Estudio de una lucerna romana inédita hallada en Burriana (Castellón)

La lucerna fue hallada en el año 2007 en una excavación de urgencia realizada en el yacimiento arqueológico del Marjalet, situado en el municipio de Burriana, en la costa de la provincia de Castellón. Esta lucerna se enmarca en la tipología Loeschcke IC de gran importancia comercial durante la época Neroniana-Flavia. Se trata de una lucerna de volutas en cuya parte central muestra una escena decorativa con la imagen del ser mitológico Pegaso y en su base de forma incisa presenta la inscripción P.

Power Factor Corrector Design applied to an 85-kHz Wireless Charger

Wireless charging technology extends the battery autonomy by allowing more flexible and practical ways of recharging it even when the electric vehicle is on move. The frequency conversion, which is required to generate a kHz-ranged magnetic field, also leads to considerable harmonics. As a result, the power factor and the corresponding efficiency decrement. This paper proposes a Power Factor Corrector which overcomes this drawback. The most relevant feature of the designed Power Factor Corrector is that it does not need any electrical signal from the secondary side to adjust its operation properly. The simulation results show the ability of the proposed scheme to increment the system efficiency for different State-Of-Charge in the Battery.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Design and implementation of an 85-kHz Bidirectional Wireless Charger

Bidirectional wireless chargers will facilitate the seamless adoption of the V2G technology. When compared with unidirectional systems, developing a bidirectional wireless charger for an EV poses some new challenges. This paper presents some of the technological challenges (mainly related to the power converters) that we have addressed when building a bidirectional wireless charger. In particular, we have built a 3.7 kW bidirectional prototype working at 85 kHz. Experimental results for both power flows demonstrate the validity of the design.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Unequal Treatment of United States Citizens: Eroding the Constitutional Safeguards

This comment examines the unequal treatment of United States citizens who are labeled enemy combatants by looking at the factual and procedural background of Padilla, Hamdi and Lindh. Next, this comment examines the origins of the label enemy combatant and the constitutional safeguards afforded to criminal defendants in similar situations as Padilla, Hamdi,and Lindh. The terrorist acts Padilla, Hamdi, and Lindh are accused of involve international laws. Therefore, this comment will examine the Geneva Conventions as a means to understand humanitarian protections that may cover Padilla and Hamdi. Finally, this comment will provide recommendations for some of the issues raised

Sensitivity Analysis of a Bidirectional Wireless Charger for EV

Bidirectional chargers are required to fully integrate Electric Vehicle (EV) into the smart grids. Additionally, wireless chargers ease the charge/discharge process of the EV batteries so that they are becoming more popular to fulfill a V2G scenario. When considering the load of wireless chargers, it is a requirement to know the real output power that these systems offer. The designed output power may differ from the real one as components suffer from tolerance. This paper defines six sensitivity factors to model the severity of the effects of tolerance into the output power. To do so, an electric circuit analysis is used and a mathematical formulation is derived. The six sensitivity factors are computed for a laboratory prototype.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Zooplankton richness, abundance and biomass of two hypertrophic shallow lakes with different salinity

The zooplankton of lakes is controlled by biological and physico-chemical parameters. Among the former, predation by fish can determine the replacement of large-sized species by small-sized ones and among the latter, salinity exerts negative effects on richness and abundance. Since it has been suggested that saline lakes without fishes have higher zooplankton biomass than low salinity ones, the aim of this study was to determine the richness, abundance and biomass of zooplankton in two lakes with different salinity and test the hypothesis that in the presence of zooplanktivorous fishes and at equal concentrations of nutrients and chlorophyll a, saline lakes have higher biomass than those with low salinity. The study was conducted in two shallow lakes of the Province of La Pampa (central Argentina): a subsaline lake and a hyposaline lake, which shared high concentrations of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus, reduced transparency and presence of planktivorous fish. Zooplankton richness was different and higher in the subsaline lake, whereas abundance and total biomass were similar, even when the taxonomic groups were considered separately. It is suggested that the presence of a halotolerant planktivorous fish controlled the size of zooplankton due to the predation on larger species and prevented the development of higher biomass in the saline lake, which is an important difference from previously recorded situations. This study shows that, regardless of the differences in salinity, the top-down effect in the food chain may have been a factor that equalized the zooplankton biomass by allowing only the development of small species and highlights the possible importance of fish predation in determining chlorophyll a concentrations and water transparency.Fil: Echaniz, Santiago Andrés. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Vignatti, Alicia María. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Cabrera, Gabriela Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de La Pampa. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Jose, Susana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto Nacional de Limnología. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto Nacional de Limnología; Argentin

Impact of Coil Misalignment in Data Transmission over the Inductive Link of an EV Wireless Charger

The penetration rate of electric vehicles (EVs) will experience a relative increment in the future, so easy to use ways to recharge will be demanded. In this sense, wireless charging represents a safe charging method that minimises user intervention. In a similar way to conductive charge, wireless charging requires some information exchange between the charger primary side and secondary side (battery) for safety and operational reasons. Thus, wireless chargers depend on a communication system for their controlled and correct operation. This paper analysed the communication performance of a wireless EV charger in which the communiction device is part of the wireless power transfer system. Particularly, this work studies how the communication system reacts to power coil displacements, which commonly occur in their conventional performance. The results show that the compensation topology selected to ensure the resonant operation clearly impacts on the communication performance. In particular, the theoretical model and the simulation results demonstrate that the asymmetrical compensation topologies are more stable in terms of the wireless communication channel capacity

OCPP in the spotlight: threats and countermeasures for electric vehicle charging infrastructures 4.0

Undoubtedly, Industry 4.0 in the energy sector improves the conditions for automation, generation and distribution of energy, increasing the rate of electric vehicle manufacturing in recent years. As a result, more grid-connected charging infrastructures are being installed, whose charging stations (CSs) can follow standardized architectures, such as the one proposed by the open charge point protocol (OCPP). The most recent version of this protocol is v.2.0.1, which includes new security measures at device and communication level to cover those security issues identified in previous versions. Therefore, this paper analyzes OCPP-v2.0.1 to determine whether the new functions may still be susceptible to specific cyber and physical threats, and especially when CSs may be connected to microgrids. To formalize the study, we first adapted the well-known threat analysis methodology, STRIDE, to identify and classify threats in terms of control and energy, and subsequently we combine it with DREAD for risk assessment. The analyses indicate that, although OCPP-v2.0.1 has evolved, potential security risks still remain, requiring greater protection in the future.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Málaga/CBUA

La ineficacia de la defensoría municipal en la protección de los derechos de los niños y adolescentes de Jaén, 2021

La ineficacia existente en la defensoría municipal ocasiona que lo derechos de los niños y adolescentes no sean protegidos de manera adecuada, siendo por esta razón que se consideró como objetivo general determinar la relación entre la ineficacia de la defensoría municipal y la protección de los derechos de los niños y adolescentes de Jaén, 2021. También, se decidió utilizar una metodología cuantitativa, de tipo aplicada, bajo un diseño no experimental transversal, además, fue descriptiva correlacional, aplicando las encuestas a 46 abogados que radican en la ciudad de Jaén. Se encontró que la ineficacia de la defensoría municipal es deficiente dado que se obtuvo un 70% en dicho nivel, en cambio, la protección de los derechos de los niños y adolescentes obtuvieron un 61% en el nivel regular. Así mismo se alcanzó una sigma bilateral menor a 0.05, demostrando que los resultados obtenidos entre estas variables son altamente significativos, aceptando la hipótesis positiva y rechazar la hipótesis nula; además, el Rho de Spearman obtenido fue de 0.923. Concluyendo que la variable ineficacia de la defensoría municipal mantiene una correlación positiva perfecta con la protección de los derechos de los niños y adolescentes