Medidor electrónico de ACPM en galones, para el tanque del generador eléctrico del radar de ESUFA

Since measurements such as meters (m), kilometers (km) or gallons (gal) of any object, substance or matter; man has sought systems that guarantee the accuracy of what he sells, buys, uses or consumes in his activities. The Colombian Air Force (FAC) is no exception; at the Colombian Air Force Non-Commissioned Officers School (ESUFA) there is a storage tank for Motor Fuel Oil (ACPM) that is used for the operation of the electric generator that supplies electric power to the ANTPS-70 radar. The measurement of ACPM consumption in gallons is done by hand. The operators use a gauging rod, which is inserted into the tank and, depending on how long it is wetted, allows them to estimate the number of gallons of fuel in the tank and use this data to estimate the number of gallons used. This procedure is carried out in each of the AN/TPS-70 type radars of the FAC military units. In the present investigation, a digital system for measuring the gallons of ACPM in the tanks was developed. The volume of the tank is established with the tank manufacturer's data. With an ultrasound sensor HC-SR04, which works by emitting an ultrasonic sound by one of its transducers, and waiting for the sound to bounce off the surface of the ACPM, the echo is captured by the second transducer. Thus, the height of the fuel (ACPM) inside the tank is obtained and a comparison table of height & volume is made, the Arduino UNO board is programmed and with this relationship the amount of gallons of ACPM contained in the tank is measured, which are transmitted wirelessly by a NRF24L01 module to the receiver where the amount of gallons is displayed on an LCD.Desde que las mediciones como son los metros (m), kilómetros (Km) o galones (gal). de cualquier objeto, sustancia o materia; el hombre ha buscado sistemas que le garanticen su exactitud de lo que vende, compra, utiliza o consume en sus actividades. En la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (FAC) no es la excepción; en la Escuela de Suboficiales de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana (ESUFA) se encuentra un tanque de almacenamiento del Aceite Combustible para Motores (ACPM) que sirve para el funcionamiento del generador eléctrico el cual suministra energía eléctrica al radar ANTPS-70. La medición del consumo de ACPM en galones se realiza de manera artesanal. Los operarios utilizan una varilla de aforo, la cual es introducida al tanque y según la longitud que se humedece permite estimar la cantidad de galones de combustible en el tanque y con este dato hacen un estimado de los galones utilizados. Este procedimiento se efectúa en cada uno de los radares tipo AN/TPS-70 de las unidades militares de la FAC. En la presente investigación se realizó un sistema digital de medición de los galones de ACPM de los tanques. Se establece el volumen del tanque con los datos del fabricante de este. Con un sensor de ultrasonido HC-SR04 que su funcionamiento consiste en emitir un sonido ultrasónico por uno de sus transductores, y esperar que el sonido rebote en la superficie del ACPM, el eco es captado por el segundo transductor. Así se logra obtener la altura del combustible (ACPM) dentro del tanque y se realizó una tabla de comparación de altura & volumen, se programa la placa Arduino UNO y con esta relación se mide la cantidad de galones de ACPM contenidos en el tanque, los cuales son transmitidos inalámbricamente por un módulo NRF24L01 al receptor donde se visualiza la cantidad de galones en un LCD

Prototipo control de vehículo robot por señales EMG

The EMG (Electromyography) signals are basically electrical pulses emitted by the nerves and muscles of the extremities of the human body, (for example the biceps of the arm) which are obtained by means of electrodes. These signals can be amplified and used in different activities or jobs. In the present investigation the EMG signals, acquired from the biceps of the arm to be used, are used by means of three surface electrodes specifically placed to be able to acquire the signals transmitted by the biceps muscles, which with the use of a differential amplifier will be measured and amplified the difference in voltage between the three electrodes that is placed in the muscle, taking into account that the signals are between the ranges of µV and less than 10mV. In the following stages the preparation of the signal is done to connect it to a microcontroller. In this case, the Arduino card will be used, where the already amplified signal is processed and transmitted wirelessly with the help of NRF24L01, which has a range of 1000 meters away from the control system in the Robot Vehicle. In this comes the variation of tension depending on the deflection of the arm and therefore the Robot vehicle accelerates or slows down depending on the signal emitted by the arm amplifier system. Finally, the prototype is adjusted and the fundamental mechanical-electronic characterizations for the different control movements are established.Las señales EMG (Electromiografía) son básicamente pulsos eléctricos emitidos por los nervios y músculos de las extremidades del cuerpo humano, (ejemplo el bíceps del brazo) los que se obtienen por medio de electrodos. Estas señales se pueden amplificar y ser utilizadas en diferentes actividades o trabajos. En la presente investigación se utilizan las señales EMG, adquiridas del bíceps del brazo a utilizar, por medio de tres electrodos superficiales colocados específicamente para poder adquirir las señales trasmitidas por los músculos del bíceps, que con la utilización de un amplificador diferencial se medirá y amplificará la diferencia de voltaje entre los tres electrodos que se coloca en el músculo, teniendo en cuenta que las señales se encuentran entre los rangos de µV y menores de 10mV. En las siguientes etapas se realiza la preparación de la señal para conectarla a un microcontrolador. En este caso se utilizará la tarjeta Arduino, en donde se procesa la señal ya amplificada y se trasmite inalámbricamente con la ayuda del NRF24L01, que tiene un alcance de1000 metros de distancia al sistema de control que está en el Vehículo Robot. En este llega la variación de tensión dependiendo de la deflexión del brazo y por lo tanto el vehículo Robot se acelera o desacelera dependiendo de la señal emitida por el sistema amplificador del brazo. Finalmente se ajusta el prototipo y se establecen las caracterizaciones fundamentales mecánicas-electrónicas para los diferentes movimientos de control

