Les noms français 'instant' et 'moment', une hypothèse originale

Écrit en hommage à Maurice ToussaintInternational audienceThe French nouns instant and moment can be substituted salvo sensu in some constructions; in others, swapping them results in a change of meaning; elsewhere, one is possible while the other is not. As a first approach, instant is often presented as punctual and moment as durative. This accounts nicely for certain contrasts or prohibitions without however explaining *trois instants importants / trois moments importants or espoir de tous les instants / *espoir de tous les moments, for example. Using a sample of more than twenty constructions or contexts, and corpus data, much better results can be reached if we consider a notion of individuation and qualify the two words in their relation with the temporal origo - that is, Bühler's NUNC or Reichenbach's S point.Les noms français instant et moment sont substituables salvo sensu dans certaines constructions, dans d'autres ils sont substituables mais avec un changement de sens, ailleurs enfin l'un convient et l'autre est exclu. En première approche instant est souvent présenté comme ponctuel et moment comme duratif. Ceci rend bien compte de certains contrastes ou blocages sans toutefois expliquer *trois instants importants / trois moments importants ou espoir de tous les instants / *espoir de tous les moments, par exemple. Avec des données de corpus et sur un échantillon de plus de vingt constructions ou contextes, on obtient de meilleurs résultats en reconnaissant une notion d'individuation et en caractérisant ces deux mots par leur relation à l'origo temporel - le NUNC de Bühler ou point S de Reichenbach

Is Surgery Beneficial for MEN1 Patients with Small (≤2 cm), Nonfunctioning Pancreaticoduodenal Endocrine Tumor? An Analysis of 65 Patients from the GTE

Background: The management of small, nonfunctioning pancreaticoduodenal endocrine tumors (NFPET) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) patients is still controversial. We therefore investigated the effect of surgery on survival and tumor progression in MEN1 patients with NFPET ≤2 cm by analyzing data from the Groupe des Tumeurs Endocrines (GTE) registry. Materials and Methods: Among 579 MEN1 patients in the registry, 65 had NFPET ≤ 2 cm. Fifteen (23%) underwent pancreatectomy, 9 at least segmental pancreatectomies and 6 biopsies or enucleations (the surgery group), and 50 (77%) were followed conservatively (the no surgery group). Age at MEN1 and NFPET diagnosis was similar in both groups, as was size of the primary tumor. Seven (10.8%) patients had metastases. Five metastases were synchronous, and 2 (one in each group) were metachronous. Tumor size was similar in patients with or without metastasis. Results: There was no perioperative mortality. The average follow-up time after NFPET diagnosis was 6.7 years in the surgery group and 3.3 years in the no surgery group. Three (4.6%) patients died during follow-up, 2 due to NFPET and 1 due to thymus tumor. The 2 patients who died of NFPET had undergone pancreatic surgery at the time of NFPET diagnosis. The 2 groups did not differ significantly with respect to tumor progression [5/15 (33%) vs 6/38 (16%), P = 0.16]. Overall life expectancy of patients with NFPET ≤2 cm was not different than that of the 229 MEN1 patients in the registry without any pancreaticoduodenal tumor (P = 0.33). Conclusions: This study suggests that surgery may not be beneficial for MEN1 patients with NFPET ≤2 c

Safety and efficacy of granulocyte/monocyte apheresis in steroid-dependent active ulcerative colitis with insufficient response or intolerance to immunosuppressants and/or biologics (ART trial): 12-week interim results

International audienceBACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with active, steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis with insufficient response or intolerance to immunosuppressants and/or biologic therapies have limited treatment options. Adacolumn, a granulocyte/monocyte adsorptive apheresis device, has shown clinical benefit in these patients. This study aimed to provide additional clinical data regarding the safety and efficacy of Adacolumn in this patient subgroup.METHODS: This single arm, open-label, multicentre trial (ART) was conducted at 18 centres across the UK, France and Germany. Eligible patients were 18-75 years old with moderate-to-severe, steroid-dependent active ulcerative colitis with insufficient response or intolerance to immunosuppressants and/or biologics. Patients received ≥5 weekly apheresis sessions with Adacolumn. The primary endpoint was clinical remission rate (clinical activity index ≤4) at Week 12.RESULTS: Eighty-six patients were enrolled. At Week 12, 33/84 (39.3%) of patients in the intention-to-treat population achieved clinical remission, with 47/84 (56.0%) achieving a clinical response (clinical activity index reduction of ≥3). Clinical remission was achieved in 30.0% of patients with prior immunosuppressant and biologic failure; steroid-free clinical remission and response were observed in 22.6% and 35.7% of these patients, respectively. Quality of life (Short Health Scale) significantly improved at Week 12 (p\textless0.0001). The majority of adverse events were of mild/moderate intensity.CONCLUSIONS: At Week 12, Adacolumn provided significant clinical benefit in a large cohort of steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis patients with previous failure to immunosuppressant and/or biologic treatment, with a favourable safety profile. These results are consistent with previous studies and support Adacolumn use in this difficult-to-treat patient subgrou

