Hypertriglyceridemia, Metabolic Syndrome, and Cardiovascular Disease in HIV-Infected Patients: Effects of Antiretroviral Therapy and Adipose Tissue Distribution

The use of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) in HIV-infected patients has resulted in a dramatic decline in AIDS-related mortality. However, mortality due to non-AIDS conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) seems to increase in this population. CART has been associated with several metabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, low HDL-cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and postprandial hyperlipidemia. In addition, HIV itself, as well as specific antiretroviral agents, may further increase cardiovascular risk by interfering with endothelial function. As the HIV population is aging, CVD may become an increasingly growing health problem in the future. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors is warranted in this population. This paper reviews the contribution of both, HIV infection and CART, to insulin resistance, postprandial hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients. Strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk are also discussed

Comparison of 30 THz impulsive burst time development to microwaves, H-alpha, EUV, and GOES soft X-rays

The recent discovery of impulsive solar burst emission in the 30 THz band is raising new interpretation challenges. One event associated with a GOES M2 class flare has been observed simultaneously in microwaves, H-alpha, EUV, and soft X-ray bands. Although these new observations confirm some features found in the two prior known events, they exhibit time profile structure discrepancies between 30 THz, microwaves, and hard X-rays (as inferred from the Neupert effect). These results suggest a more complex relationship between 30 THz emission and radiation produced at other wavelength ranges. The multiple frequency emissions in the impulsive phase are likely to be produced at a common flaring site lower in the chromosphere. The 30 THz burst emission may be either part of a nonthermal radiation mechanism or due to the rapid thermal response to a beam of high-energy particles bombarding the dense solar atmosphere.Comment: accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysic

Plantas de cobertura de solo para sistema plantio direto.

A camada de palha, sobre o solo, e essencial para o sucesso do Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD). Cria um ambiente extremamente favoravel as condicoes fisicas, quimicas e biologicas do solo contribuindo para o controle de plantas daninhas, estabilizacao da producao e recuperacao ou manutencao da qualidade do solo. O sistema de rotacao e sucessao de culturas deve ser adequado para permitir a manutencao de uma cobertura minima do solo com palha. Na escolha destas plantas, e fator decisivo conhecer a sua adaptacao a regiao e sua habilidade em crescer num ambiente menos favoravel, uma vez que as culturas comerciais sao estabelecidas nas epocas mais propicias. Isto e especialmente verdade nas condicoes de Brasil Central, onde o inverno e seco, ao passo que na regiao Sul, de inverno umido, nao existe essa limitacao e ha maior opcao de plantas adaptadas as condicoes do inverno. Existem muitas plantas de cobertura para as diferentes regioes edafoclimaticas do Brasil, e a experiencia local e decisiva nesta selecao. Em qualquer situacao, deve-se ter sempre em mente que nao existe uma planta milagrosa e que o ideal e ter mais de uma dessas especies no sistema de producao, onde busca-se aliar renda a preservacao ambiental

Subversión de la Palabra en Psicoanálisis. / Subversion of the Word in Psychoanalysis.

El trabajo realiza una lectura al concepto de la palabra plena en Lacan, problematizando su inscripción dentro de la metafísica de la presencia. Amparada en concepciones como la de Slavoj Zizek respecto de la universalidad concreta hegeliana, esta lectura intenta destrabar este concepto de esta solidaridad imputada y de este modo reanalizar sus consecuencias políticas y clínicas. De este modo, se problematiza el vinculo de este concepto con el constructivismo y, sosteniendo más bien una falla intrínseca en el edificio ontológico, se lo asocia con la concepción del acto analítico. Por último, las consecuencias de este análisis son relacionadas y distinguidas respecto de la concepción del campo político presente en Ernesto Laclau, para lo cual se recurre al análisis lógico de Gödel y a la dialéctica de la fe Kierkegaardiana. The work presents a reading on the concept of full word in Lacan, problematizing its inscription within metaphysics of presence. Based on conceptions such as the one of Slavoj Zizek about the concrete universality, this reading tries to unlock this imputed solidarity and thus reanalyze its political and clinical consequences. In this way, the link between this concept and the constructivism is problematized and, claiming rather an intrinsic flaw in the ontological edifice, it is associated with the conception of the analytic act. Finally, the implications of this analysis are related to and distinguished from the conception of the political field present in Ernesto Laclau, for this is resorted the logical analysis of Gödel and Kierkegaard’s dialectic of faith

Zizek: ¿Una Política de la Negatividad? / Zizek: A politics of Negativity?