Reevaluation of the Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum genomes reveals misassembly, karyotype differences, and chromosomal rearrangements

Neospora caninum primarily infects cattle, causing abortions, with an estimated impact of a billion dollars on the worldwide economy annually. However, the study of its biology has been unheeded by the established paradigm that it is virtually identical to its close relative, the widely studied human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. By revisiting the genome sequence, assembly, and annotation using third-generation sequencing technologies, here we show that the N. caninum genome was originally incorrectly assembled under the presumption of synteny with T. gondii. We show that major chromosomal rearrangements have occurred between these species. Importantly, we show that chromosomes originally named Chr VIIb and VIII are indeed fused, reducing the karyotype of both N. caninum and T. gondii to 13 chromosomes. We reannotate the N. caninum genome, revealing more than 500 new genes. We sequence and annotate the nonphotosynthetic plastid and mitochondrial genomes and show that although apicoplast genomes are virtually identical, high levels of gene fragmentation and reshuffling exist between species and strains. Our results correct assembly artifacts that are currently widely distributed in the genome database of N. caninum and T. gondii and, more importantly, highlight the mitochondria as a previously oversighted source of variability and pave the way for a change in the paradigm of synteny, encouraging rethinking the genome as basis of the comparative unique biology of these pathogens.INIA: FSSA_X_2014_1_10602

Diagnostic investigation of 100 cases of abortion in sheep in Uruguay: 2015-2021

The aim of this work was to identify causes of abortion through laboratory investigations in sheep flocks in Uruguay. One hundred cases of abortion, comprising 58 fetuses, 36 fetuses with their placentas, and 6 placentas were investigated in 2015-2021. Cases were subjected to gross and microscopic pathologic examinations, and microbiological and serological testing for the identification of causes of abortion, including protozoal, bacterial, and viral pathogens. An etiologic diagnosis was determined in 46 (46%) cases, including 33 (33%) cases caused by infectious pathogens, as determined by the detection of a pathogen along with the identification of fetoplacental lesions attributable to the detected pathogen. Twenty-seven cases (27%) were caused by Toxoplasma gondii, 5 (5%) by Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus, and 1 (1%) by an unidentified species of Campylobacter. Fourteen cases (14%) had inflammatory and/or necrotizing fetoplacental lesions compatible with an infectious etiology. Although the cause for these lesions was not clearly identified, T. gondii was detected in 4 of these cases, opportunistic bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis, Streptococcus sp.) were isolated in 2 cases, and bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subtype i (BVDV-1i) was detected in another. Campylobacter jejuni was identified in 1 (1%) severely autolyzed, mummified fetus. BVDV-2b was identified incidentally in one fetus with an etiologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Microscopic agglutination test revealed antibodies against ≥1 Leptospira serovars in 15/63 (23.8%) fetuses; however, Leptospira was not identified by a combination of qPCR, culture, fluorescent antibody testing nor immunohistochemistry. Neospora caninum, Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia pecorum, Coxiella burnetii and border disease virus were not detected in any of the analyzed cases. Death was attributed to dystocia in 13 (13%) fetuses delivered by 8 sheep, mostly from one highly prolific flock. Congenital malformations including inferior prognathism, a focal hepatic cyst, and enterohepatic agenesis were identified in one fetus each, the latter being the only one considered incompatible with postnatal life. Toxoplasmosis, campylobacteriosis and dystocia were the main identified causes of fetal losses. Despite the relatively low overall success rate in establishing an etiologic diagnosis, a systematic laboratory workup in cases of abortion is of value to identify their causes and enables zoonotic pathogens surveillance.INIA: PL_27 N-23398ANII: FCE_3_2018_1_148540ANII: FSA_1_2018_1_15268

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

LA EVALUACIÓN INVESTIGATIVA EN CIENCIAS A NIVEL UNIVERSITARIO

The evaluation plays different roles in the educational process. It should be consideredas a learning process and not as a result of learning. ln this paper we develop thestrategy of evaluation as a research process, in which the student has the opportunity tosummarize to solve problems , to read papers to integrate knowledge to developcompetence in which he must apply the knowledge and socialize his own research

