. METHODS: Design: prospective cohort study. Consecutive sample of patients ≥ 50 years old admitted in a representative 45 hospitals for a hip or proximal femur fragility fracture, from June 2014 to June 2016 and followed up for 4 months post-fracture. Patient characteristics, site of fracture, in-patient care (including secondary fracture prevention) and complications, and 4-month mortality are described. RESULTS: A total of 997 subjects (765 women) of mean (standard deviation) age 83.6 (8.4) years were included. Previous history of fracture/s (36.9%) and falls (43%) were common, and 10-year FRAX-estimated major and hip fracture risks were 15.2% (9.0%) and 8.5% (7.6%) respectively. Inter-trochanteric (44.6%) and displaced intra-capsular (28.0%) were the most common fracture sites, and fixation with short intramedullary nail (38.6%) with spinal anaesthesia (75.5%) the most common procedures. Surgery and rehabilitation were initiated within a mean 59.1 (56.7) and 61.9 (55.1) hours respectively, and average length of stay was 11.5 (9.3) days. Antithrombotic and antibiotic prophylaxis were given to 99.8% and 98.2% respectively, whilst only 12.4% received secondary fracture prevention at discharge. Common complications included delirium (36.1 %) and kidney failure (14.1%), with in-hospital and 4-month mortality of 2.1% and 11% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Despite suboptimal surgical delay, post-hip fracture mortality is low in Spanish hospitals. The secondary fracture prevention gap is unacceptably high at > 85%, in spite of virtually universal anti-thrombotic and antibiotic prophylaxis

In-hospital care, complications, and 4-month mortality following a hip or proximal femur fracture : the Spanish registry of osteoporotic femur fractures prospective cohort study

Altres ajuts: DPA is funded by a National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist award (CS-2013-13-012). This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR, or the Department of Health. This work was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford. Funded in part by CIBER on Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, FEDER funds. Unrestricted research grant from Amgen S.A. Amgen did not have any role in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, writing the report, and the decision to submit the report for publication.We have characterised 997 hip fracture patients from a representative 45 Spanish hospitals, and followed them up prospectively for up to 4 months. Despite suboptimal surgical delays (average 59.1 hours), in-hospital mortality was lower than in Northern European cohorts. The secondary fracture prevention gap is unacceptably high at 85%. To characterise inpatient care, complications, and 4-month mortality following a hip or proximal femur fracture in Spain. Design: prospective cohort study. Consecutive sample of patients ≥ 50 years old admitted in a representative 45 hospitals for a hip or proximal femur fragility fracture, from June 2014 to June 2016 and followed up for 4 months post-fracture. Patient characteristics, site of fracture, in-patient care (including secondary fracture prevention) and complications, and 4-month mortality are described. A total of 997 subjects (765 women) of mean (standard deviation) age 83.6 (8.4) years were included. Previous history of fracture/s (36.9%) and falls (43%) were common, and 10-year FRAX-estimated major and hip fracture risks were 15.2% (9.0%) and 8.5% (7.6%) respectively. Inter-trochanteric (44.6%) and displaced intra-capsular (28.0%) were the most common fracture sites, and fixation with short intramedullary nail (38.6%) with spinal anaesthesia (75.5%) the most common procedures. Surgery and rehabilitation were initiated within a mean 59.1 (56.7) and 61.9 (55.1) hours respectively, and average length of stay was 11.5 (9.3) days. Antithrombotic and antibiotic prophylaxis were given to 99.8% and 98.2% respectively, whilst only 12.4% received secondary fracture prevention at discharge. Common complications included delirium (36.1 %) and kidney failure (14.1%), with in-hospital and 4-month mortality of 2.1% and 11% respectively. Despite suboptimal surgical delay, post-hip fracture mortality is low in Spanish hospitals. The secondary fracture prevention gap is unacceptably high at > 85%, in spite of virtually universal anti-thrombotic and antibiotic prophylaxis. The online version of this article (10.1007/s11657-018-0515-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users