En el contexto del imperio de los sofistas posmodernos, el siguiente artículo intenta sistematizar un punto en el debate de autores que resisten dicha supremacía. En particular se presenta la lectura que realiza Zizek en su Espinoso Sujeto de las posiciones teóricas de Badiou y Laclau (para lo cual utiliza como matriz su lectura del esfuerzo infinito kantiano). Luego de ello se discute la utilización del concepto de negatividad que le permite a este autor realizar dicho ejercicio crítico. In the context of the empire of the postmodern sophists, the article tries to systematize a point in the debate of authors who resist such supremacy. In particular, the text presents Zizek’s reading in his Ticklish Subject, of the theoretical positions of Badiou and Laclau (for which he uses as his matrix his reading of the Kantian infinite effort). After that, we discuss the use of the concept of negativity that allows this author to perform this critical exercise

Determinação da aptidão biogeofísica do território EUROACE para a utilização agroflorestal

É consensual que a escolha dos usos mais adequados às aptidões edafo-climáticas, complementada com critérios socioeconómicos, promove uma utilização sustentável dos espaços rurais. Existem, no entanto, diferentes metodologias utilizadas para a definição da capacidade e potencialidade do solo para a implementação de usos agroflorestais ou manutenção de ecossistemas naturais e seminaturais, nomeadamente culturas agrícolas, povoamentos florestais, territórios agro-silvo-pastoris e áreas prioritárias para a conservação da natureza. Muitas dessas metodologias recorrem a sistemas de apoio à decisão, baseados na análise espacial multicritério. Neste estudo pretendeu-se determinar os diferentes níveis de aptidão para a utilização agroflorestal no território transfronteiriço que abrange o Alentejo, Extremadura e o Centro (Euro-região EUROACE). Para o efeito recorreu-se a um conjunto de variáveis edáficas e topográficas. Foram igualmente incorporadas as condicionantes legais e a ocupação do solo. A avaliação da aptidão foi efetuada com recurso ao método de análise espacial multicritério Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). O resultado obtido com esta metodologia, confrontado com a matriz de uso existente, permite identificar as áreas onde a ocupação e gestão está de acordo com a aptidão do espaço, bem como as áreas onde o uso deverá ser alvo de uma reconversão ou apenas a uma alteração de modo de gestão

A new protonated molecule discovered in TMC-1: HCCNCH+

In recent years we have seen an important increase in the number of protonated molecules detected in cold dense clouds. Here we report the detection in TMC-1 of HCCNCH+, the protonated form of HCCNC, which is a metastable isomer of HC3N. This is the first protonated form of a metastable isomer detected in a cold dense cloud. The detection was based on observations carried out with the Yebes 40m and IRAM 30m telescopes, which revealed four harmonically related lines. We derive a rotational constant B = 4664.431891 +/- 0.000692 MHz and a centrifugal distortion constant D = 519.14 +/- 4.14 Hz. From a high-level ab initio screening of potential carriers we confidently assign the series of lines to the ion HCCNCH+. We derive a column density of (3.0 +/- 0.5)e10 cm-2 for HCCNCH+, which results in a HCCNCH+/HCCNC abundance ratio of 0.010 +/- 0.002. This value is well reproduced by a state-of-the-art chemical model, which however is subject to important uncertainties regarding the chemistry of HCCNCH+. The observational and theoretical status of protonated molecules in cold dense clouds indicate that there exists a global trend in which protonated-to-neutral abundance ratios MH+/M increase with increasing proton affinity of the neutral M, although if one restricts to species M with high proton affinities (>700 kJ/mol), MH+/M ratios fall in the range 0.001-0.1, with no apparent correlation with proton affinity. We suggest various protonated molecules that are good candidates for detection in cold dense clouds in the near future.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letter

Discovery of interstellar NC4NH+: dicyanopolyynes are indeed abundant in space

The previous detection of two species related to the non polar molecule cyanogen (NCCN), its protonated form (NCCNH+) and one metastable isomer (CNCN), in cold dense clouds supported the hypothesis that dicyanopolyynes are abundant in space. Here we report the first identification in space of NC4NH+, which is the protonated form of NC4N, the second member of the series of dicyanopolyynes after NCCN. The detection was based on the observation of six harmonically related lines within the Yebes 40m line survey of TMC-1 QUIJOTE. The six lines can be fitted to a rotational constant B = 1293.90840 +/- 0.00060 MHz and a centrifugal distortion constant D = 28.59 +/- 1.21 Hz. We confidently assign this series of lines to NC4NH+ based on high-level ab initio calculations, which supports the previous identification of HC5NH+ by Marcelino et al. (2020) from the observation of a series of lines with a rotational constant 2 MHz lower than that derived here. The column density of NC4NH+ in TMC-1 is (1.1 +1.4 -0.6)e10 cm-2, which implies that NC4NH+ is eight times less abundant than NCCNH+. The species CNCN, previously reported toward L483 and tentatively in TMC-1, is confirmed in this latter source. We estimate that NCCN and NC4N are present in TMC-1 with abundances a few times to one order of magnitude lower than HC3N and HC5N, respectively. This means that dicyanopolyynes NC-(CC)n-CN are present at a lower level than the corresponding monocyanopolyynes HCC-(CC)n-CN. The reactions of the radicals CN and C3N with HNC arise as the most likely formation pathways to NCCN and NC4N in cold dense clouds.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letter