Interobserver Variation Study of the Rutgeerts Score to Assess Endoscopic Recurrence after Surgery for Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND: After resection surgery for Crohn's disease, recurrence of endoscopic lesions at the site of the anastomosis or in the neoterminal ileum is graded according to the Rutgeerts score (RS). The goal of this study was to test the interobserver variability for RS. METHODS: Thirteen trained endoscopists evaluated the RS on 39 videotapes of patients who had undergone resection for Crohn's disease with an ileocolonic anastomosis 6 months earlier. Videotapes were randomly assigned to endoscopists through a balanced incomplete block design. Each videotape was scored independently by four endoscopists, and each endoscopist evaluated 12 videotapes, making a total of 156 videotape assessments. Reproducibility levels of the RS were assessed through unweighted kappa estimates among multiple raters. The proportion of inappropriate therapeutic initiation was estimated by randomly selecting one endoscopist for each videorecording, assuming that the majority of endoscopists correctly classified endoscopic recurrence. RESULTS: The kappa estimates were 0.43 (95% confidence interval: 0.33-0.52) for the RS on a 5-grade scale, 0.47 (0.28-0.66) for RS /= i2, and 0.64 (0.42-0.85) for RS i2. The percentages of inappropriate therapeutic initiation were 12.8% (3.8-21.9) when initiation was triggered by a RS >/= i2 and 8.3% (1.1-15.6) when initiation was triggered by a RS > i2 (p = 0.41). CONCLUSION: The reproducibility of the RS was moderate, especially when differentiating /=i2, which may lead to incorrect therapeutic decisions in >10% of patients

Joshua A. Sanborn, Drafting the Russian nation

Le livre de Joshua Sanborn étudie la mise en place de la conscription militaire, universelle (masculine) et obligatoire, à la fois à la fin de l’empire russe et au début de la période soviétique. L’apport de l’auteur est de resituer cette histoire non seulement au cœur de la pensée étatique réformatrice, mais aussi au fondement de la constitution d’un État-nation « russe » et d’une redéfinition des identités sociales. Sanborn souligne les continuités entre la fin de l’empire et l’Union soviét..

Drôle de drupe

Ce texte est une étude longitudinale (notamment dictionnairique) des usages du mot “abricot” en français : le fruit (drupe), la couleur “secondaire”, en argot, le sexe féminin, le symbole biblique.C’est aussi une contribution au déploiement de notions comme celles de motif, analogie, figuralité, ainsi qu’un effort pour dépasser les frontières entre lexique, encyclopédie, écriture littéraire et poétique.The many uses of the word « abricot » in French call for a step by step study which this text endeavours to carry out. It successively reviews the fruit itself (a drupe), the « secondary » colour, its slang use when referring to the vagina and the biblical symbol per se. It aims at being a contribution to the continual revisiting of such notions as lexical drive – « motif » in French – analogy, figural process, as well as being an attempt to reconsider the positioning of boundaries between lexicon, encyclopedia, poetic and litarary writing

Francine Hirsch, Empire of Nations

Issu de sa thèse, le livre de Francine Hirsch analyse la construction de l’URSS à travers l’étude des formes de représentations, notamment statistiques et ethnographiques, de la diversité nationale et des politiques de « territorialisation » des nationalités. Cette approche par le biais des travaux des ethnographes et des recensements permet à l’auteur de caractériser l’expérience soviétique comme un processus complexe d’élaboration d’un « empire des nations ». S’inscrivant dans un tournant h..