Hidatidosis primaria en muslo que simula un sewannoma de nervio ciático izquierdo. Reporte de un caso

La hidatidosis es una enfermedad prevalente en países en vías de desarrollo, a pesar de tener tratamiento oportuno y vías de prevención su prevalencia aún es alta, generando gastos económicos. Su presentación generalmente es a nivel pulmonar, muy rara es la presentación a nivel de extremidades. La tomografía es el examen de elección para el diagnóstico, se puede encontrar cosinofilia en el hemograma y el ELISA para hidatidosis es positivo. El abordaje quirúrgico va a depender de la localización del quiste.Se presenta el caso de un paciente con hidatidosis en muslo izquierdo que mostró una tumoración en partes blandas a nivel de miembro inferior no dolorosa, siendo sometido a una resección amplia de dicha lesión, el resultado de la anatomía patológica fue hidatidosis

Design and implementation of support and planning for 360º recording. Recording techniques (video and audio) and problem solving: application to the recording of institutional and popular science videos. Part III

Proyecto de Innovación Docente que se ha traducido en empleabiliad de alguno de los alumnos participantesLa grabación 360º está introduciendo variaciones sustanciales en la forma de narrar y producir contenidos audiovisuales. La posibilidad de sumergir al espectador en un entorno totalmente inmersivo en el que cada punto de vista de atención es seleccionado por el propio espectador, implica un cambio de paradigma en el papel que ejerce el director o realizador como creador y narrador de los acontecimientos. Pero, en todo lo relacionado con la producción audiovisual, el dominio de la tecnología es fundamental para llegar a la excelencia. Resulta fundamental profundizar e investigar en todas las posibilidades técnicas antes de aplicarlo al mundo profesional. Llevamos trabajando desde el curso 2018-2019 en diseñar un protocolo que permita planificar creaciones de grabación 360º tanto en lo relacionado con el vídeo como con el audio. En el curso anterior, establecimos un protocolo y empezamos a colaborar con el proyecto nº 262 Innova-Docencia, “liderado por la profesora Dña. Teresa García Nieto, en el proyecto ‘Científic@s en prácticas’ mediante un convenio con el CSIC. El objetivo es crear producciones audiovisuales en 360º que divulguen la labor desarrollada en el organismo, integrando a los alumnos del Grado de Comunicación Audiovisual, con el objetivo de que aprendan esta técnica de grabación e implementen nuevas fórmulas narrativas asociadas a la misma. El proyecto ‘Científic@s en prácticas’ consiste en tratar de captar científicos entre alumnos preuniversitarios, por lo que creemos que la producción audiovisual puede servir de estímulo para que estos alumnos de la ESO puedan comprender la naturaleza de los objetivos del proyecto en el que participan. El proyecto resulta innovador por dos motivos principales: a) el alumnado aprende directamente sobre un proyecto real la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías de producción audiovisual y b) aprenden a elaborar protocolos mediante el aprendizaje de metodologías de investigación derivadas de aplicaciones y estudios sobre el proceso. Además, dada la novedad de esta tecnología 360º, ninguna asignatura del Grado de Comunicación Audiovisual aborda esta materia entre sus contenidos.360º filming is introducing substantial variations in the way audiovisual content is narrated and produced. The possibility of immersing the viewer in a totally immersive environment in which each point of view is selected by the viewer, implies a paradigm shift in the role of the director or producer as the creator and narrator of events. But, in everything related to audiovisual production, the mastery of technology is fundamental in order to achieve excellence. It is essential to delve into and investigate all the technical possibilities before applying it to the professional world. Since the 2018-2019 academic year, we have been working on designing a protocol that allows us to plan 360º recording creations both in terms of video and audio. In the previous academic year, we established a protocol and began to collaborate with project no. 262 Innova-Docencia, "led by the teacher Ms. Teresa García Nieto, in the project 'Científic@s en prácticas' through an agreement with the CSIC. The aim is to create 360º audiovisual productions that disseminate the work carried out in the organisation, integrating the students of the Audiovisual Communication Degree, with the objective that they learn this recording technique and implement new narrative formulas associated with it. The 'Scientists in practice' project consists of trying to recruit scientists among pre-university students, so we believe that audiovisual production can serve as a stimulus for these ESO students to understand the nature of the objectives of the project in which they are participating. The project is innovative for two main reasons: a) the students learn directly on a real project the application of new audiovisual production technologies and b) they learn to develop protocols by learning research methodologies derived from applications and studies on the process. Moreover, given the novelty of this 360º technology, no other subject in the Audiovisual Communication Degree includes this subject among its contents.Depto. de Ciencias de la Comunicación AplicadaFac. de Bellas ArtesFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónFALSEsubmitte